实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔MIF、TNF-α和IL-6水平的研究

目的:对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血清中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子、肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-6含量进行分析,以探讨它们在冠心病发病过程中的意义。方法:研究对象为新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(10只)和实验组(10只)。对照组喂食基础饲料,实验组喂食高脂饲料(基础饲料中加入1%胆固醇 5%猪油)。均喂饲8周后采用ELISA法检测其血清MIF、TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果:组织病理切片结果显示实验组兔主动脉弓内膜增厚,动脉粥样斑块明显。与对照组比较,实验组MIF、TNF-α、IL-6水平均升高,其差别有显著性(p＜0．01)。结论:MIF、TNF-α、IL-6与动脉粥样硬化的发生有密切关系,这些细胞因子可通过相互诱导、相互协同共同参与冠心病的发生、发展过程。     

高脂饮食对小鼠脂质代谢和leptin基因表达水平的影响

目的建立高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖模型,分析高脂饲料对小鼠脂质代谢和leptin基因表达水平的影响。方法用高脂饲料饲喂小鼠,每周定时称重和断尾采血一次,分别测定血清中血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素和leptin的浓度;5周后,分离、称重小鼠体脂并提取腹部脂肪组织RNA,半定量RT-PCR分析leptin基因表达水平。结果从第2周开始,实验组小鼠体重明显高于对照组小鼠,4周后,体重差异显著（P〈0．05）;血清中血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素和leptin的含量随体重增加明显增高,4周后,差异显著（P〈0．05）;实验组体脂含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,半定量RT-PCR分析表明,肥胖小鼠脂肪组织leptin基因表达水平高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高脂饮食诱导可建立小鼠肥胖模型,并能够引起高胰岛素和高leptin血症,为进一步研究肥胖的发病机制奠定基础。     

具有降胆固醇功能益生菌的筛选研究

目的通过体外实验从发酵制品及人体肠道内分离筛选出安全高效的降胆固醇乳酸菌,并研究其生理生化特性,为今后功能性乳制品的开发提供优良菌种。方法应用MRS．胆固醇培养基液体发酵法进行目的菌株筛选,并测定其耐酸及耐胆盐等能力。结果筛选出4株具有降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,其降解率分别为DM8403163．1％、DM8403470．3％、DM850381．1％、DM8605663．1％;同时4株乳酸菌均表现出不同程度的耐酸及耐胆盐能力,其中DM86056能力最强,其他3株乳酸菌次之;经鉴定,DM84031为保加利亚乳杆菌、DM84034为嗜热链球菌、DM8503为詹氏乳杆菌、DN86056为屎肠球菌。结论经上述实验综合比较,DM86056降胆固醇能力比较强且耐酸及耐胆盐等能力也较强,因此有待于将其应用于动物体内进行深入研究。     

鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的探讨鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群的影响。方法选取（21±3）d日龄断奶SD大鼠96只,雌雄各半,随机分为2组,实验组饲喂添加0．5％鱼油的饲料,对照组饲喂正常饲料。分别于第7、14、21、28天处死各组大鼠12只,分别测定大鼠肝脏指数、胸腺指数及脾脏指数;应用梯度稀释法和培养法测定大鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、葡萄球菌。结果实验组第7天脾脏指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第28天肝脏指数和胸腺指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;实验组第7、14和21天肠道内肠杆菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第7天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第14天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,实验组大鼠肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量与对照组相比虽有所增高,但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论鱼油可以明显提高断奶大鼠的脏器指数,并且可通过增加断奶大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,降低肠道内肠杆菌和葡萄球菌数量,进而调节断奶大鼠的肠内菌群,改善肠道内环境。     

低温下饥饿胁迫对大黄鱼血清生化指标的影响

研究了在低温(13℃)下饥饿胁迫对9月龄大黄鱼血清生化指标的影响。将400尾大黄鱼随机分成两组,一组为实验组,不投喂饲料;另一组为对照组,定时投喂饲料。实验开始30 d后,测定大黄鱼11种血清生化指标。结果显示,实验组大黄鱼血清的尿酸(UA)、尿素(UREA)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),甘油三酯(TG)、钙离子(Ca2+)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);而白蛋白(ALB)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01);血糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、镁离子(Mg2+)含量在实验组与对照组之间则无显著性差异。实验组血清中的蛋白质代谢产物和脂类物质明显高于对照组,但是血糖和总蛋白含量没有显著差异。     

乳酸菌对高脂小鼠降胆固醇作用的研究

目的探讨乳酸菌对高脂小鼠降胆固醇的作用。方法对昆明小鼠饲喂高脂饲料14 d建立高脂小鼠模型,确定模型建立成功后用1株经体外实验证实具有降胆固醇效果的乳酸菌对小鼠灌胃,测定小鼠经灌胃14、28 d的脏器指数、血清胆固醇含量和肝脏胆固醇含量。结果灌胃组小鼠脏器指数明显低于高脂组小鼠,且对于血清和肝脏胆固醇含量具有明显的降低作用。结论该菌株具有降低血清胆固醇,抑制肝脏胆固醇堆积的功能,为将来利用该菌株制作出降胆固醇功能的食品或药品提供实验基础。     

屎肠球菌DM891129菌株对大鼠高血脂症的调节作用

对屎肠球菌DM 891129 菌株进行调节血脂作用的功能实验。实验动物采用二级w istar 雄性大鼠,饲以高胆固醇脂饲料再同时饲以本活菌制剂。14 和28 天后,分别测定大鼠血清胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三脂(TG)和血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL- C)。实验结果显示:实验组中高中低剂量组血清胆固醇浓度比对照组低(P< 0.05);血清TG 浓度、血清HDL- C 浓度、体重实验组与对照组相比组内和组间差异不明显。结果表明:与饲以高脂饲料的对照组大鼠相比,实验组的大鼠血清TC 浓度明显低于对照组(P< 0.05)。实验结果证实屎肠球菌具有调节大鼠血脂的作用     

白腹锦鸡机体营养成分的分析与探讨

本文报道笼养和野生白腹锦鸡机体营养成分及其差异。分析表明,笼养的比野生种营养成分含量高的有:腿肌蛋白质高11％,胸肌、腿肌、全血的氨基酸分别高2.64％,1.39％和4.68％,胸肌、腿肌和肝脏的碳水化合物分别高0.076％、0.092％和3.962％,胸肌和腿肌的维生素A分别高188.63和84.09 I.U.,胸肌和腿肌的维生素D分别高47.2和12.8 I.U.。但是胸肌蛋白质含量笼养的比野生的低26％。     

肠球菌WZM05对高胆固醇血症小鼠载脂蛋白的影响

目的探讨肠球菌WZM05对高胆固醇血症小鼠血清学指标及高胆固醇血症形成的影响。方法采用灌胃法建立小鼠高胆固醇血症模型及肠球菌实验组（10^6、10^8、10^9CFU／m1）,实验40d后,进行血清血脂水平检测及载脂蛋白A1（apoAI）、载脂蛋白B（apoB）测定。结果肠球菌组的血清总胆固醇明显降低,高密度脂蛋白明显升高（P〈0．01）,血清apoAI升高及apoB降低（P〈0．05）。结论肠球菌WZM05具有降脂、调脂作用。     

灵芝发酵茶降低小鼠血清总胆固醇作用简报

报道灵芝发酵茶降低小鼠血清总胆固醇含量作用。试验采用BABL／c雄性小鼠,按体重随机分组,设高、中、低三个剂量和对照组,高、中、低三个剂量的试验组每天分别以4．198g／kg、3．358g/kg、2．798g/kg三个剂量灌服灵芝发酵茶提取液一次,对照组每天则以生理盐水灌服1次,连续给药10d,每天喂养高脂饲料。末次给药30min后,采用酶法测定小鼠血清总胆固醇含量。结果中剂量组试验小鼠血清总胆固醇含量和体重与对照相比分别降低了37．1％和7．7％。试验表明一定剂量的灵芝发酵茶对小鼠血清总胆固醇含量和体重的降低有显著作用。     

超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润与血脂、脂肪肝的关系研究

目的：探讨超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润与血脂、脂肪肝的关系。方法：回顾性分析63例胰腺脂肪浸润者与148例同期检查无胰腺脂肪浸润者的病历资料,研究胰腺脂肪浸润的超声特点以及与脂肪肝、血脂浓度、年龄、血压等的关系。结果：胰腺脂肪浸润超声显示为胰腺饱满,边缘模糊,回声增强且明显强于肝脏,与正常胰腺超声影像容易鉴别。胰腺脂肪浸润组血浆甘油三酯浓度2．17±1．22mmol／L,比非浸润组的1．35±1．06mmol／L明显高（P〈0．05）,胰腺脂肪浸润组患者100％（63／63）合并脂肪肝明显高于非浸润组的20．95％（31／148）（P〈0．05）。二组在胆固醇浓度、高血压发病率及年龄方面无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：胰腺脂肪浸润与脂肪肝、血浆甘油三酯浓度有着一定的相关性,超声诊断胰腺脂肪浸润对于提示其他相关疾病与异常的存在具有重要临床参考价值。     

The ability of genetically lean or fat slow-growing chickens to synthesize and store lipids is not altered by the dietary energy source

The increasing use of unconventional feedstuffs in chicken’s diets results in the substitution of starch by lipids as the main dietary energy source. To evaluate the responses of genetically fat or lean chickens to these diets, males of two experimental lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content were fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets with either high lipid (80 g/kg), high fiber (64 g/kg) contents (HL), or low lipid (20 g/kg), low fiber (21 g/kg) contents (LL) from 22 to 63 days of age. The diet had no effect on growth performance and did not affect body composition evaluated at 63 days of age. Glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolisms in the liver and glycogen storage in liver and Sartorius muscle at 63 days of age were greater in chicken fed LL diet compared with chicken fed HL diet. In Pectoralis major (PM) muscle, energy metabolisms and glycogen content were not different between diets. There were no dietary-associated differences in lipid contents of the liver, muscles and abdominal fat. However, the percentages of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in tissue lipids were generally higher, whereas percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower for diet LL than for diet HL. The fat line had a greater feed intake and average daily gain, but gain to feed ratio was lower in that line compared with the lean line. Fat chickens were heavier than lean chickens at 63 days of age. Their carcass fatness was higher and their muscle yield was lower than those of lean chickens. The oxidative enzyme activities in the liver were lower in the fat line than in the lean line, but line did not affect energy metabolism in muscles. The hepatic glycogen content was not different between lines, whereas glycogen content and glycolytic potential were higher in the PM muscle of fat chickens compared with lean chickens. Lipid contents in the liver, muscles and abdominal fat did not differ between lines, but fat chickens stored less MUFA and more PUFA in abdominal fat and muscles than lean chickens. Except for the fatty acid composition of liver and abdominal fat, no interaction between line and diet was observed. In conclusion, the amount of lipids stored in muscles and fatty tissues by lean or fat chickens did not depend on the dietary energy source.     

Effect of serum from chickens treated with clenbuterol on myosin accumulation, β-adrenergic receptor population, and cyclic AMP synthesis in embryonic chicken skeletal muscle cell cultures

Broiler chickens at 35 d of age were fed 1 ppm clenbuterol for 14 d. This level of dietary clenbuterol led to 5-7% increases in the weights of leg and breast muscle tissue. At the end of the 14-d period, serum was prepared from both control and clenbuterol-treated chickens, and was then employed as a component of cell culture media at a final concentration of 20% (v/v). Muscle cell cultures were prepared from both the leg and the breast muscle groups of 12-d chick embryos. Treatment groups included control chicken serum to which 10 nM, 50 nM, and 1 microM clenbuterol had been added, as well as cells grown in media containing 10% horse serum. Cultures were subjected to each treatment for 3 d, beginning on the seventh d in culture. Neither the percent fusion nor the number of nuclei in myotubes was significantly affected by any of the treatments. The quantity of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) was not increased by serum from clenbuterol-treated chickens in either breast or leg muscle cultures; however, the MHC quantity was 50-150% higher in cultures grown in control chicken serum to which 10 and 50 nM clenbuterol had also been added. The beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) population was 4000-7000 betaARs per cell in cultures grown in chicken serum, with leg muscle cultures having approximately 25-30% more receptors than breast muscle cultures. Receptor population was not significantly affected by the presence of clenbuterol or by the presence of serum from clenbuterol-treated chickens. In contrast, the betaAR population in leg and breast muscle cultures grown in the presence of 10% horse serum was 16,000-18,000 betaARs per cell. Basal concentration of cyclic adenosine 3':5'monophosphate (cAMP) was not significantly affected by the treatments. When cultures grown in chicken serum were stimulated for 10 min with 1 microM isoproterenol, limited increases of 12-20% in cAMP concentration above the basal levels were observed. However, when cultures grown in the presence of horse serum were stimulated with 1 microM isoproterenol, cAMP concentration was stimulated 5- to 9-fold above the basal levels. Thus, not only did cells grown in horse serum have a higher betaAR population, but also each receptor had a higher capacity for cAMP synthesis following isoproterenol stimulation. Finally, the hypothesis that clenbuterol exerts its action on muscle protein content by changes in cAMP concentration was tested. No correlation was apparent between basal cAMP concentration and MHC content.     

富硒大豆多肽对高脂致大鼠脂肪肝和抗氧化功能的影响

目的：探讨富硒大豆多肽改善高脂所致脂肪肝大鼠肝抗氧化功能的影响及机制。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠分成4组（n=10）,分别饲喂标准饲料＋水（NC）、标准饲料＋富硒大豆多肽液（SeN）、高脂饲料＋水（HC）、高脂饲料＋富硒大豆多肽液（SeH）,10周后处死,用苏丹Ⅲ染色肝脏组织切片观察脂肪变性程度,免疫组织化学方法测定肝组织葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）表达情况,并分析其肝功能、血脂及血清和肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化情况。结果：HC组在血清TC、TG水平、肝脏脂肪化程度、GRP78表达情况都明显高于NC、SeN、SeH组（P〈0.01）。SeH组血清和肝组织中MDA含量较HC组降低（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px、SOD活性升高。NC和SeN两组各项指标之间无明显差异。结论：富硒大豆多肽能有效提高脂肪肝大鼠肝内抗氧化酶活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应,降低肝组织内GRP78表达。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract on the growth performance,lipid profile,antioxidant status and immune response of broiler chickens

Grape seed extracts (GSE) contain several beneficial bioactive constituents; therefore, can be utilized as a potential feed additive in broiler chickens. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of broiler chicken diets with GSE as a natural antioxidant at levels of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm on the growth performance, serum lipid profile, liver glutathione-reduced, thigh muscle malondialdehyde and humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus vaccines. This experiment was performed during the life-span of chickens from 0 to 42 days of age. The results of broilers fed on diet supplemented by GSE were compared with those fed on the basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented by butylated hydroxytoluene as a synthetic antioxidant (BHT, 125 ppm). No significant differences were observed in the growth performance, percent livability, total lipid, high and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterols when the use of GSE or BHT were compared with the control. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased after intake of GSE compared with BHT in the feed diet. The glutathione-reduced level in liver tissues was significantly increased by inclusion of GSE, but not by BHT. Inclusion of GSE or BHT decreased significantly the malondialdehyde level found in meat tissue. The antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus vaccines was significantly elevated in 28 and 35-day-old broiler chickens fed with a diet supplemented with GSE or BHT, the former providing a higher response. It can be concluded that GSE can be used as an effective natural antioxidant and immunostimulant agent in broiler chicken diets, and that 125 to 250 ppm can be considered as the optimum dosage.     

不同脂肪源对管角螺生长和体成分的影响

在基础配合饲料中添加（4％）不同脂肪源[鱼油、猪油、豆油、花生油、混合油I（鱼油：豆油=1：1）、混合油Ⅱ（鱼油：猪油：豆油：花生油=1：1：1：1）]配制成6组实验饲料,对体重（2．23±0．05）g的管角螺幼螺进行60d的饲养试验。结果表明,鱼油组摄食率（34．10g／d·ind·10^3）、增重率（64．33％）和特定生长率（0．79％）最高,与混合油I组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,并显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,最低的为猪油组;肝体比没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,猪油组最高（1．33）,混合油I组最低（1．22）;饲料转化率和存活率没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;鱼油组粗蛋白含量（肌肉：18．35％;肝脏：17．55％）显著高于猪油组、豆油组、花生油组和混合油Ⅱ组,猪油组（2．96％）和鱼油组（2．86％）肝脏粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）,水分和灰分没有显著差异（P〉0．05）;鱼油组EPA（肌肉：4．44％;肝脏：5．89％）和DHA（肌肉：4．53％;肝脏：5．65％）含量,n-3／n-6（肌肉：1．57;肝脏：1．69）均最高．与混合油I组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。从人体健康和生产角度来说,以混合油I作为管角螺脂肪源不但可以得到较好的生长效果,还可以节约饲料成本。     

Dietary vitamin E supplementation affects tissue lipid peroxidation of hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E contents on the growth, ascorbate induced iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in post-mortem muscle and liver tissue, and Raman spectral changes in lens of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus). Experimental fish were fed practical diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, 450 and 700 mg alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet for 14 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio among fish fed test diets (P>0.05). Protein content of fish fed diet containing the lowest vitamin E level was the lowest (P<0.05) among all groups. No difference was found in other body constituents among test fish (P>0.05). The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances produced by iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in muscle and liver tissue of fish fed the diet without alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those from fish fed diets containing higher levels of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Dietary vitamin E supplementation increased the antioxidant capability of tilapia tissues against lipid peroxidation. Further, dietary vitamin E supplementation also influenced the lens cortical membrane structure of tilapia.     

吸入一氧化碳防治肢体缺血／再灌注所致肝脏损伤的实验研究

目的：观察吸入外源性一氧化碳（CO）对肢体缺血／再灌注（I／R）所致肝脏损伤的防治作用。方法：健康SD大鼠100只,随机分为假手术（S）、假手术吸入CO（SC）、I／R、I／R吸入CO（RC）组。通过夹闭股动脉4h、再开放6—72h、10d复制肢体L／R致肝脏损伤模型。S、I／R组吸入普通医用空气,SC、RC组吸入含CO（体积分数为0．05％）的医用空气。光镜观察肝组织病理学变化,全自动生化分析仪检测血谷丙转氨酶（GPT）,流式细胞仪检测肝细胞凋亡百分比及bax、bcl-2的表达水平。结果：S组与SC组比较,各项观察指标无显著差别;与SC组比较,I/R及RC组肝组织呈病理改变,血清GPT及肝细胞凋亡百分比明显升高;I／R组肝细胞bax蛋白的表达水平明显升高。和L／R组相比。RC组肝组织损伤程度减轻,血清GPT、肝细胞凋亡百分比及bax蛋白的表达水平明显降低,而肝细胞bcl-2蛋白的表达水平显著升高。结论：吸入适量外源性CO对肢体I／R所致肝脏损伤有防治效应。