基于锁式探针技术快速检测玉米细菌性枯萎病菌和玉米内州萎蔫病菌

目的:建立一种检测玉米细菌性枯萎病菌和玉米内州萎蔫病菌的方法,为同时检测这2种检疫性细菌提供技术手段。方法:基于靶标序列设计2种检疫性细菌的锁式探针,与靶标菌进行连接消化反应,然后采用通用引物进行滚环扩增,其产物与偶联上对应捕获探针的微球进行杂交,最后通过液相悬浮芯片二重检测。结果:该检测方法能够有效地检测2种检疫性细菌,其检测阈值为103CFU/m L,具有良好的可重复性。结论:建立了一种快速、灵敏的玉米细菌性枯萎病菌和玉米内州萎蔫病菌的二重检测方法。     

玉米细菌性枯萎病及其病原菌的检测技术

玉米细菌性枯萎病是影响玉米生产的重要病害 ,该病害通过带菌的种子进行远距离传播 ,对该病菌的检测成为防止和控制该病害的重要手段。介绍现有的检测该病菌的各种方法 ,即黑色素选择培养法、double sandwichELISA以及RAPD PCR ,LCR PCR ,Nested PCR ,multiplePCR和荧光实时PCR等分子生物学检测方法 ,并对这些方法的特性进行比较和探讨。     

黄瓜细菌性白枯病菌特异性抗体制备及其ELISA检测方法的建立

目的:制备黄瓜细菌性白枯病菌特异性抗体,建立其酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)的检测方法.方法:分别以黄瓜细菌性白枯病菌胞内蛋白和菌体为免疫原,制备两再种抗体,优化间接ELISA检测条件.结果:间接ELISA法测定两种纯化的菌体抗体(J4)和胞内蛋白抗体(P2)效价分别为1:32000和1:4000,二抗的最佳稀释度为1:3000,方阵试验表明J4的工作浓度为1:16000,抗原的最佳包被浓度为10<'6>cfu/ml,P2的工作浓度为1:2000,抗原的最佳包被浓度为10<'7>cfu/ml,两种抗体的灵敏度均为10<'5>cfu/ml,与黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌等26个菌株无交叉反应,特异性强.结论:成功制备了黄瓜细菌性白枯病菌特异性抗体,建立了ELISA检测方法.     

改良DAS-Dot-ELISA检测西瓜细菌性果斑病菌

以硝酸纤维素膜为载体,对Dot-ELISA法的封闭条件、包被抗体浓度、点样量等反应条件进行优化,建立改良DAS-Dot-ELISA法快速检测西瓜细菌性果斑病菌。研究发现,以含乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)的脱脂奶粉液高温处理后用于封闭,可有效降低背景;轻微振荡可提高杂交效率,减少非特异性结合。改良DAS-Dot-ELISA可快速、经济的检测西瓜果斑病菌,灵敏度达1.9×105CFU/mL。在对两批次种子样品的检测中,改良DAS-Dot-ELISA法检测带菌率分别为8.0%和6.0%,与微孔板ELISA结果完全一致;对每粒种子的检测结果,改良DAS-Dot-ELISA法与微孔板ELISA吻合率平均达99.0%,显示较好的实用前景,同时为快速检测西瓜果斑病菌提供一种新途径。     

玉米内州萎蔫病菌免疫学检测方法的建立

以玉米内州萎蔫病菌单抗(4H4和4G12)为基础,纯化抗体后,进行亚类鉴定、效价及特异性测定。比较间接ELISA和双单抗夹心ELISA(DAS-ELISA)的检测灵敏度,并应用于玉米种子中萎蔫病菌的检测。结果表明,两株单克隆抗体(0.4g/L)效价均可达1:256000,亚类鉴定结果分别为IgG2a和IgG2b,轻链均为K链。与供试的16株非目标细菌均无交叉反应。DAS-ELISA对萎蔫病菌种子悬浮液的检测灵敏度为1.0×109CFU/L,在此基础上建立了灵敏、特异的玉米内州萎蔫病菌双单抗DAS-ELISA检测方法。     

农杆菌介导的棉花枯萎病菌转化体系的优化

【背景】海岛棉相对陆地棉更易感枯萎病,一旦发生很难根治,使得枯萎病逐渐成为威胁新疆海岛棉产业发展的主要病害,但其致病机理目前还不是十分明确。【目的】揭示棉花枯萎病菌的遗传变异和致病机理,同时获得带有绿色荧光蛋白(Green Fluorescent Protein,GFP)标记的棉花枯萎病菌转化子用于观察其侵染海岛棉的途径。【方法】采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化(Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation,ATMT)方法,对棉花枯萎病菌7号生理小种st89进行了遗传转化并对转化条件进行优化。【结果】农杆菌介导的遗传转化法转化棉花枯萎病菌的最佳条件为:150 mg/L的潮霉素浓度能完全抑制棉花枯萎病菌的生长,浓度为200 mg/L的头孢噻肟钠能完全抑制农杆菌LBA4404生长,农杆菌起始浓度OD₆₀₀为0.2,农杆菌预培养时间为8 h,棉花枯萎病菌分生孢子浓度为10⁵个/mL,枯萎病菌孢子悬液和农杆菌LBA4404比例为1:1,乙酰丁香酮浓度为200μmol/mL,共培养时间为4 d,转化后培养温...     

抗虫耐除草剂玉米GH5112E-117C定性PCR检测方法

转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米GH5112E-117C是由北京奥瑞金公司研发的转mG2-aroA基因和mcry1Ah基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米新品系,对玉米螟、粘虫等鳞翅目害虫具有抗性、耐草甘膦除草剂的转基因玉米,在我国具有重要产业化应用前景。本文研发了GH5112E-117C转基因玉米的定性PCR检测方法,该方法能特异性地检测转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米GH5112E-117C,在每个反应引物浓度为0.2 μmol/L、Taq DNA 聚合酶0.625 U、DNA模板50 ng,退火温度为58℃的条件下,检测灵敏度可稳定达到0.1%。该方法为转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米GH5112E-117C的精准检测提供了一种新的技术手段,为农业转基因监管提供技术支撑。     

炭样小单孢菌产抗生素对水稻细菌性条斑病菌的抗菌作用及其机理

【背景】水稻细菌性条斑病菌为水稻细菌性条斑病的病原菌,土壤中分离到的一株具有广谱抗菌活性的炭样小单孢菌JXNU-1,其发酵产物(即抗生素JX)对植物病原菌具有较强的抑菌活性。【目的】研究抗生素JX对水稻细菌性条斑病菌的抗菌作用及其机理。【方法】采用杯碟法测定抑菌圈大小,二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度,并且从菌体形态观察、电导率变化、培养液大分子漏出、蛋白质合成、核酸合成和膜电位变化6个方面探究其作用机理。【结果】抗生素JX对水稻细菌性条斑病菌的抑菌圈直径达18.84±0.28mm,最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为1.39μg/m L和2.78μg/mL,且杀菌速度很快,作用12 h的杀菌率达100%。在抗生素JX作用下,水稻细菌性条斑病菌的细胞形态发生改变,培养液电导率、膜电位和大分子漏出量均随抗生素浓度增加而增大,但菌体蛋白质含量随着抗生素浓度增加而降低,同时,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测发现ef-p表达量下调。【结论】抗生素JX对水稻细菌性条斑病菌具有较强的抗菌作用,推测其抑菌机理是通过抑制菌体蛋白质的生物合成和影响细胞膜完整性而起作用。     

无色杆菌77的基因组构成及其趋化和耐药特性北大核心CSCD

无色杆菌77(Achromobacter sp.77)是黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,Foc)菌丝际优势细菌,可随Foc菌丝迁移且状态活跃。为明确菌株77在Foc菌丝际的定殖机理,本研究在分析菌株77全基因组构成基础上,研究了其趋化特性和耐药性。Illumina Hiseq+PacBio测序分析表明,菌株77基因组全长5 868 070 bp,仅含1条染色体,GC含量为65.89%。在KEGG、COG和GO数据库分别注释到2 696、4 862和4 212个基因。菌株77基因组中含mcp、che、mot等重要趋化基因;通过CARD数据库注释,发现含有drr、emr等抗生素耐药外排泵基因、抗生素耐药基因簇以及多种抗生素的抗性基因。抗生素敏感性实验表明,菌株77对浓度低于300 μg/mL的氯霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素以及浓度低于50 μg/mL的四环素均有抗性,是一株多重耐药菌株。采用改良的游动平板法测定菌株77的趋化特性,结果表明,菌株77对1 mmol/L对羟基苯乙酸、水杨酸、α-酮戊二酸、延胡索酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸等多种根分泌物和真菌分泌物组分具有明显的趋化响应;0.5 mmol/L的上述化合物和0.5-1 mmol/L的镰刀菌酸可促进菌株77的生长。上述研究结果说明菌株77对根分泌物或真菌分泌物具有趋化和利用能力,是连作条件下无色杆菌属细菌在枯萎病菌菌丝际丰度升高的重要原因。     

木霉(Trichoderma spp.)对三种引起大棚蔬菜病害病原菌的影响

通过木霉属(Trichoderma) 3菌株与双鸭山蔬菜大棚中的黄瓜枯萎病菌(FusariumoxysporumSchlecht.f.cucumerinum)、黄瓜果腐病菌(PhytophthoracapsiciLeonian)、菜豆叶枯病菌(Cladosporiumsp .)的对峙培养试验,结果表明:绿色木霉1(TrichodermaviridePers.exGray 1)可作为双鸭山蔬菜大棚中的黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜果腐病、菜豆叶枯病3种病害的生物防治拮抗菌加以利用,该拮抗菌对菜豆叶枯病菌抑制效果最好;绿色木霉2 (Tricho dermaviride 2 )对黄瓜果腐病菌抑制效果最好;而哈茨木霉(TrichodermaharzianumRifai)对以上3种病原菌都有抑制效果,对菜豆叶枯病菌抑制效果最好。从试验结果还可看出,绿色木霉2对黄瓜枯萎病菌和菜豆叶枯病菌的生长有促进作用。     

Further studies on the effect of aldosterone on electrical resistance of toad bladder

The fall in transepithelial electrical resistance which accompanies aldosterone stimulation of short-circuit current ($\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>sc</mtext>}}$) in toad urinary bladder has been studied further to evaluate the possible causal role of this response in hormonal stimulation of Na⁺ transport. A steady-state change in tissue conductance was found to depend upon both the simultaneous stimulation of transport by the steroid and the metabolic state of the tissue. Changes in metabolic state alone did not alter resistance. A sustained increase in Na⁺ transport, dependent on pretreatment with aldosterone and elicited by addition of glucose, could be obtained without a sustained decrease in resistance. Amiloride, an inhibitor of Na⁺ uptake, produced changes in $\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>sc</mtext>}}$ that were linearly correlated with its effects on tissue conductance. On the basis of the $\text{conductance}\text{-I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>sc</mtext>}}$ relationship with amiloride, the $\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>sc</mtext>}}$ response to aldosterone was about two-fold higher than would be predicted from its effects on conductance alone. Despite the apparent lack of a simple quantitative dependence of the change in $\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>sc</mtext>}}$ on the change in conductance when the response is fully developed, the results suggest that conductance changes may mediate the initial or early stage of the response.     

Multi-state epidemic processes on complex networks

Infectious diseases are practically represented by models with multiple states and complex transition rules corresponding to, for example, birth, death, infection, recovery, disease progression, and quarantine. In addition, networks underlying infection events are often much more complex than described by meanfield equations or regular lattices. In models with simple transition rules such as the SIS and SIR models, heterogeneous contact rates are known to decrease epidemic thresholds. We analyse steady states of various multi-state disease propagation models with heterogeneous contact rates. In many models, heterogeneity simply decreases epidemic thresholds. However, in models with competing pathogens and mutation, coexistence of different pathogens for small infection rates requires network-independent conditions in addition to heterogeneity in contact rates. Furthermore, models without spontaneous neighbor-independent state transitions, such as cyclically competing species, do not show heterogeneity effects.     

The effect of estradiol on isolated rat uterine motility and on prostaglandin generation

The motility of isolated uterine horns as well as the generation of PGE and PGF like material by the uterus from estrus and spayed rats, treated or untreated with 17-beta estradicl, were studied. Following 40 minutes of mounting the spontaneous motility of uteri from estrus rats had a lower magnitude than that from spayed ones. The amount of PGF-like material was similar in both groups whereas the first one liberated less PGE-like substance. In spayed animals treated with 1 μg of 17-beta estradiol the decay of spontaneous contractile force was higher than that observed in untreated rats, and similar to that displayed by uteri from estrus. Less PGE-like material was liberated in comparison with spayed animals and a tendency to produce higher quantity of PGF-like compounds was observed, although the level was not significantly different. With 50 μg of 17-beta estradiol the spontaneous reduction of contractile activity was higher than in spayed animals and than in those treated with 1 μg. The amount of PGF-like material liberated was higher than in spayed rats and less PGE-like substance was generated comparing with spayed and 1 μg-treated animals. These findings show that estradiol decreases the release of PGE-like compound. It would also appear that this may have some relationship with the levels of spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated rat uterus.     

Man's impact on a newly formed reservoir

A newly formed reservoir in the southwestern part of the United States was analyzed for man's impact on the eutrophication of the impoundment. The analysis of the ¹⁴C net productivity (mg ¹²C/m² per day) indicated that the area studied was naturally eutrophic. Significant differences in net production were observed among the sites, as the area where man's recreational activities are highly concentrated had a significantly higher production rate than the other sites investigated. Mean monthly estimate of production for all the sites, and monthly and yearly estimates for the area studied are also included.     

关于兰科若干亚族的分类问题

本文对兰科中9个亚族的分类问题进行了探讨,并发表了5个新亚族：宽距兰亚族Subtrib Yoaniinae、肉药兰亚族Subtrib．Sterosandrinae、紫茎兰亚族Subtrib．Risleyinae、坛花兰亚族Subtrib．A- canthephippiinae和筒瓣兰亚族Subtrib．Anthegoiinae。     

两种过路黄的核型研究

对国产报春花科珍珠菜属植物过路黄和疏节过路黄的核型进行了首次报道。过路黄染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋１２ｔ,核型类型“３Ａ”;疏节过路黄染色体数目为２ｎ＝２２,核型公式为２ｎ＝２２＝４ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋１０ｔ,核型类型“３Ａ”。     

The effect of acid pH and citrate on the release and exchange of iron on rat transferrin

The effect of acid pH and citrate on the exchange of iron between binding sites of rat transferrin has been studied. In the absence of citrate, diferric transferrin shows stepwise loss of iron atoms with the first atom of iron released at approximately pH 5.2. Citrate at physiologic concentrations (1 · 10^?3 M) or greater allows random iron removal at pH 6.5 or less. Iron dissociation from monoferric transferrin at acid pH, with or without citrate, is a random process. At pH 7.4, randomization of iron on transferrin takes from 3 to 6 h in the presence of millimolar concentrations of citrate. We conclude that at acid pH and in the presence of citrate concentrations likely to occur in vivo in the rat there is little scrambling of iron bound to transferrin.     

自分泌生长因子对早期胚胎体外发育的影响(简报)

生长因子(Growth Factors,GFs)对于调节哺乳动物胚胎的早期发育和分化起着重要作用,这些GFs存在于雌性生殖道,也可由胚胎自身合成。正是由于这种自分泌GFs的存在,使我们可以通过改变胚胎培养密度或添加外源性GFs来定性或定量研究GFs对胚胎发育和分化的影响,对于了解GFs在分子水平上的作用途径和机制有着重要的意义。     

甘肃锦鸡儿（Caragana kansuensis Pojark.）及其易混种的分类学探讨

对甘肃锦鸡儿（Caragana kansuensis Pojark.）及其易混种进行了探讨,认为甘肃锦鸡儿与短脚锦鸡儿（C.brachypoda Pojark.）是两个不同的物种。在陕西北部、山西西北部等地被鉴定为甘肃锦鸡儿的类群,实为错误鉴定,其与甘蒙锦鸡儿（C.opulens Kom.）相近,区别在于前者小叶较狭,两面被毛较密,背面干后常发红色,也与白毛锦鸡儿(C.licentiana Hand.-Mazz.)相近,区别在于前者叶柄较长,小叶较长而狭,荚果近光滑。同意赵一之教授的观点,将其作为C.opulens的一个变异类型处理,发表新变种狭叶甘蒙锦鸡儿（C.opulens Kom. var. angustifolia Y. Z. Zhao ex Zhao. Y. Chang et F. C. Shi）。