山莨菪碱作为常规药治疗毒蛇咬伤的研究报告

山莨菪碱是我国首先从茄科植物唐古特莨菪中分离出的一种生物碱, 是改善微循环衰竭的一种特效药物, 特别是在防治蛇伤 Ｄ Ｉ Ｃ或急性肾衰的病例往往收到意想不到的好结果, 另外, 该药在抢救过程中大剂量 ５００ｍ ｇ／ｄ（是普通剂量１０ｍ ｇ 的 ５０ 倍） 使用而未见明显副作用, 因此, １９８７ 年以来我们常规使用山莨菪碱治疗 （重症者配合抗蛇毒血清） 各种毒蛇咬伤７９７ 例, 均收到明显效果, 认为山莨菪碱是防治蛇伤血液毒引起 Ｄ Ｉ Ｃ 出血、急性肾衰、微循环衰竭、 Ｍ Ｓ Ｏ Ｆ的有效药物, 并可减轻神经毒引起的气道分泌物阻塞、提高血氧分压, 减轻缺氧对大脑的损害,竟争保护胆碱能受体、减轻神经毒性、加快自主呼吸恢复的功能。     

Isolation of Human Clq as a by-Product of Routine Fractionation

Clq can be isolated as a by-product of large scale fractionation. The euglobulins of fraction III are submitted to chromatography on CM-cellulose in a batch-procedure. The active fraction being frequently contaminated by lysozyme the protein can be further purified by gel-filtration in the presence of carbohydrates. The purified Clq is suitable for the detection of immune complexes.     

The Activated Coagulation Time of Whole Blood as a Routine Pre-Operative Screening Test

Patients with disorders of hemostasis who undergo surgical procedures are in danger of hemorrhage. While the careful medical history remains the most sensitive test of a bleeding tendency, some such patients can give no suggestive history. In three patients with coagulopathy—one with mild classical hemophilia, one with Christmas disease, and one with warfarin toxicity—the abnormality was missed by routine preoperative history but promptly detected by the routine preoperative use of the activated coagulation time (act). Either this test or the activated partial thromboplastin time should be included in the routine preoperative work-up, along with appropriate additional tests of the hemostatic mechanism.     

Validity of Spinal Cord Examination as a Substitute Procedure for Routine Rabies Diagnosis

A significant portion of specimens received by this laboratory for rabies diagnosis is unsatisfactory for testing due to decomposition of the brain, or severe mutilation of the head when the animal was killed. Examination of the spinal cord was therefore explored as a possible alternative method when standard brain examination was not possible. In this study, both brain and spinal cord of 248 rabies-suspect animals were examined to assess the reliability of the spinal cord method. Brain and spinal cord of the 248 animals were examined by fluorescent antibody (FA) method, and mouse inoculation tests were performed on 247 brain specimens and 13 spinal cord specimens. By using both brain and spinal cord, 30 animals representing 8 species were diagnosed as rabid by FA, and 218, representing 11 species, were negative. There was 100% agreement between two procedures with FA as the criterion. This study showed that in cases where the usual examination is precluded due to brain destruction, the spinal cord procedure offers an equally reliable alternate method of diagnosis.     

Routine utilization of green fluorescent protein as a visual selectable marker for cereal transformation

Summary Development of new selectable markers is needed to increase the efficiency and flexibility of plant transformation, and to overcome drawbacks sometimes associated with use of existing markers. A useful alternative to chemical-based selection systems would be a system using visual screening to obtain transgenic lines. Investigations were carried out to determine if the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene could be utilized alone as a visual screenable marker to produce stably transformed, fertile oat plants. Twelve experiments were conducted in which gfp-based selection was utilized to obtain routinely stable transgenic lines in oat. A synthetic gfp gene under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter was delivered into embryogenic oat callus via microprojectile bombardment. Cell clusters (1–3 mm) expressing gfp were visually identified using epifluorescence microscopy and physically isolated approximately 3 wk post-bombardment. Fertile, gfp-expressing T0 plants were regenerated from 78% of the glowing cell sectors placed on regeneration medium. T0 plants from 55% of the events produced gfp-expressing progeny in a 3∶1 Mendelian ratio. Southern blot and PCR analysis confirmed transgene integration and transmission to progeny. Expression of gfp did not reduce plant growth or fertility. Transgene copy number and integration patterns were similar to those in transgenic plants derived from chemical-based selection systems. The mean transformation frequency, based on fertile events obtained per bombarded plate, was 1.8%. Over 180 independent transgenic oat lines were produced, to date, using only visual screening for expression of gfp, demonstrating efficiency and repeatability of the selection system. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the University of Wisconsin or the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.     

THE PAPANICOLAOU-TRAUT METHOD OF CANCER DIAGNOSIS,Its Use as a Routine Pathologic Laboratory Procedure

In a series of 450 examinations by the smear technique in the pathologic laboratory of a small private hospital, the total diagnostic error on all smears was 6.6 per cent. The error on vaginal smears was 4.7 per cent. These figures include false positives, false negatives, and all those smears classified as suspicious even though positive or negative diagnoses were made on subsequent examinations.The Papanicolaou-Traut method of cancer diagnosis can easily be made one of the routine pathologic procedures in the small hospital laboratory. Technicians with little previous cytologic experience can be trained to screen vaginal and other smears accurately after a short training period. This cytologic method is proving to be of value in the early detection of some neoplasms, and if its application is to be extended, the practicing pathologist should add the test to his diagnostic routine.