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众所周知,葡萄不仅风味优美,营养丰富,而且还具有医疗保健作用。到目前为止,全世界共有葡萄栽培品种约为1.4万多个,实际用于生产的品种只有100—200个。葡萄品种资源不仅丰富多样,而且品种间在外形、颜色及风味等方面均有极其丰富的多样性。在过去的几十年中,我国种植和在市场出售的葡萄品种80%为巨峰和玫瑰香。近年来,美国红地球(俗称红提)的引进,又使人们误认为硬肉的为提子,软肉的才称葡萄。其实提子是我国某些地区对葡萄的一种习惯叫法,红提即是红色葡萄的意思。我们经过50年的葡萄育种、选种试验,目前已培育出16个适于我国种植的抗寒酿… 相似文献
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利用基因工程培育抗病葡萄 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PlantCellReports ,2 0 0 0年 19卷 7期 6 39~ 6 4 6页报道 :早在 5 0 0 0多年以前 ,人类已育成了栽培葡萄(Vitisvinifera)。现今 ,全世界 6 0多个国家的葡萄总种植面积已高达 90 0万公顷。葡萄的果实可作新鲜水果也可制成无核葡萄干食用 ,还可酿成葡萄酒或榨取葡萄汁饮用。但真菌病可使葡萄果实的产量和品质造成严重的损失。葡萄的最严重的真菌病有葡萄钩丝壳 (Uncinulanecator)引起的白粉病、痂囊腔菌 (Elisinoeampelina)引起的炭疽病、葡萄生单轴霉 (葡萄灰霉 ) (Plas… 相似文献
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抗寒力极强的山葡萄与优良品种杂交,F1、F2和F3抗寒性仍较强,品质趋优。经高代综合杂交组合,选育出一批抗寒性强、经济性状好的新品种(品系)。 相似文献
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茶花以其艳丽、硕大的花朵深受人们的喜爱,但一些病害也往往给茶花爱好者和生产者带来烦恼。以往培育茶花品种,多采用常规育种方法,很难在短期内培育出抗病新品种。近年来,基因工程技术的发展,为加快茶花抗病新品种的培育开辟了新路。目前英国学者正在利用农杆菌侵染法培育抗病茶花的工作,就是一个例证。自然界中,农杆菌的侵染,实际上就是把某些基因转入到被侵染植物的遗传物质中。研究者首先把有用的基因(如抗病基因)转移到农杆菌上,并通过农杆菌侵染使这些外源基因插入到植物的作用基因中。近而得到转基因植株。利用这一原理培… 相似文献
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《中国野生植物资源》2015,(6)
‘藤玉’是从‘藤稔’和‘紫玉’的杂交后代中选出的优质中熟葡萄新品种。该品种平均穗质量875 g,平均粒质量15.38 g,最大粒重25.8 g。果粒近圆形,紫红-紫黑色,可溶性固形物16.5%~19%,果肉中等脆,每果粒含种子1~2粒。在张家港地区,8月上旬浆果成熟。植株生长势强。芽眼萌发率为83.33%,结果枝占芽眼总数66.67%,每果枝平均着生果穗数1.25个。此品种抗逆性强,易于管理。 相似文献
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冬季低温是制约我国葡萄和葡萄酒产业发展的主要因素之一,揭示葡萄在冷胁迫下的信号转导通路、挖掘抗寒相关基因并解析其功能,对高耐寒品种的培育具有重要的理论和应用价值。本研究在欧亚种‘玫瑰香’葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.‘Muscat Hamburg’)冷胁迫相关转录组分析的基础上,鉴定了一个抗寒候选基因,通过同源性分析将其命名为VvCOR27。VvCOR27基因的cDNA序列(1082 bp)中,其开放阅读框(ORF)为909 bp,编码302个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,13个物种的COR27蛋白均具有3个特有的保守结构域。定量RT-PCR分析表明,VvCOR27在4℃低温处理24 h后大量表达。基于基因组序列的启动子基序分析表明,VvCOR27启动子区均只含有1个EE、EEL、G-box、ABREL元件,其数量少于AtCOR27,这可能是VvCOR27响应冷胁迫较AtCOR27滞后的原因。对3个超表达VvCOR27转基因拟南芥株系的抗寒性鉴定表明,VvCOR27参与了植株对冷胁迫的应答并作为正调控因子增强了植株对冷胁迫的耐受能力。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病是真菌病害,病原菌为大丽轮枝菌(Vertillium daliae),因致病力不同可分为不同的致病类型或生理小种。据统计,黄萎病对棉花的危害有逐年加重的趋势。1993年是我国棉花黄萎病大发生的一年,发病面积约占全国棉田的一半以上。尤其是北方棉区受害更重,重病棉田棉花病株率在80%以上,其中落叶成光秆的病株率高达50%,损失皮棉达1亿公斤。新疆棉区由于种植面积不断扩大(2000年皮棉总产占全国的1/3以上),引种不规范和 相似文献
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我国当前的葡萄生产中,早熟大粒优质的鲜食品种很少,而在为数甚少的早熟品种中,由于果粒较小,产量偏低,或抗性差,易裂果,或鲜食品质欠佳,均难以大面积栽培,以致形成巨峰,龙眼等中、晚熟品种一统天下,市场早熟葡萄奇缺的局面。 相似文献
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It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme
responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare
the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show
that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by
distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of
demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least
one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of
the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable
potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs. 相似文献
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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases 相似文献
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Lina Rustanti Hongping Jin Dongsheng Li Mary Lor Haran Sivakumaran David Harrich 《中国病毒学》2018,33(2):142-152
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The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献