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1.
An efficient, rapid and large scale propagation of a multipurpose herb, Ocimum basilicum through in vitro culture of nodal segments with axillary buds from mature plants has been accomplished. Among the cytokinins,
6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) tested as supplements to Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium, 5.0 μM BA was optimum in inducing bud break. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved
on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combination. The shoots regenerated
from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone-free MS medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication
and shoot length by the end of third subculture. For rooting, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)
proved to be better than that supplemented with IAA or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The in vitro raised plantlets with
well developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse
with 90% survival rate. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and net photosynthetic rate were measured in leaves during ex vitro
acclimatization at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Firstly these parameters showed a decreasing trend but subsequently increased
after 7 days of acclimatization. These findings indicate that the adaptation of micropropagated plants to ex vitro conditions
is more extended in time than generally accepted. 相似文献
2.
A procedure for in vitro plant regeneration of Alnus acuminata from epicotyls with cotyledonary buds was developed using different media formulations with different growth regulators and carbon sources. The development of multiple buds on explants at the initiation step was obtained with MS at 1/2 strength with either 1 or 2M of BAP but not without it. Multiplication gave up to 15 elongating shoots by explant, the best medium being MS supplemented with vitamins from B5 medium, 1M of BAP and 87mM sucrose. Rooting of about 88% occurred in the medium MS with 83 mM sucrose and 1M IBA. Alnus acuminata did not developed well on WPM. Roots of in vitro propagated plants were nodulated by Alnus-infective Frankia. The root nodules show a typical alder root nodule anatomy and differentiation pattern and effectively fixed nitrogen. Rhamnaceae-infective Frankia did not nodulate in vitro cultivated Alnus acuminata suggesting that symbiotic recognition was not altered by in vitro regeneration of the plant. 相似文献
3.
Neuroprotection and free radical scavenging effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osmanthus fragrans</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ethanol extract of dried flowers Osmanthus fragrans (OFE) was assessed for free radical scavenging effects measured by the bleaching of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)
radical, scavenging of the hydroxyl anion, investigation of the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid-peroxidation
inhibition in rat tissues. OFE contained a high amount of total flavonoid and polyphenol. OFE presented the effects in the
metal reducing power, FRAP assay with IC50 values of 0.23 μg/ml, and 7.74 μg/ml, respectively. OFE presented similar activities toward the DPPH and hydroxyl anion scavenging
ability with IC50 values of 10 μg/ml. OFE with IC50 values between 46 and 97 μg/ml inhibited lipid peroxidation initiated by ferrous chloride in rat brain, liver, heart and kidney
mitochodrias. Moreover, the neuroprotective activity of OFE was investigated under different insults (glutamate, arachidonic
acid, and 6-hydroxydopamine) in Wistar rat primary cortical neurons. OFE with EC50 values between 66 and 165 μg/ml attenuated the neurotoxicity on MTT and LDH assays. In addition, the AKT protein expression
of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress was displayed by western blotting analysis. OFE could up-regulate the glutamate and
6-OHDA decreased AKT expression. This is the first demonstration of the neuroprotective, free radical scavenging and anti-oxidative
effects of O. fragrans. 相似文献
4.
A simple, rapid and efficient protocol for micropropagation of Cardiospermum halicacabum via axillary bud multiplication has been successfully developed. The organogenic competence of nodal segments was investigated
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), thidiazuron
(TDZ) and 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP). Multiple shoots differentiated directly without callus mediation within 4 weeks when
explants were cultured on a medium fortified with cytokinins. The maximum number of shoots (14.83 ± 0.52) was developed on
a medium supplemented with 0.3 μM TDZ. Such proliferating shoots when subcultured onto MS media devoid of TDZ gave the highest
rate of shoot multiplication (35.66 ± 1.00) by the end of fourth subculture passage. Elongated shoots were rooted on 1/3 MS
medium augmented with 0.5 μM IAA. The plantlets thus obtained were successfully hardened and transferred to greenhouse. 相似文献
5.
Summary Shoot apex, nodal, and leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni can regenerate shoots when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA; 8.87
μM) and indole-3-acetic acid (5.71 μM). Rooting of the in vitro-derived shoots could be achieved following subculture onto auxin-containing medium. A survival rate of 70% was recorded at
the hardening phase on the substrate cocopeat. The presence of the sweet diterpene glycosides, viz. stevioside and rebaudioside,
was confirmed in the in vitro-derived tissues of Stevia using HPTLC techniques. Callus cultured on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with BA (8.87 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (9.80 μM) showed the highest sweetener content. 相似文献
6.
Sandra I. Pitta-Alvarez Fabricio Medina-Bolivar María A. Alvarez Agustina A. Scambatto Patricia L. Marconi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(6):502-507
Berberis buxifolia Lam., known as “Calafate”, is a plant native to Argentina that exhibits antimicrobial activity. This biological activity
is attributed to the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. The aim of this research was to test the antimicrobial properties of
different extracts of this species, taking berberine as the reference molecule, and to examine if the expression of bacterial
multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps could be responsible for possible resistance mechanisms. To this end, a wild-type
and a mutant strain of Staphylococcus aureus with a defective MDR efflux pump were used and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined. The
studies were carried out with infusions of in vivo shoots and “Calafate” commercial tea, as well as with the media derived from shoot cultures incubated with different plant
growth regulators (thidiazuron, picloram, and jasmonic acid). As far as antimicrobial activity is concerned, all the extracts
tested were significantly more effective than berberine standard. “Calafate” commercial tea and shoot tea had inhibitory concentrations
similar to the one observed for ampicillin standard. The media from the shoot cultures, however, were significantly more effective
than all the others, particularly the one derived from jasmonic acid, suggesting the presence of compounds that could be acting
synergistically with berberine. There were no differences in antimicrobial activity against the wild-type and the mutant S. aureus; no definite conclusions could be drawn concerning the relationship between MDR pumps and possible pathogen resistance to
extracts of B. buxifolia. 相似文献
7.
Notocactus scopa cv. Soonjung was subjected to in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration, pin-pricking, and a combination of the two methods. The pin-pricking combined with vacuum infiltration (20-30 cmHg for 15 min) resulted in a transformation efficiency of 67-100%, and the expression of the uidA and nptII genes was detected in transformed cactus. The established in planta transformation technique generated a transgenic cactus with higher transformation efficiency, shortened selection process, and stable gene expression via asexual reproduction. All of the results showed that the in planta transformation method utilized in the current study provided an efficient and time-saving procedure for the delivery of genes into the cactus genome, and that this technique can be applied to other asexually reproducing succulent plant species. 相似文献
8.
9.
Xiao-Long Huang Bo Yang Chun-Gen Hu Jia-Ling Yao 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(2):209-215
Inflorescence induction and morphogenesis of regenerated flowers were investigated in vitro in Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. Inflorescence induction was influenced by the type and concentration of phytohormones. When floral bud explants
were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing a combination of 2.0 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid, the highest frequency of inflorescence induction was observed. However, in the presence of gibberellic
acid, induction efficiency was reduced although node length of inflorescence was increased. Ontogenetic studies revealed that
the inflorescence primordia originated directly from axillary epidermal cells of the perianth and bract of the explants after
7 days. In vitro, male flowers developed normally and blossomed after 90–100 days. In addition, some bisexual flowers were
observed. These results demonstrated that there were differences in sexual differentiation of floral buds in vitro compared
with that in vivo. 相似文献
10.
11.
The small group of resurrection plants is a unique model which could help us in further understanding of abiotic stress tolerance. The most frequently used approach for investigations on gene functions in plant systems is genetic transformation. In this respect, the establishment of in vitro systems for regeneration and micro propagation is necessary. On the other hand, in vitro cultures of such rare plants could preserve their natural populations. Here, we present our procedure for in vitro regeneration and propagation of Haberlea rhodopensis – a resurrection plant species, endemic for the Balkan region. 相似文献
12.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
13.
Anželika Kurilčik Renata Miklušytė-Čanova Stasė Dapkūnienė Silva Žilinskaitė Genadij Kurilčik Gintautas Tamulaitis Pavelas Duchovskis Artūras Žukauskas 《Central European Journal of Biology》2008,3(2):161-167
Effects of illumination spectrum on the morphogenesis of chrysanthemum plantlets (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Ellen’) grown in vitro were studied using an illumination system consisting of four groups of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the following spectral
regions: blue (450nm), red (640nm), red (660nm), and far-red (735nm). Taking into account all differences in shoot height,
root length, and fresh and dry weight (FW and DW, respectively), observed while changing the total photon flux density (PFD),
the optimal total PFD for growth of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro was estimated. For 16 h photoperiod and typical fractions of the spectral components (14%, 50%, 28%, and 8%, respectively),
the optimal total PFD was found to be 40 μmol m−2 s−1. Our study shows that the blue component in the illumination spectrum inhibits the plantlet extension and formation of roots
and simultaneously increases the DW to FW ratio and content of photosynthetic pigments. We demonstrate photomorphogenetic
effects in the blue region and its interaction with the fractional PFD of the far-red spectral component. Under constant fractional
PFD of the blue component, the root number, length of roots and stems, and fresh weight of the plantlets have a correlated
nonmonotonous dependence on the fractional PFD of the far-red component. 相似文献
14.
The biotransformation of racemic 1-phenylethanol (30 mg) with plant cultured cells of basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. Purpurascens, 5 g wet wt) by shaking 120 rpm at 25°C for 7 days in the dark gave (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol and acetophenone in 34 and 24% yields, respectively. The biotransformation can be applied to other 1-arylethanols
and basil cells oxidized the (S)-alcohols to the corresponding ketones remaining the (R)-alcohols in excellent ee. 相似文献
15.
Noel H. Holmgren 《Brittonia》2018,70(1):115-139
A revision of Penstemon sect. Saccanthera subsect. Serrulati includes a new species (P. salmonensis), a new variety (P. triphyllus var. infernalis), and the elevation of a subspecies to species (P. curtiflorus), bringing the total number of species to eight, which are keyed and described, complete with nomenclature and type citations. 相似文献
16.
Sazada Siddiqui Mukesh K. Meghvansi Mushtaq A. Wani Farah Jabee 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(3):531-536
The effect of cadmium (Cd) was studied on root tips of Pisum sativum L. Seeds of P.
sativum were treated with a series of concentrations ranging from 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 and 1.000 mM for 6 h. The effect of Cd was
analyzed by studying the percentage seed germination, radicle length (RL), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations
(CAs) in root tip. The results revealed that Cd had significant impeding effect on the root meristem activity of P.
sativum at 0.500 and 1.000 mM as noticed by reduction in seed germination percentage and RL compared to control. Furthermore, it
also reduced MI in dose-related manner compared to control. Additionally, the variation in the percentage of mitotic abnormalities
was observed. The overall percentage of aberrations generally increased with increasing concentrations of Cd. Among these
abnormalities laggards, bridges, stickiness, precocious separation and fragments were most common. The obtained results demonstrated
that the Cd treatment leads to a significant reduction in MI and increase in CAs. Overall results allow us to suggest that
the Cd has clastogenic effect on the crop. 相似文献
17.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
18.
Studying Pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner.
The study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. Our efforts to infect the invertebrate
larvae Galleria
mellonella with Pneumocystis proved futile since P. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within G. mellonella. It did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the host. 相似文献
19.
Branka Vinterhalter Dijana Krstić Milošević Teodora Janković Jelena Milojević Dragan Vinterhalter 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(4):690-697
Gentiana dinarica Beck, rare and endangered species of Balkan Dinaric alps, was in vitro propagated (micropropagated) from axillary buds of plants collected at Mt. Tara, Serbia. G. dinarica preferred MS to WPM medium, with optimal shoot multiplication on MS medium with 3% sucrose, 1.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA. Rooting was not clearly separated from shoot multiplication since BA did not completely inhibit root initiation. Spontaneous
rooting on plant growth regulator-free medium occurred in some 30% of shoot explants. Rooting was stimulated mostly by decreased
mineral salt nutrition and a medium with 0.5 MS salts, 2% sucrose and 0.5–1.0 mg l−1 IBA was considered to be optimal for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimated and further cultured in peat-based
substrate. 相似文献
20.
T. Zhang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(2):91-94
This study investigated the factors affecting in vitro flowering of Perilla frutescens. The shoots regenerated from cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid, each at 0.5 mg l−1, were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 30 g l−1 of sucrose, 8.25 g l−1 of ammonium nitrate, and 1.0 mg l−1 of BA. After 40 d of culture, 86.2% of shoots flowered and most of which self-fertilized in vitro and produced mature fruits with viable seeds. These seeds were germinated and plants were grown to maturity and flowered
in soil under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro flowering system reported in this study may facilitate rapid breeding of P. frutescens and offers a model system for studying the physiological mechanism of flowering. 相似文献