首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
1.  We have described a general ribonucleotide probein situ hybridization methodology for localization of mRNA in frozen, unfixed tissue sections of brain.
2.  The most important steps in obtaining consistent and reproducible autoradiographs with ribonucleotide probes were tissue acetylation and application of the radiolabeled probe to tissue sections under unsealed, glass coverslips.
3.  Variability of the hybridization signal in tissue sections has been minimized to achieve a high degree of reproducibility within a given experiment as determined by densitometric analysis of rat glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA hybridization autoradiographs.
4.  Tissue quality has been optimized for high-resolution anatomical localization of mRNA species by nuclear track emulsion.
5.  The protocol is amenable to rapid, batchwise processing of tissue samples.
  相似文献   

2.
1.  The reactions of tympanic nerve fibers ofLocusta migratoria were recorded by glass microelectrodes in the metathoracic ganglion.
2.  The units were classified by frequency-, intensity-, and directional characteristics as well as by their response pattern. The response to speciesspecific song is compared with the response to song ofEphippiger ephippiger.
3.  The physiological properties lead to a classification into three types of low-frequency neurons (characteristic frequency 3.5–4 kHz; 4kHz; 5.5–6 kHz) and one type of high-frequency neuron (12–20 kHz). This is similar to other species (Gray, 1960, Michelsen, 1971).
4.  Intensity-coding is done by sharp rising intensity characteristics and by different absolute thresholds of the units.
5.  There is a marked directional sensitivity with some differences between LF and HF units. In the low frequency range the tympanal organ seems to react as a pressure gradient receiver; for high frequencies another mechanism is discussed.
6.  No filtering of species-specific song takes place at the level of the receptor cells.
  相似文献   

3.
In the rift valley (North-East of France/South-West of Germany), the Rhine runs freely for 300 km from South to North. The absence of natural obstacles allows the development of a very regular profile of the river. We have therefore an opportunity to study very gradual modifications of the alluvial forest communities of the fluvial corridor from upstream to downstream, according to the gradual evolution of the ecological factors, related to slope decrease and hydrological modifications.We describe, from Basel to Mainz:
1)  modification of dynamic processes in the forest communities such as successional sequences or sylvigenetic mosaïcs of the terminal stages.
2)  modification of species richness.
3)  reduction of species diversity.
4)  simplification of the forest stratification.
5)  modification of efficiency of the biogeochemical cycling.
6)  ecological vicariances.
7)  modification in species behaviour.
  相似文献   

4.
Conclusions  
(1)  The aminoesters inhibit glucose-stimulated proton extrusion by yeast cells.
(2)  The inhibitory activity depends on aliphatic carbon chain length.
(3)  The inhibition of proton extrusion is concentration-dependent.
(4)  The aminoesters stimulate quinacrine accumulation in vacuoles of yeast cells so they should possess affinities for lysosomes.
This work was supported byKBN grant no. 7 A203 013 07.  相似文献   

5.
3DFS is a 3D flexible searching system for lead discovery. Version 1.0 of 3DFS was published recently (Wang, T.; Zhou, J. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 1998, 38, 71–77). Here version 1.2 represents a substantial improvement over version 1.0. There are six major changes in version 1.2 compared to version 1.0.
1.  A new rule of aromatic ring recognition.
2.  The inclusion of multiple-type atoms and chains in queries.
3.  The inclusion of more spatial constraints, especially the directions of lone pairs.
4.  The improvement of the query file format.
5.  The addition of genetic search for flexible search.
6.  An output option for generating MOLfiles of hits.
Besides the above, this paper supplies:
1.  More query examples.
2.  A comparison between genetic search and Powell optimization.
3.  More detailed comparison between 3DFS and Chem-X.
4.  A preliminary application of 3DFS to K+ channel opener studies.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089490050231  相似文献   

6.
1.  A 28-kDa peptide from the brain of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, was purifiedvia HPLC. The peptide copurified with the insect neurohormone, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), through two HPLC columns.
2.  Immunocyctochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against the 28-kDa peptide revealed that the peptide was produced in the same protocerebral neurons that produce PTTH. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the 28-kDa peptide and big PTTH are different molecules.
3.  A PTTHin vitro bioassay indicated that despite having chromatographic properties similar to those of big PTTH and being produced by the same neurons, the 28-kDa peptide did not have PTTH activity.
4.  Amino acid sequence analysis yielded a 27 N-terminal amino acid sequence that had no similarity with known peptides.
5.  Immunocytochemical studies revealed that the 28-kDa peptide is present as early as 30% embryonic development and is absent by adult eclosion. This is in contrast to big PTTH, which is expressed throughout theManduca life cycle.
6.  These data suggest that the 28-kDa peptide is another secretory phenotype of the lateral neurosecretory cell group III (L-NSC III) which may have functions distinct from those for big PTTH or may act synergistically with big PTTH.
  相似文献   

7.
1.  At ambient temperatures (T a) between 39 and 43°C, specimens of the waterproof treefrogChiromantis xerampelina, resting quietly in wind tunnels, adjust rates of evaporative water loss (EWL), maintaining body temperature (T b) 2–4°C belowT a.
2.  Brain heating and cooling, respectively, increased and decreased steady-state rates of thermoregulatory evaporative water loss (EWL), driving negative feedback changes inT b.
3.  Continuous infusions of epinephrine resulted in specific, dose-dependent, saturable increases in EWL; isoproterenol was more potent than epinephrine, which was more potent than phenylephrine. Tyramine injection also stimulated EWL.
4.  Non-specific increases in EWL stimulated by injections of cholinergic agonists were weakly antagonized by atropine, but thermally induced EWL, as well as adrenergically and cholinergically stimulated increases in EWL, were abolished by beta-adrenergic antagonists.
5.  Sweating decreased andT b increased during ganglionic blockade.
6.  The observations suggest thatC. xerampelina controls thermoregulatory EWL by modulating the sympathetic nervous outflow stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors on cutaneous mucous glands.
  相似文献   

8.
Müller  D. G.  Frenzer  K. 《Hydrobiologia》1993,(1):37-44
Culture studies with healthy and virus-infected isolates of Ectocarpus siliculosus, Feldmannia simplex and F. irregularis gave the following results:
–  Virus particles are produced in deformed reproductive organs (sporangia or gametangia) of the hosts and are released into the surrounding seawater.
–  Their infective potential is lost after several days of storage under laboratory conditions.
–  New infections occur when gametes or spores of the host get in contact with virus particles. The virus genome enters all cells of the developing new plant via mitosis.
–  Virus expression is variable, and in many cases the viability of the host is not impaired. Infected host plants may be partly fertile and pass the infection to their daughter plants.
–  Meiosis of the host can eliminate the virus genome and generate healthy progeny.
–  The genome of the Ectocarpus virus consists of dsDNA. Meiotic segregation patterns suggest an intimate association between virus genome and host chromosomes.
–  An extra-generic host range has been demonstrated for the Ectocarpus virus.
–  Field observations suggest that virus infections in ectocarpalean algae occur on all coasts of the world, and many or all Ectocarpus and Feldmannia populations are subject to contact with virus genomes.
  相似文献   

9.
The caudal photoreceptors (CPRs) of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) can trigger walking and abdominal movements by their response to light.
1.  In a restrained, inverted crayfish, illumination of A6 evoked a CPR discharge followed by leg movements and bursting from the abdominal tonic flexor (TF) motoneurons. Intracellular electrical stimulation of a single CPR at high frequency (80 Hz) evoked similar responses.
2.  Responses only occurred when a single CPR axon was driven at 60 Hz or more and outlasted the stimulus.
3.  CPR stimulation also excites the pattern-initiating network (Moore and Larimer 1987) in the abdomen.
4.  The axon of the CPR projects from ganglion A6 to the brain. Terminal branches occur in the subesophageal ganglion and the brain. A small descending interneuron is dye-coupled to CPR in the subesophageal ganglion.
5.  In animals with cut circumesophageal connectives, the CPRs can evoke walking and the abdominal motor pattern.
6.  The relationship of the abdominal motor pattern to walking is altered by restraint and/or inversion. In freely moving crayfish, the cyclic abdominal motor pattern is only observed with backward walking. In restrained, inverted crayfish, the motor pattern occurs with both forward or backward walking.
  相似文献   

10.
Twelve of the main European LCA software packages currently available are examined wirh the aim of establishing which are the most appropriate for LCAs on industrial processes. The packages performances are assessed in terms of
–  • Volume of Data
–  • WindowsTM environment
–  • Network Capabilities
–  • Impact Assessment
–  • Graphical representation of the inventory results
–  • Sensitivity analysis
–  • Units
–  • Cost
–  • User Support
–  • Flow Diagrams
–  • Burdens allocation
–  • Transparency of data
–  • Input & output parameters
–  • Demo version
–  • Quality of data
The review concludes with a Specification Table which summarises the facilities available on each software package. The general conclusion from this study is that for industrially based LCAs, there are four packages which may offer advantages over the rest. These are The Boustead Model, The Ecobilan Group’s TEAM™, PEMS 3.0 and SimaPro 3.1.  相似文献   

11.
J. Robb 《Human Evolution》1994,9(3):215-229
In recent years anthropologists have made much progress in understanding ancient activities from skeletal remains. In this paper, material from the Iron Age cemetery at Pontecagnano (VII-IV century BC) is used to illustrate activity-related traits of eight basic categories:
(1)  idiosyncratic patterns of dental wear
(2)  activity-related articular degeneration
(3)  non-pathological functional alterations (neoformations, contact facets)
(4)  mechanical remodelling of bone architecture
(5)  enthesopathies (muscular lesions)
(6)  traumatic lesions
(7)  activity-related pathologies
(8)  activity-related nutritional characteristics
These traits, and others, can be used not only singly but in conjunction to define (a) patterns of activity and occupational specialization for individuals, and (b) distributions within society reflecting the basic division of labor by geneder and class.  相似文献   

12.
The rich deciduous woodland at Loi, Luster, Inner Sogn, 61° 20 N., was traditionally used for fodder production from both tree and field layer. After more than nearly 40 years of disuse and secondary forest succession, experimental efforts were made to restore the traditional agricultural meadow woodland. Following a detailed preliminary registration of the vegetation the following measures were taken:
1.  The understory tree layer, mainly Alnus incana was removed.
2.  The old Ulmus glabra pollards were pruned back to traditional shape, as were some tall shurbs of Corylus avellana.
3.  The field layer was mown once or twice yearly.
The main results are:
1.  The pollarded elms have developed bundles of new twigs at the pruning points and are in good condition.
2.  After an expansion of tall, nitrophilic herbs, e.g. Urtica dioica, Impatiens noli-tangere and Rubus idaeus, low and medium sized herbs and grasses have increased both in numbers, frequency and abundance. Helio- and thermophilic forest margin species are also more prominent. The moss layer has also become more dense and varied.
3.  The average number of species in permanent plots has nearly doubled.
  相似文献   

13.
1.  Direct contact between intra-epithelial nerve endings and ciliated cells was observed in frog (Rana pipiens) palate epithelium.
2.  Electrical stimulation of the palatine nerve to the explant or the explant culture induced an increase in ciliary beat frequency in explant and outgrowth cells.
3.  Atropine inhibited electrically stimulated ciliary beat frequency increase in the explant and outgrowth cells.
4.  Gap junctional intercellular communication appears to be involved in the propagation of stimulated ciliary beat frequency increase from innervated to non-innervated ciliated cells.
  相似文献   

14.
1.  The effects of three barbiturates and the local anesthetic procaine on the ion channel function of mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) muscle subtype expressed inXenopus laevis oocytes were examined by whole-cell voltage-clamp technique.
2.  A concentration-response curve for the specific nicotinic agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) was first determined. This agonist produced increasing whole-cell currents up to a concentration of 100µM (EC50 = 13µM), then decreased responses at higher concentrations.
3.  The barbiturates (amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital) and procaine produced reversible inhibition of DMPP-induced currents at clinically used concentrations. The two classes of drugs differed in the voltage dependence of the inhibition: procaine-induced inhibition was increased at more negative transmembrane holding potentials (-90 vs. -45 mV); whereas amobarbital-induced inhibition did not vary at different transmembrane potentials.
4.  Mutant forms of the nAChR, containing single amino acid changes in the M2 regions of and subunits, showed increased sensitivity to procaine but no change in sensitivity to amobarbital-induced inhibition.
5.  These electrophysiologic studies provide further evidence that barbiturates and local anesthetics produce inhibition of the nAChR at different sites.
  相似文献   

15.
1.  Rates of oxygen consumption were measured during locomotion in five species of marsupials of the family Dasyuridae. The body weights of the animals ranged between 0.15 and 1.12 kilograms.
2.  The rate of change of power input with speed was generally lower than equivalent eutherian values. The extrapolation to zero speed was consistently a higher multiple of resting metabolic levels than found in eutherians.
3.  The minimum cost of locomotion (M run) as a function of body mass (wt) is described by the equationM run=4.75 wt–0.34. The exponent is similar to that described for eutherians and reptiles, but the constant term is significantly lower.
4.  Metabolic scope in these animals is similar over the size range used and may be greater than in eutherians.
5.  Heat dissipation during locomotion has been partitioned into evaporative and non-evaporative routes. Storage of heat during locomotion was never more than fifty per cent of total production.
  相似文献   

16.
Artificial magnetic fields (MF) influence physiological processes in bees.
1.  An inhomogeneous, static magnetic field (IMF) reduces the flying activity of bees and increases their life span by more than 60%.
2.  The content of the ageing pigment lipofuscin in brain and, to a lesser extent, in thorax muscles increases with the physiological age. The content of lipofuscin of the thorax muscle is only 1/5 that of the brain.
3.  Despite their increased chronological age (60–74%) brain lipofuscin of bees under conditions of an inhomogeneous, static magnetic field is slightly reduced compared with bees in natural earth's magnetic field (EMF) conditions. No effects could be registered in the muscle lipofuscin of the thorax.
4.  There was no correlation between the content of lipofuscin and the chronological age.
5.  Flying activity is also reduced by horizontal magnetic fields (0.40–1.45 Oe).
6.  Dance tempo is reduced in compensated EMF and amplified static magnetic fields (0.84 Oe). Dance tempo is drastically reduced if compensation of the EMF is followed by application of a 5 Hz magnetic field with 1.04 Oepp, directed E-W.
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. M. Lindauer on the occasion of his 70th birthday  相似文献   

17.
The effects of temperature, over the range 10–40 °C, on properties of locust (Schistocerca gregaria) ocellar L-neurones and of their interconnections have been investigated. At cooler temperatures, a small change in temperature has a larger effect than an equivalent change at warmer temperatures. An increase in temperature leads to the following:
1.  A decrease in input resistance, which typically halves in value as temperature increases from 15 °C to 35 °C. When synaptic transmission between photoreceptor cells and L-neurones is blocked with cobalt, temperature still affects L-neurone resistance. The membrane time constant also decreases, but the resting potential is unaffected.
2.  An increase in the sizes of rebound spikes, which are produced when hyperpolarizing pulses end. Above 35 °C, the maximum size of rebound spike is smaller than that at cooler temperatures.
3.  A decrease in the latency to response to light, and an increase in the speeds of the transient responses to changes in light.
4.  A decrease in the latency of transmission at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses between L-neurones.
5.  At excitatory synapses between L-neurones, an increase in the postsynaptic current. This is compensated by a decrease in postsynaptic membrane resistance, so that there is little effect on the size of the postsynaptic potential.
6.  At inhibitory synapses between L-neurones, a decrease in the time for the postsynaptic potential to reach its peak. The time for recovery of transmission at inhibitory synapses is unaffected by temperature.
  相似文献   

18.
  相似文献   

19.
1.  Paramecium bursaria was stimulated by a light spot of 10–15 m diameter, and the photosensitive site was searched by recording responses in swimming behavior and in membrane potential.
2.  Local stimulation to the anterior half of the cell caused an avoiding response.
3.  Stimulation to the cells deciliated by ethanol treatment elicited a depolarization of the membrane potential.
4.  Local stimulation to the anteroventral portion elicited a depolarization, but stimulation to the dorsal side induced no change in the membrane potential.
5.  The action spectrum of depolarization elicited by local stimulation to the anteroventral surface showed two main peaks at 420 nm and 560 nm, corresponding to those of light stimulation of the whole cell.
6.  It is concluded that a photosensitive site exists on the anteroventral surface ofParamecium, in particular within the oral groove of the cell. This local photosensitivity is discussed with respect to the mating reaction.
  相似文献   

20.
1.  Seasonal changes in the half-times (0.5) for calcium influx and outflux in bone, skin and scales, and soft-tissue compartments ofF. kansae were measured.
2.  The size of diffusible calcium pools in the three compartments was estimated from the ratio of the loading and unloading half-times. Both the bone and skin and scales compartments contain diffusible calcium pools which increase in size during the summer months.
3.  The calcium in the soft-tissue compartment is all diffusible, and the kinetics indicate that this compartment receives calcium from the other two compartments.
4.  Hypophysectomy reduced the rate of calcium turnover in summer animals to the levels measured in intact winter animals. Such treatment also affected the distribution of radiocalcium within the animal.
5.  It is concluded that acellular bone is a metabolically active tissue.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号