In Vitro Slow Fluctuation in Horseradish Peroxidase Activity

In vitro slow fluctuations in the level of horseradish peroxidase activity were observed in long-range experiments (72–144 h). Besides random fluctuations, regular slow oscillatory patterns with period lengths ranging from 10.0 to 39.0 h were detected by statistical analysis. The possibility that these oscillations in enzyme activity could have reflected changes in the physical environment of the experimental setup has been thoroughly examined and ruled out. Periodic exposition of the enzyme solution, otherwise kept in darkness, to blue light illumination was shown to influence the period of the oscillations. The changes in enzyme activity were correlated with a modification of the Michaelis constant estimated using guaiacol as substrate. This result was confirmed by the action of chemical modifiers of the enzyme, such as ferulic acid and rutin. It is thought that the observed oscillations in horseradish peroxidase activity are due to spontaneous and specific changes in the tridimensional structure of the enzyme in the thermic reservoir.     

In Vitro Slow Fluctuation in Horseradish Peroxidase Activity

In vitro slow fluctuations in the level of horseradish peroxidase activity were observed in long-range experiments (72-144 h). Besides random fluctuations, regular slow oscillatory patterns with period lengths ranging from 10.0 to 39.0 h were detected by statistical analysis. The possibility that these oscillations in enzyme activity could have reflected changes in the physical environment of the experimental setup has been thoroughly examined and ruled out. Periodic exposition of the enzyme solution, otherwise kept in darkness, to blue light illumination was shown to influence the period of the oscillations. The changes in enzyme activity were correlated with a modification of the Michaelis constant estimated using guaiacol as substrate. This result was confirmed by the action of chemical modifiers of the enzyme, such as ferulic acid and rutin. It is thought that the observed oscillations in horseradish peroxidase activity are due to spontaneous and specific changes in the tridimensional structure of the enzyme in the thermic reservoir.     

辣根过氧化物酶同功酶C基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

无论从应用还是从理论研究角度,辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）是一种非常重要的酶．ＨＲＰ基因克隆与表达将有利于更深入研究ＨＲＰ的结构与功能．利用反转录ＰＣＲ从天然植物辣根中分离和克隆编码辣根过氧化物酶同功酶Ｃ（ＨＲＰ－Ｃ）一个ｃＤＮＡ,并测定其序列．结果发现,从基因推导出的氨基酸序列与Ｗｅｌｉｎｄｅｒ报道的辣根过氧化物酶序列有９０．６％的同源性．将该基因连接到表达载体ｐＥＴ－２４ｂ上,利用抗ＨＲＰ多克隆抗体进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ,检测有少量目标产物表达．在诱导表达过程中,没有发现细菌生长受抑制或受明显的毒害     

辣根过氧化物酶在水相胶束中的动力学

研究了辣根过氧化物酶在三种表面活性剂（ＳＤＳ,ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００及ＣＴＡＢ）的水相胶束中催化联苯胺聚合反应的动力学。结果表明水相胶束体系有利于反应的进行。辣根过氧化物酶在水相胶束体系中遵循米氏反应,Ｋ_ｍ在ＳＤＳ、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００及ＣＴＡＢ三种体系中分别为３．０１４×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１．７２８×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５．６６４×１０~（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。由于微环境的不同,ＨＲＰ在三种体系中表现出不同的最适反应温度和最适ｐＨ。     

非水介质中辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）荧光活性测定法

建立了一种分析ＨＲＰ催化活力的新方法。该方法基于单体（底物）、聚合物（产物）的荧光发射光谱不重叠,使用荧光光谱仪,通过测量底物荧光淬灭来检测ＨＲＰ在非水介质中（二氧六环－水、乙醇－水、丙酮－水体系）催化酚类、芳香胺类物质聚合的活力。此方法迅速、简便,结果是定量并可重复的,并能定量地计算底物转化率。     

用遗传算法进行重组大肠杆菌发酵动力学的分析

重组大肠杆菌在诱导表达人表皮生长因子的过程促使细菌的生长受到抑制,一部分重组菌丧失了分裂能力,但仍保持着一定的代谢活力,分离成为存活但不能培养的细菌,根据大肠杆菌在表达外源蛋白过程中细胞生理状态的不同将细菌分为三类,提出一个描述诱导表达过程中重组大肠杆菌分离、生长的动力学模型．应用遗传算法对不同底物浓度的细胞生长、分离和产物合成的动力学参数进行了有效地估计,避免了传统算法可能陷于局部最优的问题,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合良好．分离模型在初始糖浓为5-20g/L的范围内可以较好地描述发酵过程中细胞生长、分离和目标产物表达的过程并具有一定的预测能力．     

产人表皮生长因子的重组大肠杆菌的发酵动力学

对产人表皮生长因子的重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli(E.Coli)的发酵动力学进行了研究,采用了发酵体系中含质粒的工程菌与不含质粒的非工程菌的共处模型,分析了细胞生长、底物消耗、基因工程产物生成的过程,由模型计算的结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

补料速度对工程菌生长和产物表达的影响研究

通过研究各培养阶段补料速度对温敏启动子控制的rIL-2工程菌E.coliK802(pLY-4)培养密度和rIL-2表达的影响,发现在各培养阶段控制不同的补料速度有利于提高菌密度和rIL-2表达,缩短培养周期。确定了rIL-2工程菌高密度培养方案,三批重复实验,平均菌密度为58OD_(600);菌干重18.0g/L,rIL-2表达水平为42.4％。     

辣根过氧化物酶同功酶C3基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：克隆与表达辣根过氧化物酶同功酶C3（HRPC3）基因。方法：用PCR方法从辣根的总DNA中,扩增得到一种辣根过氧化物酶同功酶C3基因,将PCR产物连接到pMD18-T载体上,测序证明正确后,再将目的基因正确插入到巴斯德毕赤酶母表达载体pPIC9K中,含有目的基因的重组pPIC9K质粒在毕赤酶母中进行表达与分析。结果：应用毕赤酶母作为受体菌,成功表达了HRPC3基因,其活性为56IU/L。结论：毕赤酶母直接表达出了具有生物活性的辣根过氧化物酶同功酶C3。     

重组大肠杆菌碱裂解方法的改进

为了降低质粒DNA的生产成本,对经典碱裂解法中的溶液III进行了改进,以表达溶菌酶基因的pcDNKLYZ重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌DH5α为指示菌,用标准碱裂解和改进碱裂解法提取质粒pcDNKLYZ,以提取的质粒产量和质量为指标,判断优化碱性裂解法的性价比,结果显示,用改进后的碱裂解法裂解重组菌,提取的pcDNKLYZ质粒产量和质量等指标与标准方法接近,而成本仅为标准方法的1/4,可用于重组质粒的大规模制备。     

重组人载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体(apoliproteinA-I-Milano ,AIM)是载脂蛋白AI的天然突变体,具有比载脂蛋白AI更强的抗动脉粥样硬化症的作用。将AIM基因N_末端的氨基酸密码子优化后,克隆至表达载体pET2 2b ,重组质粒转化BL2 1(DE3)宿主菌,用IPTG诱导表达。AIM以可溶形式表达,约占菌体总蛋白的38%。表达产物经ButylSepharose 4F .F疏水层析和QSepharoseH .P .阴离子交换层析后,再用Vivaspin2 0 (30 0 0 0MW)进行超滤,AIM单体的纯度达95 %以上。AIM单体与脂结合活性表明,AIM单体结合脂的速度比apoA_I慢,但结合脂的量比apoA_I高。这项研究为AIM的结构和功能,特别是临床应用研究奠定了基础。     

在甲醇酵母Pichia pastoris胞内表达有活性的辣根过氧化物酶

为了开辟在甲醇酵母 Pichia pastoris中表达 HRP的新途径 ,将编码成熟 HRP同功酶 C基因克隆到表达载体 p PIK3.5K中 .p PIK3.5KHRP转化 GS1 1 5后 ,用 PCR筛选阳性 P.pastoris重组株 ,并用甲醇进行诱导 . Western印迹杂交分析表明目标蛋白 (约为 38k D)能被天然 HRP的多克隆抗体所识别 ,因此活性辣根过氧化物酶已在 P.pastoris胞内表达 .筛选菌株中显示了明显的过氧化物酶活性 ,同时诱导过程中血红素和 Ca Cl2 的加入对过氧化物酶的活力影响不大     

提高大肠杆菌分泌表达重组蛋白的研究进展

大肠杆菌是表达重组蛋白的常见宿主之一。重组蛋白分泌到周质空间或胞外培养基中较之在胞内以包含体形式表达有许多优势。主要讨论大肠杆菌Ⅰ、Ⅱ型分泌机制,并总结近年来在提高重组蛋白分泌表达的策略方面取得的进展。     

利用固定化重组大肠杆菌细胞生产D-塔格糖

利用经海藻酸钙包埋的重组大肠杆菌细胞催化D-半乳糖生产D-塔格糖,考察了细胞包埋量、反应条件对固定化细胞催化效率以及对D-塔格糖生产稳定性的影响。确定的最优转化条件为:温度65℃,pH 6.5,添加终浓度为1 mmol/L Mn²⁺,底物(D-半乳糖)浓度100 g/L,重组大肠杆菌细胞用量40 g/L。固定化小球在0.3%戊二醛溶液中交联30 min可以显著提高其在高温下的机械强度。考察了异构化反应体系中硼酸与底物间的摩尔比对产率的影响。研究结果表明,添加适量的硼酸可以改变原有的化学反应平衡,实现D-塔格糖的高产。利用D-半乳糖为底物在最优的反应条件下催化24 h,固定化细胞对D-半乳糖的转化率最高,可达65.8%,连续转化8批次的平均转化率为60.6%,为工业化生产D-塔格糖奠定了基础。     

Differential Uptake of Horseradish Peroxidase Isoenzymes by Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells

The endocytotic uptake and intracellular decay of horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes C and A by cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells were analyzed quantitatively by a direct spectrophotometric assay. At concentrations below 1 mg/ml, the rate of uptake of the isoenzyme C was more than three times as much as the isoenzyme A. This differential uptake suggests that previous claims of horseradish peroxidase being endocytosed only in the nonselective fluid phase are oversimplified. The implication of this selectivity in the biological significance of retrograde axonal transport of proteins by neuronal systems is discussed.     

重组大肠杆菌高密度培养研究进展

重组大肠杆菌细胞高密度培养(High cell-density cultivation,HCDC)是获得高外源蛋白产率的一种重要策略,影响重组大肠杆菌高密度培养的因素主要有以下几个方面:重组体的构建及其稳定性,培养基成分,培养方式,培养条件及培养过程中抑制性代谢产物的积累等。从以上几个方面对近期的研究进展进行了综述。     

Preparation and Retrograde Axonal Transport of an Antiviral Drug/Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate

Recurrent Herpes simplex virus infections of the cornea are currently treated with antiviral drugs administered locally during periods of active infection. We have examined the feasibility of an alternate approach to treating recurrent infection, that of delivering an antiviral drug by axonal transport to cell somata in the trigeminal ganglion where the latent virus is thought to reside. We have coupled an antiviral drug to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a protein which is readily transported retrogradely in corneal sensory axons to ganglion cell somata in the trigeminal ganglion. The antiviral drug 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (AIDU) was synthesized with 125I and coupled to horseradish peroxidase by Schiff base formation between the 5' amino group and aldehydes generated on the carbohydrate of the HRP following short periodate oxidation. The useful ratio of AIDU:HRP was 2-9; higher ratios resulted in an insoluble product. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the drug-protein conjugate revealed considerable aggregation and the isoelectric point of HRP was changed from 8.1 to 4.4-5.8 following the coupling procedure. Despite evidence that the protein conformation was considerably altered, the specific enzymatic activity of the final product was 58% of native HRP and the drug-protein conjugate was still strongly transported retrogradely. Retrograde transport of this conjugate was demonstrated by autoraiography of the trigeminal ganglion neurons 24 h after corneal injection of the [125I]AIDU/HRP.     

重组PAI－1在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子－１（ＰＡＩ－１）在天然状态下含量很低。为了进行ＰＡＩ－１的结构与功能的研究,构建了表达重组ＰＡＩ－１的质粒ｐＢＶ２２０／ＰＡＩ－１,并在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达。最高表达量为菌体总蛋白量的４９％以上,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ检测,得到了分子量为４３．０ｋＤａ的反应条带。对形成包涵体的表达产物进行变、复性处理及Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５的初步纯化,得到了潜伏态的重组Ｐ     

两次诱导实现重组大肠杆菌高密度、高表达研究

通过不同温度诱导模式对大肠杆菌高密度,高表达的研究,确定两次升温诱导模式实现大肠杆菌高密度、高表达重组人载脂蛋白的目的。实验证实两次诱导成功的避免了乙酸对高密度、高表达的影响,最终发酵的细胞密度OD600达150,蛋白表达量4.8g·L-1,证明两次升温诱导的发酵方法在高密度、高表达外源蛋白上是成功的,从而为基因工程菌规模化生产奠定了基础。     

BSA和PEG影响固定化辣根过氧化物酶HRP在有机相中活力

ＢＳＡ和ＰＥＧ可以有效地提高固定化辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）在有机相中的活力。固定化酶活力的提高与试剂加入的顺序有密切的联系;不同载体对酶的影响不同,Ｇｅｌｉｔｅ,ａｌｕｍｉｎａ,ＸＡＤ－７,Ｋｉｓｅｌｇｅｌ和Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ为载体,分别以吸附法制备固定化酶。实验表明固定化过程中保护剂和酶的加入顺序与国家化酶活力密切相关,而这些载体的固定化效果又以Ｃｅｌｉｔｅ最佳,Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ最差。Ｆｌｏｒｉｓ