家蝇种质资源描述规范及其综合评价

家蝇Musca domestica L.既是卫生害虫,又是重要的资源昆虫.根据家蝇的生物学性状特性以及利用价值,制定了家蝇种质资源描述规范和数据标准,为家蝇种质资源的评价提供了统一的标准和方法.在全国18省、市和自治区收集了54个家蝇地理种群,建立了国内最大的家蝇种质资源库,为家蝇优良品系的选育提供了资源.按照家蝇种质资源描述规范和数据标准对54个家蝇地理种群进行了标准化整理和数字化描述,描述和测定了家蝇种质资源的护照信息、标记信息、基本特征特性描述信息、图像信息、种质保存信息和共享方式共100多项指标,并对家蝇的产卵量、卵孵化率、老熟幼虫体重、幼虫发育历期等12个重要指标的数据进行了统计分析,发现家蝇各个地理种群的指标均有比较明显的差异,并利用DTOPSIS方法对上述家蝇种质资源进行了评价,其中优秀种群10个,良好种群33个,较差种群11个.     

家蝇的养殖及其生理生化研究进展

家蝇是一种重要的可再生性昆虫资源.蝇蛆(家蝇幼虫)具有很高的营养价值,可用作动物饲料;其体壁富含几丁质,是药物的原材料;体内含有特殊的抗菌物质,具有很强的抗菌作用.本文综述了家蝇的生物学、生理生化特征、抗菌物质的应用、大量培养方法以及基因操作方面的进展,为可生性昆虫资源的研究提供了参考.     

家蝇幼虫同工酶研究

本通过聚丙烯酰凝胶电泳法对家蝇幼虫体内的过氧化物酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶和超氧化物歧化酶,以及对超氧化物歧化酶的特性进行了研究。实验结果为家蝇幼虫资源开发利用提供了理论依据。     

利用PiggyBac系统在家蝇中表达蜜蜂王浆蛋白MRJP1

家蝇Musca domestica是一种重要的资源昆虫,作为饲料蛋白已广泛应用于动物养殖产业。MRJP1蛋白（Major Royal Jelly Proteins 1, MRJP1）是蜂王浆的主要蛋白成分,具有营养作用和跨物种促细胞增殖作用。构建表达意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera王浆蛋白基因Ammrjp1的家蝇可望提高家蝇幼虫的应用价值。本研究构建了携带Ammrjp1基因的重组转座质粒pBac[fa PUb-mrjp1-DsRed],显微注射家蝇胚胎,成功建立Ammrjp1转基因家蝇品系,RT-PCR证明Ammrjp1基因在转基因家蝇中正常转录;SouthernBlot证实Ammrjp1基因是以单拷贝的形式插入到家蝇基因组内;利用Inverse-PCR技术获得Ammrjp1基因在家蝇基因组上插入位点侧翼序列。与野生型家蝇比较,G8代Ammrjp1转基因家蝇4龄幼虫的百头重增加8.6%。家蝇遗传转化体系的成功构建,为建立新型转基因生物反应器和开发高值动物蛋白饲料提供技术支持。     

利用PiggyBac系统在家蝇中表达蜜蜂王浆蛋白MRJP

家蝇Musca domestica是一种重要的资源昆虫,作为饲料蛋白已广泛应用于动物养殖产业。MRJP1蛋白(Major Royal Jelly Proteins 1,MRJP1)是蜂王浆的主要蛋白成分,具有营养作用和跨物种促细胞增殖作用。构建表达意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera王浆蛋白基因Ammrjp1的家蝇可望提高家蝇幼虫的应用价值。本研究构建了携带Ammrjp1基因的重组转座质粒p Bac[fa PUb-mrjp1-DsRed],显微注射家蝇胚胎,成功建立Ammrjp1转基因家蝇品系,RT-PCR证明Ammrjp1基因在转基因家蝇中正常转录;Southern Blot证实Ammrjp1基因是以单拷贝的形式插入到家蝇基因组内;利用Inverse-PCR技术获得Ammrjp1基因在家蝇基因组上插入位点侧翼序列。与野生型家蝇比较,G8代Ammrjp1转基因家蝇4龄幼虫的百头重增加8.6%。家蝇遗传转化体系的成功构建,为建立新型转基因生物反应器和开发高值动物蛋白饲料提供技术支持。     

枯草芽胞杆菌发酵玉米秸秆后对家蝇的饲养效果

作物秸秆是重要的农业资源,为有效利用作物秸秆,本文利用枯草芽胞杆菌发酵玉米秸秆,配制成人工饲料来饲养家蝇。从菌液加入量和发酵天数来考察对家蝇饲养效果的影响,结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌菌液加入量为3 mL(3.2×10~(11)cfu/mL),发酵天数3d时对家蝇饲养效果较好,幼虫质量为16.91g,与不加菌液的对照组(13.30g)相比存在显著性差异(P0.05)。经过枯草芽胞杆菌发酵和家蝇幼虫处理后,玉米秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的绝对含量都显著降低(P0.05)。经过家蝇取食后的饲料残渣,经检测,有机质等均达到国家标准。最优家蝇饲料配方为:枯草芽胞杆菌菌液加入量3mL(3.2×10~(11) cfu/mL),发酵天数3d,玉米秸秆和麦麸各125g,每250g饲料添加初孵幼虫200mg。本研究利用枯草芽胞杆菌发酵玉米秸秆,提高其营养价值,并进一步饲养家蝇,为秸秆的资源化利用和家蝇规模化饲养奠定了基础。     

家蝇对拟除虫菊酯抗性机理研究进展

本文概述了家蝇对拟除虫菊酯的抗性机制 ,特别是结合我国室内培育的抗拟除虫菊酯家蝇品系 (Dec R和 2Cl R) ,探讨了Na+通道、神经递质释放、ATPase、蛋白质磷酸化等与家蝇Kdr抗性的关系 ,从多方面证明了神经敏感性降低是家蝇对拟除虫菊酯产生抗性的重要机制。     

家蝇中乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶活性与抗药性的关系

本文对几种抗药性和敏感性家蝇品系的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、羧酸酯酶及多功能氧化酶(MFO)进行了测定.结果表明:①抗药性品系和敏感性品系的AChE活力差异不大, 有机磷抗性品系的AChE对对氧磷的不敏感性比敏感性家蝇明显增大.②某些抗药性家蝇的羧酸酯酶活力比敏感性家蝇大.③抗药性家蝇的MFO活力(O-脱甲基和环氧化)比敏感性家蝇均有不同程度的增高.④二氯苯醚菊酯抗性家蝇对有机磷有负交互抗性.     

滁州市家蝇对6种杀虫剂的抗药性调查

采用微量滴定法测定了滁州市家蝇对6种常见杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,滁州市的家蝇对毒死蜱、敌敌畏、高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫、辛硫磷、溴氰菊酯6种常用杀虫剂都产生了很高的抗性,其LD50分别为1.1858、1.9505、0.9530、47.1834、1.2120、1.0053μg/只,相对抗性系数分别为49.62、139.32、207.17、263.59、390.97、1675.50。滁州应停止使用这些杀虫剂,加强对家蝇抗性对策的研究,延缓家蝇抗性的发展。     

家蝇携带的肠道寄生虫卵

家蝇(Musca domestica vicina)是在室内所见到的蝇类中几占90%以上。由家蝇传染的疾病很多,诸如伤寒、痢疾、霍乱、炭疽、结核以及某些寄生虫病,故此家蝇在流行病上占到了重要的地位。家蝇常将病原体附带于身体及足部的纤毛与其口吻而散播。为查明家     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

实物模型在新课程生物中的应用

在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Circadian rhythm in olfactory response in the antennae controlled by the optic lobe in the cockroach

The olfactory response in antennae of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, was investigated by measuring electroantennograms (EAGs) in restrained animals. The amplitude of the EAG response to pulses of ethyl acetate, octanol, or fenchone, exhibited a robust, light entrained, circadian rhythm that persisted at least 14 days in constant darkness. Dilution-response curves measured at the peak and trough of the rhythm indicated there was a 10-fold change in sensitivity. The EAG rhythm was abolished by severing the optic tracts, while entrainment was abolished by ablation of the compound eyes. The results indicate that the circadian system modulates olfactory sensitivity in the antennae and that the rhythm is driven by a circadian pacemaker in the optic lobes that is entrained by photoreceptors in the compound eyes.