Granulosis virus in the intestinal lumen of Neoaplectana carpocapsae: Retention of infectivity after treatment with formaldehyde or high pH

High pH values (>11.0) cause the dissolution of occlusion bodies of the granulosis virus (GV) of Pseudaletia unipuncta and subsequent inactivation of the virus within 24 hr. The GV is also inactivated within 48 hr by 0.04% formaldehyde. The GV is found in the intestinal lumen of infective third stage nematodes (dauer juveniles) of Neoaplectana carpocapsae when development occurs in GV-infected hosts. The GV in these dauer juveniles retains its infectivity even when the nematodes are placed into an alkaline solution with pH values of 11.1 or 12.1 or in 0.04% formaldehyde up to 336 hr. However, significant loss of infectivity of GV occurs when the nematodes are in formaldehyde but not at high pH values. The dauer juveniles are ensheathed by the second stage cuticle. This cuticle probably protects the GV in the intestinal lumen of the nematode from the high pH and formaldehyde.     

Evaluation of sheep ovarian tissue cryopreservation with slow freezing or vitrification after chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane transplantation

The aim of our investigations was to compare the effectiveness of two methods for cryopreservation of sheep ovarian tissue, slow freezing and vitrification. The quality of cryopreserved tissues was evaluated after 5 days of thawing and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) transplantation. Follicular structure, stromal integrity and neovascularization were assessed. The areas of fibrosis and necrosis were measured using MICROVISIBLE software, and proliferation was assessed with Ki-67 immunostaning. After 5 days of culture, the proportion of primordial follicles decreased, whereas the primary and intermediary follicles increased insignificantly (p > .05). Only necrosis in the vitrified culture group increased significantly (p < .05). It was established also that 5 days CAM culture was not suitable methodology for detection of folliculogenesis. Follicular quality decreased after culture, but was better in fresh and slow frozen tissues than after vitrification (p < .05). Cellular proliferative activity fell, but it preserved to some extent in all groups. In conclusion, follicles was preserved better in grafted tissue after slow freezing than vitrification and stroma was more susceptible to ischemia in vitrified rather than conventional freezing in this view. Vitrification may not be a suitable alternative to the slow freezing.     

Complications after breast reconstruction with alloplastic material in breast cancer patients submitted or not to post mastectomy radiotherapy

Background and purposeBreast reconstruction following mastectomy is a relevant element of breast cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiotherapy (RT) on local complications in patients with breast cancer that had undergone breast reconstruction with alloplastic material.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of breast cancer patients submitted to mastectomy and breast reconstruction from 2009 to 2013. Clinical and treatment variables were correlated with early and late complications.Results251 patients were included; mean age was 49.7 (25 to 78) years. Reconstruction was immediate in 94% of the patients, with 88% performed with a temporary tissue expander. Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) was delivered to 167 patients (66.5%). Early complications were present in 26.3% of the patients. Irradiated patients presented 5.4% incidence of late complications versus 2.4% for non-irradiated patients (p = 0.327). Diabetes (OR = 3.41 95% CI: 1.23–9.45, p = 0.018) and high body mass index (BMI) (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.60–4.37, p < 0.0001) were the main risk factors. The overall incidence of late complications was 4.4%, with predominance of severe capsular contracture (8/11). Arterial hypertension (OR = 4.78; 95% CI: 1.97–11.63, p = 0.001), BMI (OR = 0.170; 95% CI: 0.048–0.607, p = 0.006) and implant placement (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.26–9.99, p = 0.016) were related to late complications.ConclusionsThe overall rate of complications was low in this population. Radiotherapy delivery translated into a higher but not statistically significant risk of late complications when compared with the non-irradiated patients. Already well-known clinical risk factors for complications after breast reconstruction were identified.     

方右旋糖酐40注射液联合甘露醇治疗下肢软组织开放性损伤负压封闭引流术后患者的疗效及对血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨复方右旋糖酐40注射液联合甘露醇治疗下肢软组织开放性损伤负压封闭引流(VSD)术后的治疗效果及对血液流变学的影响,为下肢软组织开放性损伤的治疗提供临床依据。方法:选取下肢软组织开放性损伤VSD术后患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组单纯应用甘露醇治疗,观察组应用复方右旋糖酐40注射液及甘露醇治疗,观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后国际骨关节炎评分标准(Lequesne指数)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、美国食品药品管理局(FDA)皮肤评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分(Lysholm)、血液流变学的变化以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,对照组和观察组的总有效率分别为85.00%、97.50%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VAS评分和Lequesne指数评分均降低,Lysholm评分及FDA皮肤评分较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组VAS评分和Lequesne指数评分低于对照组,Lysholm评分及FDA皮肤评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血细胞比容较治疗前升高,全血比高切黏度、全血比低切黏度、血浆比黏度较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组血细胞比容高于对照组,全血比高切黏度、全血比低切黏度、血浆比黏度低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:复方右旋糖酐40注射液联合甘露醇治疗下肢软组织开放性损伤VSD术后患者疗效确切,可减轻膝关节疼痛,促进皮肤软组织恢复,改善膝关节功能和血液流变学,安全性较好。