漠甲亚科八种幼虫记述（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）

漠甲亚科Ｐｉｍｅｌｉｉｎａｅ是一类广布于古北区的耐旱沙漠昆虫,幼虫在沙土内发育,危害植物嫩芽和根部,经济意义较大。本文记述了采自宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古和新疆的８个种,即多毛扁漠甲、谢氏宽漠甲、泥脊漠甲［１］、洛氏脊漠甲［１］、光滑胖漠甲［１］、蒙古漠王、谢氏宽漠王和大宽漠王的幼虫,并给出它们的检索表。幼虫标本保存于宁夏农学院。     

漠甲亚科八种幼虫记述(鞘翊目：拟步甲科)

漠甲亚科Pimcliinae是一类广布于古北区的耐旱沙漠昆虫,幼虫在沙土内发育,危害 植物嫩芽和根部,经济意义较大。本文记述了采自宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古和新疆的8个种,即多毛扁漠甲、谢氏宽漠甲、泥脊漠甲^[1]、洛氏脊漠甲^[1]、光滑胖漠甲^[1]、蒙古漠王、谢氏宽漠王和大宽漠王的幼虫,并给出它们的检索表。幼虫标本保存于宁夏农学院。     

中国宽漠甲属分类研究(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

对中国宽漠甲属Sternoplax Frivaldszky进行了分类整理,共计4亚属10种,含2新种:双脊宽漠甲Sternoplax bicarinata sp.nov.和隆脊宽漠甲Sternoplax lineola sp.nov.;给出中国已知种检索表及其名录,绘制了新种的形态特征图.模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国广东省异长足虻属一新种记述(双翅目:长足虻科)

记述采自深圳仙湖植物园的异长足虻属1新种:米诺斯异长足虻Diaphorus minos Liu & Yang sp.nov.,提供了整体图和解剖生殖器图,编制了广东省该属的分种检索表.     

小异长足虻属额宽率的进化意义及一新属五新种记述(双翅目,长足虻科,异长足虻亚科)

研究发现小异长足虻属Chrysotus Meigen,1824中某些类群所具备的"额渐次变狭,颜颇宽、略下凹、两侧缘平行"的额、颜构造特征与异长足虻属Diaphorus Meigen,1824完全相同,该特征在两者中应属系统发育特征;并主要据此特征将小异长足虻属中凡具备"额渐次变狭,颜颇宽、略下凹、两侧缘平行"特征的类群分离出来,建立了变长足虻属Dubius gen.nov.,并附新属5新种记述:秋变长足虻D.autumnalus sp.nov.,曲变长足虻D.curtus sp.nov.,额变长足虻D.frontus sp.nov.,红崖变长足虻D.hongyaensis sp.nov.和亚曲变长足虻D.succurtus sp.nov.。根据变长足虻属,仅分布于新热带区和属东洋区的中国西南地区推测其可能起源于南方古陆(冈瓦纳古陆),并早在冈瓦纳大陆裂解前即向东洋区扩散。模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

新疆漠王属昆虫三新种记述(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)

记述采自新疆的漠王属Platyope Fischer—waldheim 3新种：奇台漠王Platyope qitaiensis,sp．nov．,霍城漠王Platyope korgasica,sp．nov．,库尔勒漠王Platyope korlaensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在新疆大学生命科学与技术学院。     

钝角宽刺甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:刺甲族)的重描述

钝角宽刺甲Bioramix subaenescens(Schuster,1923)的原始描述过于简单,且缺少鉴别特征图。本文根据2009年在四川省马尔康市采集的钝角宽刺甲标本,对其作了形态重描述,并给出了详细的鉴别特征图和实物标本照片。此外,还编制了宽刺甲亚属Cardiobioramix中国已知种的检索表。检视标本保存于西华师范大学标本馆(MCWNU)和俄罗斯科学院动物研究所(ZIU)。     

中国齿甲属两新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科,齿甲族)

记述了中国齿甲属UlomaDejean2新种,即扁平齿甲U.compressa sp.nov.和方胸齿甲U.quadratithoraca sp.nov.。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。1 扁平齿甲,新种Uloma compressa sp.nov.(图1 ~8 , 17)新种与眼脊齿甲U.nanshanchica Masumoto et Nisiiikawa,1986相似,主要区别:眼内侧无横脊;触角较长,达到前胸背板基部1/2处;前胸腹板中间有少许短毛;鞘翅行间扁平;后足第1跗节明显长于末节。正模♂,云南景东景屏利月(1 630m) , 2001-11-16 ,童正强采。副模1 ♂,张家界, 1986-07 ,采集者不详。词源:种名由拉丁词compressus(扁压的,直的)变化词尾而来,意指该虫身体扁平。2 方胸齿甲,新种Uloma quadratithoraca sp.nov.(图9 ~16 , 18)新种与贡山齿甲U.gongshanicaRenetLiu, 2004相似,主要区别:体中等大小,红棕色;触角末节很长,卵形,端部尖;下颚须末节细长,近刀状;前胸背板方形;前胸腹板突末端缓慢下降。正模♂,湖南省溆浦县大江口, 1962-04 ,邓爱国采。词源:种名由拉丁语词quadratus(成方形的) 拉丁语词thorac(胸部)组合并变化词尾而成,意指该虫的前胸背板为方形。     

五种槽缝叩甲超微形态结构的比较研究 (鞘翅目:叩甲科)

通过扫描电镜观察了槽缝叩甲属Agrypnus 5种的触角、前胸背板、中胸小盾片、鞘翅、前胸腹板、前胸侧板、中胸腹窝、跗节等部位的超微形态结构,提出了5种槽缝叩甲超微形态的区别特征,发现了槽缝叩甲体表鳞片毛上的纵脊数目和走向、中胸腹窝的结构与形状、体表刻点的形态等具有明显的种间差异,具有重要的分类学意义。讨论了硬结构昆虫扫描样品制备的程序,叩甲的叩头关节、触角槽、跗节槽的形成与功能,以及超微形态结构在叩甲分类上的价值等。     

温度对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育及体液免疫防御能力的影响

【目的】探究饲养温度对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫生长发育和体液免疫防御的影响。【方法】测定了不同温度（18, 22, 26和30℃）下饲养的黄粉虫幼虫的发育历期、蛹重、化蛹率;采用抑制区分析法测定了不同温度下饲养的免疫（用生理盐水将大肠杆菌Escherichia coli配制成1×104个菌体/μL悬浮液,用微量注射器将其注入虫体腹部的背面,每头幼虫注射1 μL）和非免疫(注射生理盐水)黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴的抑菌和溶菌酶活性,通过分光光度法测定了其酚氧化酶活性。【结果】结果显示,黄粉虫幼虫发育历期随饲养温度的上升而明显缩短（P<0.0001）,而不同温度下蛹重（P=0.067）与化蛹率（P=0.869）差异不显著。免疫组黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴的抑菌、酚氧化酶和溶菌酶活性随饲养温度上升而降低：抑菌和酚氧化酶活性随温度变化差异极显著（P<0.0001）,溶菌酶活性差异显著（P=0.013）。【结论】本研究结果表明,温度对黄粉虫的生长发育和免疫防御具有较大的影响,低温下黄粉虫幼虫的发育历期延长,但其体液免疫防御能力明显增强。     

川赤芍的化学成分研究

从川赤芍Paeonia anomala subsp·veitchii根皮的70%丙酮提取物中,分离鉴定了22个化合物,其中包括一个新的24,30位降常春藤皂苷三萜衍生物,命名为paeonenolide H(1)。化合物2,4,9,10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Growth,trichome size and akinete production of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria) under different temperatures: Comparison of two strains isolated from the same pond

Coiled morphotype Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju that forms a water bloom in a shallow pond in northern Taiwan exhibits a negative correlation between trichome size and temperature. To investigate how temperature influences the growth and trichome size of C. raciborskii, two C. raciborskii strains isolated from the pond in August and February were grown at three temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C). Both strains exhibited the lowest and highest specific growth rates at 18°C and 24°C, respectively, and the trichomes became the largest at 18°C. However, specific growth rates of the strain isolated in August exceeded those of the strain isolated in February, and the trichomes of the strain isolated in February were larger than those of the strain isolated in August regardless of temperature. Moreover, although both strains produced larger numbers of akinetes at higher temperatures, the strain isolated in August produced many more akinetes than did the other. These findings suggest that the two strains are not identical, leading to the conclusion that the C. raciborskii population in the pond consists of at least two ecotypes. Large trichome formation and akinete production are thought to be different types of countermeasure against cold of C. raciborskii, and the patterns of investment in developing these functions seemed to vary between the strains.     

温度对六斑平颜蚜蝇种群生长发育及繁殖的影响

六斑平颜蚜蝇Eumerus seximaculatum Huo et Liu是一种对肉苁蓉造成毁灭性危害的蛀茎害虫,本研究旨在探索温度对六斑平颜蚜蝇生长发育及繁殖影响,为其预测预报和防治提供依据。在室内测定了六斑平颜蚜蝇在16、20、24、28和32±1℃ 5个恒温处理下各发育阶段的发育历期、存活率、繁殖力以及种群增长指数。结果表明,在16~32℃恒温范围内,六斑平颜蚜蝇均能完成整个世代,各虫态的发育历期随着温度升高逐渐缩短;而存活率、繁殖力、种群增长指数随着温度升高先增多后减少。28℃时世代存活率、每雌平均产卵量、预计下一代产虫数、种群趋势指数均最大,分别为66.67%、150.77粒、2 277.25头、34.68,说明28℃为六斑平颜蚜蝇种群增长的最适宜温度。     

Effects of four constant temperatures on the development of two Bradysia (Diptera: Sciaridae) species

In this study, the effects of temperature on the growth, development, survival, fecundity and other population parameters of two local Bradysia species B. odoriphaga and B. impatiens were studied at four constant temperatures (25, 28, 31 and 34°C). The results show that 25°C is the optimum temperature for the growth and development of B. odoriphaga, while 28°C is more favourable for B. impatiens. The temperature of 31°C restricted the growth and development, while the temperature of 34°C inhibited the eggs hatching in both species, resulting in no egg survival and no subsequent development. High temperatures (>28°C) prolonged the 4th larval stage duration, mean generation time (T) and population doubling time (Dt) of both species. The high temperature of 31°C greatly shortened the female longevity, weakened the oviposition and reduced the survival of both species. Moreover, the life table parameters R₀, r_m and λ were also suppressed by this high temperature. However, the high temperature of 31°C had little impact on the egg survival, pupal weight and male longevity. In addition, at 31°C, the values of R₀, r_m and λ of B. odoriphaga were higher than those of B. impatiens, suggesting that B. odoriphaga is more tolerant to high temperature than B. impatiens. The differences between two Bradydsia species seem determined genetically. Our findings are important for better understanding their biological characteristics at a certain constant temperature and demonstrate the possibility to control and manage those two Bradysia species by increasing ambient temperature.     

Growth and development of Avena fatua (Wild-oat) in the field

The growth and development of field-grown Avena fatua plants were studied for autumn and spring sowings in two consecutive years. The duration of various growth stages from sowing until anthesis was quantified in terms of thermal time (accumulated degree days) or photothermal time (degree days modified by photoperiod). Base temperatures and photoperiods for developmental phases were estimated as those which minimised the coefficient of variation among sowing dates. Relationships were derived between leaf emergence, canopy height, plant leaf area, and photothermal time. Stem extension and flowering occurred earlier in autumn-sown plants than spring-sown plants. Autumn-sown plants produced more leaves on the main stem, and had greater leaf area and above-ground biomass at anthesis than spring-sown plants.     

温度对双委夜蛾实验种群生长发育及繁殖的影响

【目的】双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis(Hampson)是近几年在中国大陆新发现的农业害虫,与二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone(Mschler)形态相似,危害特点相同。明确温度对其生长发育的影响,对该害虫的预测预报和有效防控具有重要的指导意义。【方法】在光周期16L∶8D,RH 70%±10%的实验室条件下,设置17,21,25,29和33℃5个恒定温度,饲喂人工饲料,研究温度对双委夜蛾发育历期、死亡率及繁殖的影响,并计算各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。【结果】在17~33℃范围内,双委夜蛾均可以完成整个世代,各虫态发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;17和21℃下,双委夜蛾幼虫有7个龄期,而25℃以上时幼虫只有6个龄期。25℃下双委夜蛾死亡率最低(21.00%),单雌产卵量最高(763.95粒)。整个世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.38℃和1 015.36日·度。雌雄虫寿命和产卵期随温度的升高逐渐缩短,且各温度下雌虫寿命均较雄虫长,性比(雄雌比)均在1.18~1.20之间。【结论】25℃是双委夜蛾实验种群生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度。     

不同温度下斜纹夜蛾的两性生命表

【目的】斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是一种鳞翅目夜蛾科食叶害虫,在不同的寄主、饲料等条件下表现出不同的生长发育特点。本实验旨在探究温度对斜纹夜蛾生长发育状况和种群参数的影响。【方法】在室内人工气候箱20±1℃,27±1℃和30±1℃(相对湿度和光周期分别为65%±10%和14L∶10D)条件下饲养斜纹夜蛾,观察和组建斜纹夜蛾在3种温度下的年龄-阶段两性生命表。【结果】斜纹夜蛾各个阶段的发育历期随温度升高变短,成虫产卵前期(adult preoviposition period,APOP)和总产卵前期(total preoviposition period,TPOP)同样表现为随温度升高而变短。此外,20±1℃处理的平均产卵量最高(1 810.36粒/雌),27±1℃处理次之(1 623.51粒/雌),30±1℃处理最低(1 084.60粒/雌)。斜纹夜蛾在不同温度条件下内禀增长率(r)、周限增长率(λ)和净增殖率(R0)有显著差异,20±1℃处理的r和λ显著低于27±1℃处理和30±1℃处理;27±1℃处理的R0显著大于20±1℃和30±1℃处理;20±1℃,27±1℃和30±1℃下平均世代周期(T)分别为52.51,30.63和26.87 d,依次减少且相互间差异显著(P0.05)。【结论】斜纹夜蛾在27±1℃和30±1℃温度条件下均表现出很强的增殖能力,该结果可为田间综合防治斜纹夜蛾提供理论依据。     

关于尾尖奇蒿(菊科-春黄菊族)合格发表问题的一条简注（英文）

尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Bangladesh J.Plant Taxon.18:203.2011”,而非“Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y.R.Ling,Phytotaxa 273:213.2016”。