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1.
Production of flavour compounds by yogurt starter cultures 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
D Beshkova E Simova G Frengova Z Simov 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1998,20(3-4):180-186
The present work studied the production of carbonyl compounds and saturated volatile free fatty acids by pure cultures of
Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and by starter cultures for Bulgarian yogurt during cultivation and cooling. The mixed cultures formed volatile aromatic
compounds more actively than the pure cultures. A guiding factor in the preparation of the starter cultures was the biochemical
activity of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in synthesizing the major carbonyl compounds, acetaldehyde, diacetyl and the volatile fatty acids C2–C10. The activity of the yogurt cultures in synthesizing carbonyl compounds was at its highest during milk coagulation and cooling,
up to 7 h. However, maximum concentration was reached by 22–31 h. In the cooled 22–h starter cultures, acetaldehyde predominated
(1415.0–1734.2 μg per 100 g) followed by diacetyl (165.0–202.0 μg per 100 g), acetoin (170.0–221.0 μg per 100 g), acetone
(66.0–75.5 μg per 100 g), ethanol (58.0 μg per 100 g), and butanone-2 (3.6–3.8 μg per 100 g). The thermophilic streptococcus
and lactobacillus cultures, and the starter cultures contained predominantly acetic, butyric and caproic acids.
Received 19 June 1997/ Accepted in revised form 10 January 1998 相似文献
2.
A survey was conducted to determine the levels of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn and corn-based products available in Colombia
for human and animal consumption. A total of 120 samples were analyzed by acetonitrile-water extraction, cleanup with a strong-anion-exchange
column, and liquid chromatography with o-phthaldialdehyde-2-mercaptoethanol derivatization and fluorescence detection. The
samples of corn and corn-based products for animal intake were taken at different feed manufacturing plants, whereas the samples
used for human foods where purchased from local retail stores. The number of positive samples for fumonisin B1 was 20.0% higher
in corn and corn-based products for animal intake (75.0%) than in corn and corn-based products for human consumption (55.0%).
The levels of fumonisin B1 were also higher in corn and corn-based products for animal intake (mean = 694 μg/kg; range = 32–2964
μg/kg), than in corn and corn-based products for human intake (mean = 218 μg/kg; range = 24–2170 μg/ kg). The incidence and
levels of fumonisin B2 were lower than those for fumonisin B1. Corn and corn-based products for animal consumption had an
incidence of fumonisin B2 of 58.3%, with a mean value of 283 μg/kg, and a range of 44–987 μg/kg. The incidence of fumonisin
B2 in corn-based products for human intake was 35.0%, with a mean value of 118 μg/kg and a range of 21–833 μg/kg. The highest
incidence and levels of fumonisins were found in samples of hominy feed, with concentrations ranging from 86 to 2964 μg/kg
fumonisin B1 and 57 to 987 μg/kg fumonisin B2. 相似文献
3.
Ono EY Fungaro MH Sofia SH Figueira EL Gerage AC Ichinoe M Sugiura Y Ueno Y Hirooka EY 《Mycopathologia》2004,158(4):451-455
Eleven feed samples associated with six animal (horse and poultry) intoxication outbreaks (1991) in the state of Paraná, Brazil,
were evaluated for fungal and fumonisin contamination. In order to estimate the␣trend of livestock intoxication, fumonisin
contamination was monitored in corn produced both at the commercial level (1991, 1995 crop), and in an experimental field
at a local Agronomy Institute (1997 crop). The total mould count in the feed samples ranged from 2.9 × 103 to 1.9 × 107 CFU/g, with Fusarium verticillioides as the predominant species, at a high count of 2.4 × 104–6.5 × 105 CFU/g. Fumonisins (FB1 + FB2) were detected in all corn-based feed samples at levels ranging from 2.89 to 14.54 μg/g. All 27 Northern corn samples (1991 crop) were contaminated with fumonisins at levels ranging from 2.32 to 16.64 μg/g. Twenty-six (96.3%) out of 27 corn samples from the Central-Southern region (1995 crop) were positive for fumonisins (FB1+FB2), with the range of 0.07–3.66 μg/g, while all 37 Northern samples (1995 crop) were contaminated with fumonisins ranging from 0.57 to 9.97 μg/g. Twenty-one out of 37 corn samples from the Northern region (1997 crop) were positive for fumonisins, but at low level
(range of 0.05–2.67 μg/g). The results showed a decreasing trend in fumonisin contamination over the years. Nowadays animal intoxication outbreaks
rarely occur in this State, as both animal producers and feed industries have become conscious about monitoring of corn and
other raw materials at the quality control level. 相似文献
4.
HuiJuan Kou Min Ye Qiang Fu Yang Han XiaoLi Du Jing Xie Zhu Zhu TaiSheng Li 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2012,55(4):321-327
High performance liquid chromatography was coupled with UV detection for simultaneous quantification of lopinavir (LPV) and
ritonavir (RTV) in human plasma. This assay was sensitive, accurate and simple, and only used 200 μL of plasma sample. Samples
were liquid-liquid extracted, and diazepam was used as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on
a C18 reversed-phase analytic column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (10 mmol L−1, pH 4.80) (60:40, v/v). UV detection was conducted at 205 nm and the column oven was set at 40°C. Calibration curves were
constructed between 0.5–20 μg mL−1 for LPV and 0.05–5 μg mL−1 for RTV. The relative standard deviations were 2.16%–3.20% for LPV and 2.12%–2.60% for RTV for intra-day analysis, and 2.34%–4.04%
for LPV and 0.31%–4.94% for RTV for inter-day analysis. The accuracy was within 100%±10%. The mean extraction recoveries were
79.17%, 52.26% and 91.35% for RTV, LPV and diazepam, respectively. This method was successfully applied to human plasma samples
from patients orally administered a salvage regimen of lopinavir-ritonavir tablets. 相似文献
5.
Inês Almeida Hermínia Marina Martins Sara Santos José M. Costa Fernando Bernardo 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):177-181
A total of 404 samples of commercial swine feed from Portugal feed mills were analysed by HPLC methods for the presence of
mycotoxins: 277 samples of feed for fattening pigs were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol
(DON), and 127 samples of feed for sows were analysed for ZEA and fumonisins (FB1 + FB2). Concerning feed for fattening pigs, 21 (7.6%) samples were positive for OTA, (2–6.8 μg/kg), 69 (24.9%) were positive for
ZEA (5–73 μg/kg), and 47 (16.9%) were positive for DON (100–864 μg/kg). In feed for sows, the results showed 29.9% of positive
samples for ZEA (5–57.7 μg/kg) and 8.7% positive samples for FB1 and FB2 (50–391.4 μg/kg). Co-occurrence of DON/ZEA was found most frequently, but simultaneous contamination with OTA/ZEA and OTA/DON
was also found. 相似文献
6.
Thirty-one bradyrhizobial and rhizobial strains infecting pigeon pea were screened for siderophore production using Chrome
Azurol S (CAS) agar plate as well as a CAS assay solution. Of a total of 31 strains only 23 showed siderophore production.
Of the 23 siderophore-positive strains, 21 strains showed the production of hydroxamate while 6 strains showed the presence
of catechol type of siderophore. A large variation in the quantity of hydroxamate and catechol produced by different rhizobial
strains was observed (1.03–3.73 μg hydroxamate N per mg protein; 0.19–3.43 μmol/L of catechol per mg protein). Maximum nodule
biomass was produced by strain PP-11 (CC-1020); strain G-14 formed minimum nodule biomass. Nitrogen contents of low, moderate
and high siderophore-producing strains were 11.4, 15.4, 20.9 mg per plant, respectively, iron contents were 1445, 1768 and
2003 ppm, respectively. Siderophore production was related to N2-fixing efficiency. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this research was to study whether the bioavailability of ursodeoxycholic acid could be improved by administering
ursodeoxycholic acid–phospholipid complex (UDCA–PLC) orally to rats. A central composite design approach was used for process
optimization in order to obtain the acceptable UDCA–PLC. The physicochemical properties of the complex obtained by optimal
parameters were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The pharmacokinetic parameters
and bioavailability studies were conducted in rats of UDCA after oral administration of UDCA–PLC and UDCA tablet. Multiple
linear regression analysis for process optimization revealed that the acceptable UDCA–PLC was obtained wherein the optimal
values of X
1, X
2 and X
3 were 3, 60°C and 3 h, respectively. The XRD studies of UDCA–PLC obtained by the optimal parameters demonstrated that UDCA
and phospholipids in the UDCA–PLC were combined by non-covalent bonds, not form new compounds. But pharmacokinetic parameters
of the complex in rats were T
max 1.6 h, C
max 0.1346 μg/ml, 11.437 μg·h/ml, respectively. The relative bioavailability of UDCA of UDCA–PLC was increased by 241%,compared with the reference
ursodeoxycholic acid tablet. 相似文献
8.
L. K. Wiersum 《Plant and Soil》1987,100(1-3):361-370
Summary A number of data on root performance of six different crop species during development were measured. The plants wre cultivated
in nutrient solution. Normal plant requirements were in the range of 4 mg O2 per g dry root per hour, 0.2–4μg K per cm2 total root surface per hour,2 0.2–2μg NO3 per om2 total root surface per hour.
An attempt was made to establish a ratio between forced water entry and total root surface as a measure of functional root
surface. The indication is that the relative surface of permeable root remains dominant during the phase of exponential growth
and declines thereafter.
The data collected are considered to be representative of normal requirements. They compare well with results published in
the literature. 相似文献
9.
Responses of mycelia ofGanoderma lucidum to vanadium, selenium and germanium were examined over a wide range of concentrations (10–1, 120 μg/ml) in pure culture.
Se and V were found to be highly toxic, but Ge was not toxic at the levels tested.Ganododerma lucidum cultivated on substrates of sawdust with V (30–80 μg/g) developed mature fruitbodies, but the bioaccumulation of V was quite
low (2.5–7 μg/g in pileus, 12.5–21.5 μg/g in stipe and <1 μg/g in basidiospores). Se as Na2SeO4 labeled with75Se was effectively taken up from substrates and accumulated in fruitbodies (mainly in pileus), then depleted by discharge
of basidiospores. Ge as GeCl4 labeled with77Ge was easily uptaken and translocated into fruitbodies. 相似文献
10.
The use of hair and bone as media in evaluation of lead exposure was investigated in this study. For 12–16 wk rats were given
tap water containing lead acetate in the following concentrations: 41.7 mg Pb/L, 83.3 mg Pb/L, and 166.6 mg Pb/L. The animals
were sacrificed every 4 wk and their tibia bones and hair were collected for determination of lead content. In control animals,
the lead level amounted to 1.2 μg/g (range 0.8–1.3 μg/g) and 0.7 μg/g (range 0.4–2.0 μg/g) in bone and hair, respectively.
In the treated rats the accumulation of lead in bone and hair occurred in a dose-dependent manner. A positive corelation (r=0.876) was established between the lead levels in bone and hair of the rats. The regression equation was as follows: μg Pb/g
bone=0.842×μg Pb/g hair+1.868. After discontinuation of exposure, a significant decrease in the lead content in bone and hair
was noticed. About 9 wk after cessation of treatment, the lead content in hair declined to the pre-exposure level, but 64%
of the maximal lead concentration did remain in bone. The results of this study indicate that during a continuous exposure
the lead level in hair reflects its content in bone. Such phenomena did not occur during the postexposure period. 相似文献
11.
S. A. Ghiasian M. R. Aghamirian A. H. Maghsood G. S. Shephard L. van der Westhuizen 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(1):25-28
Fumonisins, fungal toxins found primarily in maize and produced by various Fusarium species, have been shown to cause a variety of significant adverse health effects in livestock and experimental animals,
and are probable human carcinogens. Thirty-three maize samples were collected at ports from bulk shipments, which were imported
into Iran from six countries during 2001–2002, and analysed by HPLC for the most abundant of the naturally occurring fumonisin
analogues, namely fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3). Of the 33 samples, 21 (64%) were found to contain FB1 (58–512 μg/kg) at levels above 10 μg/kg. The frequency of FB1 found in maize samples imported from Uruguay and Canada was 75%, followed by China and Argentina (67%), USA (60%), and Brazil
(50%). The average FB1 level was 266 and 169 μg/kg for positive and all samples, respectively. Medians were 250 and 146 μg/kg for positive and all
samples, respectively. FB2 levels ranged from not detected (<10 μg/kg) to 53 μg/kg, whereas no sample had an FB3 level above the detection level (10 μg/kg). This is the first report of fumonisin contamination of imported maize in Iran.
Although, the level of all detected fumonisins were below the Iranian and FDA tolerance levels for foods and feeds, It is
necessary to maintain the strict rules to ensure continued safety of imported maize. 相似文献
12.
Nitrosomonas eutropha, an obligately lithoautotrophic bacterium, was able to nitrify and denitrify simultaneously under anoxic conditions when
gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was supplemented to the atmosphere. In the presence of gaseous NO2, ammonia was oxidized, nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) were formed, and hydroxylamine occurred as an intermediate. Between
40 and 60% of the produced nitrite was denitrified to dinitrogen (N2). Nitrous oxide (N2O) was shown to be an intermediate of denitrification. Under an N2 atmosphere supplemented with 25 ppm NO2 and 300 ppm CO2, the amount of cell protein increased by 0.87 mg protein per mmol ammonia oxidized, and the cell number of N. eutropha increased by 5.8 × 109 cells per mmol ammonia oxidized. In addition, the ATP and NADH content increased by 4.3 μmol ATP (g protein)–1 and 6.3 μmol NADH (g protein)–1 and was about the same in both anaerobically and aerobically grown cells. Without NO2, the ATP content decreased by 0.7 μmol (g protein)–1, and the NADH content decreased by 1.2 μmol (g protein)–1. NO was shown to inhibit anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
Received: 9 October 1996 / Accepted: 5 December 1996 相似文献
13.
V. E. Kataev I. Yu. Strobykina O. V. Andreeva B. F. Garifullin R. R. Sharipova V. F. Mironov R. V. Chestnova 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2011,37(4):483-491
Conjugates of the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (isonicotinyl hydrazine) and isomeric hydrazides of nicotinic and α-picolinic
acid with glycoside steviolbioside from the Stevia rebaudiana plant and the product of its acid hydrolysis, diterpenoid isosteviol, were synthesized. In addition, isosteviol hydrazide
and hydrazone derivatives as well as conjugates containing two isosteviol moieties joined by a dihydrazide linker were obtained.
The parental compounds and their synthetic derivatives were found to inhibit the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV). The measured minimal concentrations of stevio-side and steviolbioside, at which the growth of M. tuberculosis was inhibited by 100% (MIC), were 7.5 and 3.8 μg/ml, respectively. MIC values for steviolbioside and isosteviol conjugates
with hydrazides of pyridine carbonic acid were within the ranges of 5–10 and 10–20 μg/ml, respectively. The maximal inhibitory
effect against M. tuberculosis was shown by the isosteviol conjugates with adipic acid dihydrazide (MIC 1.7 and 3.1 μg/ml). Antituberculosis activities
of the tested compounds were higher than the activity of antituberculosis drug Pyrizanamide (MIC 20 μg/ml) but lower than
that of antituberculosis drug isoniazid (MIC 0.02–0.04 μg/ml). 相似文献
14.
Hashizume F Hino S Kakehashi M Okajima T Nadano D Aoki N Matsuda T 《Transgenic research》2008,17(6):1117-1129
Type II collagen (CII) in joint cartilage is known to be a major auto-antigen in human rheumatoid arthritis. Several animal
model- and clinical-studies on tolerance-based immunotherapy for the arthritis have been conducted by administrating synthetic
immunodominant peptides through an oral route. In the present study, to produce a tolerogenic peptide with therapeutic potential
in transgenic rice plants, a gene construct producing glutelin fusion protein with tandem four repeats of a CII250–270 peptide (residues 250–270) (GluA-4XCII250–270) containing a human T-cell epitope was introduced with a selection marker, hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hygromycin-resistance
gene) (hph), by co-transformation. Several transgenic plants with high and stable expression of gluA-4XCII
250–270
, but no hph, were selected based on both DNA and protein analyses. The GluA-4XCII250–270 fusion proteins were detected as both precursor and processed forms mainly in a glutelin fraction of rice endosperm protein
extracts and in protein-body rich fractions prepared by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The amount of accumulated CII250–270 peptide was immunochemically estimated to be about 1 μg per seed. Feeding DBA/1 mice the transgenic rice seeds (25 μg of
the peptide per mouse a day) for 2 weeks showed tendencies lowering and delaying serum specific-IgG2a response against subsequent
and repeated intraperitoneal-injection of type II collagen. Taken these together, the CII-immunodominant peptide could effectively
be produced and accumulated as a glutelin-fusion protein in the transgenic rice seeds, which might be useful as pharmaceutical
materials and functional food for prevention and therapy for anti-CII autoimmune diseases like human rheumatoid arthritis. 相似文献
15.
Two groups of 16 rats each were fed the same diet with 12.9 ppm Zn. Nine days after each animal was injected with65Zn for assessing fecal zinc of endogenous origin, zinc intake and excretion were determined for a six-day period at the age
of about five (group I) and nine (II) weeks. At mean growth rates of 5.1 and 5.2 g/day, food consumption per gram of gain
was 2.01 g in group I vs 2.86 g in II. Overall, zinc retention amounted to 21 vs 25 μg Zn/g of gain. Apparent absorption averaged
92 vs 74% of Zn intake (132 vs 189 μg/day), while true absorption averaged 98 vs 92%. It was concluded that endogenous fecal
zinc excretion was limited to the indispensable loss (F
em) in group I (7 μg/day), while it exceeded this minimum loss in group II (33 μg/day). True retention, which reflected total
zinc utilization (true absorption times metabolic efficiency), was derived from apparent absorption plusF
em (11 μg/day for group II according to the greater metabolic body size of the rats). It averaged 98% of Zn intake in group
I vs 80% in group II. The mean metabolic efficiency was 100% vs 87%. The conclusion was that these marked differences between
age groups in utilizing the dietary zinc reflected the efficient homeostatic adjustments in absorption and endogenous excretion
of zinc to the respective zinc supply status. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different concentrations of Na2SeO3 on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and human embryonic lung diploid cells in vitro was investigated. For human pulmonary
adenocarcinoma cells, mitotic index and cell count decreased with increasing selenium concentrations. At 1 μg/mL sodium selenite,
mitotic activity and growth of human lung cancer cells were partially inhibited, and the progression of human lung cancer
cell cycle was partially arrested. When human embryonic lung diploid cells were treated with 1 μg/mL sodium selenite for five
continuous days, cell counts of the treated group were closely parallel to those of the control group. After treating human
embryonic lung diploid cells with 1–5μg/mL sodium selenite for 1–3 d, the mitotic index (MI), labeled index (LI), and average
silver grain (SG) number per 20 labeled nuclei were the same as those of the control. In mixed cultures of human embryonic
lung diploid cells and human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells, treated with 3 and 5 μg/mL sodium selenite for 24 h, the lung
diploid cells showed a normal fusiform morphology, whereas the lung cancer cells showed heavily vacuolated cytoplasms and
distorted nuclei. 相似文献
17.
An effective and timesaving analytical method was developed for the determination of 12 ergot alkaloids (ergometrine, ergotamine,
ergocristine, α-ergokryptine, ergosine, ergocornine, and their respective -inine isomers) in rye and rye flour. Samples were
extracted with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate/methanol/aqueous ammonia (25%) (50/25/5/1, v/v/v/v), and extracts were purified
using a basic alumina column. The eluate was dried in the nitrogen stream and redissolved in acetonitrile/ ammonia carbamate-buffer
(0.2 g/1), (1/1, v/v), and injected into an HPLC-FLD system (λEx 330 nm, λEm 415 nm), using the same mixture as mobile phase and a Phenyl-Hexyl column. Detection limits for the individual compounds
ranged from 0.01 μg/kg to 0.5 μg/kg. In sample material spiked with a mixture of these compounds at two different levels (13
μg/kg and 27 μg/kg per compound), mean (n=5) recoveries were at 101% (sr 6.4%) and 89% (sr 3.1%), respectively.
Presented at the 28th Mykotoxin-Workshop, Bydgoszcz, Poland, May 29–31, 2006 相似文献
18.
We compared the effects of four quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids – chelerythrine, chelilutine, sanguinarine, and sanguilutine – and two quaternary protoberberine
alkaloids – berberine and coptisine – on the human cell line HeLa (cervix carcinoma cells) and the yeastsSaccharomyces cerevisiae andSchizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis. The ability of alkaloids to display primary fluorescence, allowed us to record their dynamics and localization in cells.
Cytotoxic, anti-microtubular, and anti-actin effects in living cells were studied. In the yeasts, neither microtubules nor
cell growth was seriously affected even at the alkaloid concentration of 100 μg/ml. The HeLa cells, however, responded to
the toxic effect of alkaloids at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μg/ml. IC50 values for individual alkaloids were: sanguinarine IC50 = 0.8 μg/ml, sanguilutine IC50 = 8.3 μg/ml, chelerythrine IC50 = 6.2 μg/ml, chelilutine IC50 = 5.2 μg/ml, coptisine IC50 = 2.6 μg/ml and berberine IC50 >10.0 μg/ml. In living cells, sanguinarine produced a decrease in microtubule numbers, particularly at the cell periphery,
at a concentration of 0.1 μg/ml. The other alkaloids showed a similar effect but at higher concentrations (5–50 μg/ml). The
strongest effects of sanguinarine were explained as a consequence of its easy penetration through the cell membrane owing
to nonpolar pseudobase formation and to a high degree of molecular planarity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Acetylene reduction and indoleacetic acid production by Azospirillum isolates from Cactaceous plants
Azospirillum isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil and roots of three cactaceae species growing under arid conditions.
All Azospirillum isolates from rhizosphere and roots ofStenocereus pruinosus andStenocereus stellatus were identified asA. brasilense; isolates of surface-sterilized roots fromOpuntia ficus-indica were bothA. brasilense andA. lipoferum. Azospirilla per g of fresh root in the three species ranged from 70×103 to 11×103. The most active strains in terms of C2H2 reduction (25–49.6 nmol/h·ml) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production (36.5–77 μg/ml) were those identified asA. brasilense and isolated from Stenocereus roots.A. lipoferum isolated from Opuntia roots produced low amounts of IAA (6.5–17.5 μg/ml) and low C2H2-reduction activity (17.8–21.2 nmol/h·ml). 相似文献
20.
中国科学 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2000,43(6):655-662
Using nystatin-perforated whole-cell recording configuration, the modulatory effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on γ-aminobutyric
acid (GABA)-activated whole-cell currents was investigated in neurons freshly dissociated from the rat sacral dorsal commissural
nucleus (SDCN). The results showed that: (i) NMDA suppressed GABA-and muscimol (Mus)-activated currents (Igaba and IMus), respectively in the Mg2+-free external solution containing 1 μmol/L glycine at a holding potential (V
H
) of −40 mV in SDCN neurons. The selective NMDA receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV, 100 γmol/L),
inhibited the NMDA-evoked currents and blocked the NMDA-induced suppression of Igaba; (ii) when the neurons were incubated in a Ca2+-free bath or pre-loaded with a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA AM (10 μmol/L), the inhibitory effect of NMDA on IGAba disappeared. Cd2+ (10 μmol/L) or La3+ (30 μmol/L), the non-selective blockers of voltage-dependent calcium channels, did not affect the suppression of Igaba by NMDA application; (iii) the suppression of IGAba by NMDA was inhibited by KN-62, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor. These results indicated
that the inhibition of GABA response by NMDA is Ca2+-dependent and CaMKII is involved in the process of the Ca2+-dependent inhibition. 相似文献