NPY样免疫反应在蝾螈发育过程中神经系统的定位研究

用免疫组化方法研究在蝾螈胚胎发育中神经肽Y(NPY)在神经系统中的定位.结果表明NPY最早分布在周边神经系统(尾芽晚期),之后才在中枢神经系统出现(幼虫期),而且是随着胶质细胞的出现而出现的.我们认为NPY是随着神经嵴细胞的迁移而进入周边神经系统,再分布到中枢神经系统的.     

免疫组织化学方法检测脑红蛋白在大鼠中枢神经系统的分布

目的 探讨脑红蛋白（NGB）基因在中枢神经系统中的分布。方法 用免疫组织化学ABC法研究了NGB蛋白在成年大鼠脑内的分布和定位。结果 NGB蛋白在成年大鼠脑中有非常广泛的表达。其分布区域包括大脑皮质,海马,丘脑和下丘脑的部分核团,脑桥及小脑,NGB免疫反应阳性物质定位于神经元的细胞质。结论 NGB蛋白在大鼠脑中有非常广泛的表达,提示NGB基因在中枢神经系统的功能活动中可能起重要作用。     

一种模拟昆虫视觉系统并行信息处理功能的光学实现

本文提出了一种新的模拟生物视觉神经系统并行信息处理功能的光学方法,它采用了昆虫复眼透镜阵列处理器和非相干光源实现图像矩阵正交变换,它为光神经计算提供了一种可能实现的新途径.     

日本血吸虫胆碱酯酶的组织化学定位

血吸虫的胆碱酯酶(ChE)与血吸虫神经介质的传递、肌肉活动以及与其它物质代谢均有密切关系,也是抗血吸虫药物作用的靶子之一。1959年沈美玲等进行了药物对日本血吸虫乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力的研究。最近,姚民一等(1981)采用等电聚焦电泳分离出日本血吸虫胆碱酯酶的同功酶。然而有关血吸虫胆碱酯酶的组织化学定位研究主要限于曼氏血吸虫(Pepler,1958;Lewert等,1965;Fripp,1967;Bueding等,1967;Bruckner等,1974;Diconza等,1975)除Bueding简单述及日本血吸虫成虫的AChE外,迄今国内外尚无日本血吸虫CbE的组化资料,而且日本血吸虫的神经系统也未被专门观察。由于ChE的组化定位能细致地显示出血吸虫的神经系统构造,并能进一步提     

大白鼠脑中表达低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体的神经元可吸收含脱辅基蛋白E(ApoE)的脂蛋白

用组织荧光和免疫细胞化学相结合法研究含脱辅基蛋白E(ApoE)的脂蛋白是否可被中枢神经元所吸收。实验结果如下: 1.含ApoE的脂蛋白仅被注射针迹附近的神经元所吸收。 2.只有表达出低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体的神经元才能吸收含ApoE的脂蛋白。 3.不能表达LDL受体的神经元不能吸收含ApoE的脂蛋白。 实验结果表明,含ApoE的脂蛋白、LDL受体的表达及ApoE-LDL受体的相互作用是哺乳动物中枢神经系统内实现胆固醇运输和维持胆固醇代谢平衡的重要机制。     

大白鼠脑中表达低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体的神经元可吸收含脱辅基蛋白E(ApoE)的脂蛋白

用组织荧光和免疫细胞化学相结合法研究含脱辅基蛋白E(ApoE)的脂蛋白是否可被中枢神经元所吸收。实验结果如下: 1.含ApoE的脂蛋白仅被注射针迹附近的神经元所吸收。 2.只有表达出低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体的神经元才能吸收含ApoE的脂蛋白。 3.不能表达LDL受体的神经元不能吸收含ApoE的脂蛋白。 实验结果表明,含ApoE的脂蛋白、LDL受体的表达及ApoE-LDL受体的相互作用是哺乳动物中枢神经系统内实现胆固醇运输和维持胆固醇代谢平衡的重要机制。     

猕猴神经系统器官蛋白水解酶种类和性质研究

实验以太行山猕猴为材料,用活性电脉（Ｇ－ＰＡＧＥ）方法分析研究了神经系统中蛋白水解酶的种类、活性及ｐＨ依赖性,结果表明：（１）神经系统各部分均具有３１、３０、２９ｋｕ三种酸性蛋白水解酶;（２）９４ｋｕ的中性蛋不解酶普遍存在于神经系统各器官中;（３）在中性和碱性条件下,坐骨神经中蛋白水解酶活性较强,其余部分生微弱。     

东亚三角头涡虫一氧化氮合酶的组织化学定位初步研究

采用一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）组织化学定位方法研究了三角涡虫的ＮＯＳ的分布。结果表明,三角涡虫的咽部具有ＮＯＳ分布,在神经系统中未发现ＮＯＳ分布。推测咽部ＮＯＳ可能与其摄食有关。     

改良免疫细胞化学法显示新生猫视网膜的多巴胺能无长突细胞

ABC(卵白素-生物素-辣根过氧化物酶复合物)免疫组化法是一种新的形态和功能相结合的神经科学研究方法。我们将ABC法应用于视网膜发育研究时,在增加膜的渗透性和减少组织底色方面进行了改良。用此改良方法显示了新生猫视网膜内多巴胺能无长突细胞,并将其与成年者进行比较。     

婴儿巨细胞病毒感染31例临床及治疗观察

目的：探讨婴儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的临床特点及治疗。方法：对经酶免疫斑点技术确诊的31例小儿CMV感染,总结其临床特点并选用丙氧鸟苷治疗。结果：高胆红素血症占58．06％,支气管肺炎占25．80％,中枢神经系统损害占16．13％。31例均给丙氧鸟苷治疗,疗程3～8w,结果25例痊愈,5例好转,1例死亡。结论：婴儿巨细胞病毒感染以高胆红素血症、支气管肺炎及中枢神经系统损害为主;丙氧鸟苷是治疗小儿CMV感染的首选药物。     

THE VALUE OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN NEUROLOGY

By detection of muscular fibrillation, a sign of motor nerve impairment, through electromyography, diseases of the motor nervous system can be distinguished from muscular disorders, malingering, and psychoneurotic states. The site of lesion can be determined and the degree of impairment and progress of recovery can be estimated. The method has been used successfully in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, poliomyelitis, peripheral neuritis and neuronitis, and root compression syndrome, as also for indirect evidence in muscular dystrophy and other myopathic conditions.     

用亲和素-生物素复合物法研究流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染小鼠中枢神经系统后的抗原定位

利用亲和素-生物素免疫组织化学技术,研究了流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)病毒抗原(P3,A2株)感染小鼠中枢神经系统后的定位。观察到乙脑病毒抗原分布具有一定选择性,主要集中在脑干、小脑、间脑和大脑皮质。病变分布与H-E常规病理染色一致。该方法敏感、特异。同时比较了兔免疫血清与乙脑单克隆抗体的应用效果。对组织化学冰冻切片漂浮法诊断病毒抗原进行了探讨。     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SITES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE DOG

Abstract— The concentration of muscarinic receptors has been measured in 22 areas of the dog nervous system by measuring the atropine-sensitive uptake of tritium-labelled propylbenzilylcholine mustard. The highest concentration of receptor was found in the caudate nucleus, intermediate concentrations were found in five areas of cerebral cortex, the other basal ganglia and the superior colliculus. Significant concentrations were found in the corpus callosum and subcortical white matter, and are believed to be on axons derived from cholinoceptive neurons. The results are discussed in relation to other evidence concerning cholinergic transmission in the nervous system.     

钩端螺旋体病神经系统后发症患者L型检测及其意义

为探讨钩端螺旋体病神经系统后发症与钩体Ｌ型密切关系,本文采用显微镜凝集试验（ＭＡＴ）、钩体普通培养和Ｌ型培养方法对１８６例钩体病神经系统后发症患者共２０６份标本（血液１３５份,脑脊液７１份）进行了检测。结果：血液Ｌ型培养阳性率（２７．４％）明显高于血液ＭＡＴ阳性率（１７．０％）（０．０２〈Ｐ〈０．０５）,脑脊液Ｌ型培养阳性率（３０．９％）显著高于脑脊液ＭＡＴ阳性率（１２．７％）（Ｐ〈０．０１）,钩     

NPY样免疫反应在蝾螈发育过程中神经系统的定位研究

By immuno-cytochemical method the localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the nervous system during embryonic development of Cynops orientalis was studied. The results revealed that NPY was first localized in the peripheral nervous system (late tail-bud stage), and later appeared in the central nervous system (larval stage) where it appeared with the appearance of glial cells. Very probably with the migration of neural crest cells NPY appeared first in the peripheral nervous system and then distributed to the central nervous system.     

ADRENALIN IN ANNELIDS : A CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE SYMPATHETIC AND THE ADRENALIN-SECRETING SYSTEMS AND OF THE VASCULAR MUSCLES WHICH THEY REGULATE.

1. The sympathetic nervous system and the adjuvant adrenalin-secreting system are found in their earliest form in the annelid kingdom, and consist of cells situated in the central nervous system which are the common ancestors of both, and which are both secretory and nervous in function. 2. These cells are developed in the annelid kingdom parallel with the development of a contractile vascular system, which possesses muscles comparable in physiological actions with the muscle of the vertebrate heart. 3. This vascular muscle is regulated by the processes of the common ancestral cells as well as by their secretory activity. 4. In the primitive form contractile rhythm is an intrinsic property of cardiac muscle; its nerve supply regulates the rhythm, it does not initiate it. The beat is therefore myogenic, not neurogenic. 5. The contractile vascular system of annelids is mainly branchial in function. The vertebrate heart has been derived from it by the growing around of the lateral body folds to form a new ventral surface.     

MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SOME ACIDIC AND ALCOHOLIC METABOLITES OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN THE RAT BRAIN

—A mass fragmentographic procedure is described for the simultaneous quantification of a number of deaminated metabolites derived from tyramine, octopamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. With this method, several of the metabolites were measured in normal rat brain. The results support the central nervous system origin of tyramine, octopamine and their metabolites. The concentration of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, in the rat brain was found to be about 15% higher than that of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. As for the metabolites of norepinephrine, vanilmandelic acid concentration was found to be about 5% that of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. The possible role of vanilmandelic acid in the CNS metabolism of norephrine is discussed.     

Nonlinear coupling is absent in acute myocardial patients but not healthy subjects

We investigated whether autonomic nervous system imbalance imposed by pharmacological blockades and associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is manifested as modifications of the nonlinear interactions in heart rate variability signal using a statistically based bispectrum method. The statistically based bispectrum method is an ideal approach for identifying nonlinear couplings in a system and overcomes the previous limitation of determining in an ad hoc way the presence of such interactions. Using the improved bispectrum method, we found significant nonlinear interactions in healthy young subjects, which were abolished by the administration of atropine but were still present after propranolol administration. The complete decoupling of nonlinear interactions was obtained with double pharmacological blockades. Nonlinear couplings were found to be the strongest for healthy young subjects followed by degradation with old age and a complete absence of such couplings for the old age-matched AMI subjects. Our results suggest that the presence of nonlinear couplings is largely driven by the parasympathetic nervous system regulation and that the often-reported autonomic nervous system imbalance seen in AMI subjects is manifested as the absence of nonlinear interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous regulations.     

先天性巨结肠Bcl-2的表达及意义

1886年丹麦医生Hirschsprung首先描述了先天性巨结肠症,故又称为Hirschsprung's Disease(HD)。HD发病率居先天性畸形的第二位,平均每5000个成活新生儿中发生1例,其病理学基础是病变肠段结肠壁神经节细胞缺如。但HD的病因较为复杂,迄今仍有争议。Bcl-2蛋白是凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的表达产物,具有遏止细胞凋亡的作用。在正常神经系统发育过程中,Bcl-2蛋白在外周神经系统中长期表达,提示Bcl-2蛋白对外周神经系统神经元的存活起了重要的作用,尤其是外周神经受到伤害时,Bcl-2蛋白有助于外周神经的修复。目前,Bcl-2蛋白对神经     

Dual Labeling of Neural Crest Cells and Blood Vessels Within Chicken Embryos Using ChickGFP Neural Tube Grafting and Carbocyanine Dye DiI Injection

All developing organs need to be connected to both the nervous system (for sensory and motor control) as well as the vascular system (for gas exchange, fluid and nutrient supply). Consequently both the nervous and vascular systems develop alongside each other and share striking similarities in their branching architecture. Here we report embryonic manipulations that allow us to study the simultaneous development of neural crest-derived nervous tissue (in this case the enteric nervous system), and the vascular system. This is achieved by generating chicken chimeras via transplantation of discrete segments of the neural tube, and associated neural crest, combined with vascular DiI injection in the same embryo. Our method uses transgenic chick^GFP embryos for intraspecies grafting, making the transplant technique more powerful than the classical quail-chick interspecies grafting protocol used with great effect since the 1970s. Chick^GFP-chick intraspecies grafting facilitates imaging of transplanted cells and their projections in intact tissues, and eliminates any potential bias in cell development linked to species differences. This method takes full advantage of the ease of access of the avian embryo (compared with other vertebrate embryos) to study the co-development of the enteric nervous system and the vascular system.