水杨酸对马铃薯试管微薯形成的影响研究

研究了不同浓度水杨酸（ＳＡ）对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长,分化及试管微薯诱导和发育的 浓度ＳＡ显著抑帛式管苗主茎和根的生长,促进侧枝和匍匐茎分化。高浓度（０．１－１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＳＡ能诱导试管微薯形成并显著提高结薯率。ＳＡ浓度为０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,结薯率最高,且成薯集中,薯块大小整齐一致。     

‘红皮’马铃薯试管苗培养和微型薯诱导

以‘红皮’马铃薯块茎上的芽为材料进行试管苗诱导、增殖及试管微型薯诱导研究。结果表明：在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L +活性炭0.17% + 蔗糖20 g/L培养基中培养30 d,试管苗增殖系数达8.6;MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L +活性炭0.17% +蔗糖100 g/L培养基中试管微型薯诱导效果较好,30 d后诱导率达62.5%,试管薯平均直径为4.2 mm。     

“固液双层”培养法诱导马铃薯‘米拉’试管薯的研究

该研究以马铃薯‘米拉’品种的脱毒试管苗为材料,采用"固液双层"的培养方式,通过正交试验对其试管苗壮苗生长阶段和试管薯诱导阶段的培养基进行优化,并通过单因素试验研究蔗糖浓度、光照条件和CCC浓度对试管薯结薯的影响。结果表明:在"固液双层"培养中,‘米拉’壮苗培养阶段优化的培养基为改良MS培养基(硝酸铵为2 000 mg·L~(-1)、硝酸钾为2 000 mg·L~(-1))+500 mg·L~(-1)CCC+0.1%活性炭+0.1mg·L~(-1)DA-6+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+3%蔗糖+6 g·L~(-1)琼脂,pH 5.8。试管薯诱导及生长阶段优化的培养基为MS_1培养基(微量元素和铁盐的用量为MS培养基的2倍)+1.5%活性炭+4 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+8%蔗糖。在试管薯诱导阶段,弱光4 h·d~(-1)培养诱导的试管薯,结薯指数、大薯率、薯块重量均优于暗培养。"固液双层"培养是一种低成本的方法,在组织培养室内就可以大量繁殖‘米拉’试管薯,并且能增加原种的数量,这种方法也能用于马铃薯其他栽培品种试管薯的诱导。     

蔗糖对紫色土豆微型薯形成及花青素含量的影响

为深入探讨蔗糖在植物花青素生物合成过程中的调节作用,以紫色土豆为材料,分析不同蔗糖浓度对紫色土豆外植体生长、花青素含量、微型薯形成以及花青素生物合成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,紫色土豆外植体在蔗糖浓度为15 g/L时生长情况最好,平均长度最长,平均重量最重,但高浓度蔗糖对外植体生长起抑制作用;蔗糖能促进紫色土豆花青素含量的积累及微型薯的形成,随着蔗糖浓度的增加,花青素含量随之增加,紫色土豆花青素含量在蔗糖浓度为120 g/L时最高,为5.11 mg/g FW,是对照组的8.89倍;蔗糖浓度为60 g/L时,微型薯重量最重,为0.34 g,结实率最高,达到22.50%。RT-PCR结果显示,蔗糖能促进St F3’5’H、St UFGT以及St DFR的表达,蔗糖通过调控此类花青素合成相关基因的表达影响紫色土豆花青素含量。     

香豆素和寡糖素对马铃薯试管结薯的影响

本研究将生理活性物质香豆素、人参寡糖素和黑节草寡糖素分别加入含有BAP5.0mg/l、蔗糖8％的MS基本培养基中,用于诱导马铃薯试管结薯,并与加入矮壮素诱导的结薯效果作了比较。结果表明,在加入100mg/l香豆素时,试管结薯的数量与使用500mg/l矮壮素效果相近似。使用50mg/l人参寡糖素或10mg/l黑节草寡糖素时,试管结薯的数量明显超过或略超过用500mg/l矮壮素的效果。对4种处理下获得的试管薯进行了过氧化物酶的同工酶及酶活性的测定。结果表明,这4种不同的外源生长调节剂在使用浓度恰当时,所结薯块的过氧化物酶同工酶谱和过氧化物酶活性是近似的。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导及其遗传转化体系的优化

目的：对马铃薯试管薯诱导及遗传转化体系进行优化研究。方法：利用3种培养法对马铃薯品种甘农薯2号和Favorita进行了试管薯的诱导,并用农杆菌介导法对其遗传转化体系进行优化研究。结果：用固体培养、固液培养和液体培养法诱导的甘农薯2号试管薯单瓶平均结薯数分别为4．6、4．4和6．5个,块茎平均直径分别为6．2、5．8和7．7ram;而Favorita单瓶平均结薯数为5．4、5．8和7．4个,平均直径分别达6．2、5．9和7．3mm。用浓度为OD600=0．5的农杆菌菌液侵染8min,共培养2d能够获得较高的转化频率。结论：液体培养法诱导试管薯的效果最好,建立的高频率遗传转化体系使甘农薯2号和Favorita的转化频率分别可达42．6％和36．8％。     

香豆素浓度及光照条件对马铃薯试管薯诱导影响初步研究

利用马铃薯脱毒苗直接在三角瓶中诱导马铃薯结薯,试图在更少的空间和更短的时间内诱导出大量试管薯,以便于大规模工厂化生产,获得高质量的原种。在不同香豆素浓度、不同光照条件下对马铃薯试管薯诱导进行研究,结果表明,全黑暗条件对试管薯形成、结薯数和平均单薯重有促进作用;培养基中加入60mg／L香豆素明显提前试管薯形成期,显著增加结薯数;加入30mg／L香豆素显著提高单薯重。     

生长调节物质、碳源和光周期对山薯试管薯形成和生长发育的影响

研究了IBA、NAA、PP_(333)和KT这4种植物生长调节剂组合处理以及碳源与光周期处理对山薯试管薯形成和生长发育影响。结果表明:(1)MS 2.0mg·L~(-1)IBA 1.0mg·L~(-1)NAA 0.5mg·L~(-1)PP_(333) 1.0mg·L~(-1)KT有利于山薯试管薯的形成和生长发育(成薯指数18.2189);(2)蔗糖作为碳源对山薯试管薯数量的诱导效果优于白糖(每瓶试管薯增加8.20个):75g·L~(-1)的糖有利于山薯试管薯的形成和生长发育(成薯指数225.5590);(3)光照时间长短影响试管薯数量,但对成薯指数的影响不显著。     

蔗糖,GA与液体培养基对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

马铃薯是全球第四大粮食作物,粮菜兼用,有丰富的营养价值。马铃薯块茎是马铃薯最具经济价值的部分。马铃薯块茎形成的过程受多种调控途径的调控,其中最重要的是蔗糖途径和赤霉素(GA)途径。本实验设计蔗糖浓度,GA浓度和培养基类型3个因素的正交试验,通过对马铃薯的结薯时间,结薯数,马铃薯均重和大薯率的统计发现高浓度的蔗糖能够使马铃薯结薯提前,液体培养基能够增加马铃薯的薯重和大薯率。添加8%蔗糖和0.1 mg/L GA的液体MS培养基能够使马铃薯提前结薯并且得到的马铃薯数量多,薯重大。     

正交拉丁方实验在猕猴桃组织培养中的应用

本文应用正交试验法对中华猕猴桃组织培养过程中培养基的Z_t、K_t和NAA浓度进行了优选。试验结果表明:Z_t的浓度变化对愈伤组织诱导率、平均丛生芽数以及平均愈伤组织重量均有极显著的影响,而K_t和NAA的浓度变化不显著。对愈伤组织诱导率的最佳配方为1.5mg/L Z_t+0.05mg/L K_t+0.95mg/L(?)NAA;对平均丛生芽数和平均愈伤组织重量的最佳配方为2.9mg/L Z_t+0.05mg/L K_t+1.5mg/L NAA。     

糖、GA3及ABA对印度娃儿藤(Tylophora indica(Burm.f.)Merrill)体细胞胚发生的影响

从印度娃儿藤节间外植体获取愈伤组织,分析了糖、赤霉素(GA3)及脱落酸(ABA)对愈伤组织形成体细胞的影响。实验证明,含4μmol/L2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的MS培养基是获得具有成胚功能的愈伤组织的最佳培养基。在含有6μmol/L激动素(Kn)的MS培养基上,高达69%的愈伤组织分化为体细胞胚,平均单位外植体(每克愈伤组织)产胚25个。在6μmol/LKn存在的条件下,分析了蔗糖、葡糖糖对胚产生的影响,不同的糖及不同糖浓度对体细胞胚的发生影响很大。6μmol/L Kn与200mmol/L蔗糖处理胚胎发生率最大(71%),单位外植体生成49个胚。然而葡萄糖与Kn、或者葡糖糖、蔗糖与Kn三者加在一起则降低成胚率及产胚数。一定浓度的GA3和ABA能促进体细胞胚的产生。在含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中加10μmol/LGA3胚的生成率为98%,单位外植体产胚51个。在含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中加2μmol/L ABA能显著增加体细胞胚的量,该培养基上每外植体平均生成44个胚,产率为95%。本研究显示,含200mmol/L蔗糖的培养基中分别加入6μmol/L Kn、10μmol/L GA3或者2μmol/L ABA能显著提高印度娃儿藤体细胞胚发生率,而单独的葡萄糖或葡糖糖和蔗糖则有抑制作用。得到的胚均能正常发育并分化为植株。     

马铃薯微型薯形成的动力学研究

研究了麦芽糖、蔗糖和乳糖等不同碳源和ＫＮＯ３,（ＮＨ４２）２ＳＯ４和谷氨酰胺等不同氮源对３个马铃薯品种虎头、克４（Ｋ）和Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ（Ｆ）的微型薯形砀影响及培养液中蔗糖浓度和电导率等生长参数的动力学变化。     

Effects of different saccharose and electrolyte concentrations on preserved erythrocytes

Preservation solutions for buffy coat-free red cell concentrates with sucrose concentrations from 234 decreasing up to 15 mmol per 1 solution were tested. The hemolysis rate increased from 0.5 up to 1.9% by decreasing the sucrose concentration. The red cell volume was unchanged at low sucrose concentrations. No differences were noticed in ATP content and morphological changes. A considerable extracellular pH shift at high sucrose concentration exists only at the beginning of storage. A sucrose concentration of 30-50 mmol/l solution (3-5 mmol per unit red cell concentrate) at an ionic strength of 0.16 proves to be most suitable.     

Investigations into the Role of Sucrose in Potato cv. Estima Microtuber Production in vitro

Sucrose has been the carbohydrate traditionally used for potatomicrotuber production. Added to nutrient media, sucrose canact solely as a carbon source, or as an osmoticum, or both.Preliminary tests showed that the osmolarity of sucrose solutionswas increased by autoclaving, indicating some breakdown of thesugar. This was taken into consideration in experiments whichinvolved supplementing 4% sucrose media with sucrose, maltose,glucose or fructose, while keeping the osmotic potential ofthe media constant. A medium concentration of about 400 mM withonly sucrose was more suitable for microtuber production thanmedia supplemented with maltose, glucose or fructose. However,a better microtuber yield was obtained when hexoses were addedthan with unsupplemented 4% sucrose media. When glucose wassupplied at concentrations which had the same number of carbonatoms as 8% sucrose, the high osmolarity inhibited microtuberisation.Sugar movement in the tubering plantlet was followed using radio-labelledsucrose, glucose and fructose. The sucrose was translocatedand used at a faster rate than the other sugars, which tendedto remain in the roots of the plantlets. Furthermore, therewas no difference in microtuber production on media to whichthe sucrose was added before or after autoclaving, indicatingthat levels of breakdown were not severe enough to affect theprocess. Therefore, it is concluded that sucrose acts primarilyas a suitable carbon source for uptake and utilization by theplantlets, but, at 8%, it also provides a favourable osmolarityfor the development of microtubers.Copyright 1995, 1999 AcademicPress Solanum tuberosum (L.), potato, microtuber, media, sugar, sucrose, osmolarity, pH     

东北红豆杉细胞培养生产紫杉醇的调控研究

研究了诱导子、前体及抑制剂的协调作用对东北红平杉生产紫杉醇的影响。结果表明,向培养基中加入80mg/L水到、80mg/L茉莉酸甲酯、0.5mmol/L乙酸钠、2mmol/L苯丙氨酸、0.5mmol/L丝氨酸、0.1mmol/L甘氨酸、10mg/L肉桂酸、0.5mmol/L苯甲酸钠、5mmol/L丙酮酸钠、10mg/L氯化氯胆碱、和1mg/L赤霉酸可使紫杉醇含量提高368.65%。并且证明交互作用对紫杉醇合成有显著作用。     

Preservation of resuspended red cell concentrate. Red cell volume and hemolysis

Sucrose in a concentration of 30 to 50 mmol/l preservation solution (10-20 mmol/l red cell concentrate (RCC) and 3-5 mmol per unit RCC) and an ionic strength of about 0.16 avoid changes of red cell volume during 6 weeks of storage. Increasing sucrose concentrations up to 80 mmol/l RCC decrease the hemolysis. But a sucrose concentration of only 10 mmol/l RCC causes an acceptable low hemolysis rate of 0.25% after 35 days of storage in PCV FENWAL plastic bags. Sucrose can be replaced by mannitol or sorbitol at the same final concentration. Changes in red cell metabolism and viability will not be expected.     

Sucrose utilization during potato microtuber growth in bioreactors

 Potato microtubers are used as pathogen-tested in vitro stocks for certified seed potato production. Microtubers grown in a rotating bioreactor grew at a faster rate when the medium was replaced frequently. Although the total microtuber number was not affected, the number of microtubers over 1 g quadrupled when 75% of the medium was replaced every 2 weeks when compared with no medium refreshment. Significantly slower microtuber growth rates resulted when a lower sugar concentration (40 g 1⁻¹ instead of 80 g 1⁻¹) was used or when a mixture of glucose and fructose replaced sucrose. Although high sucrose levels are necessary for optimal microtuber production, the sucrose supplied was rapidly hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose, making the long-term maintenance of desirable sucrose levels difficult. These results indicate that successful strategies to reduce sucrose hydrolysis without inhibiting microtuber growth will improve the efficiency of sucrose utilization in potato microtuber bioreactors. Received: 1 December 1998 / Revision received: 6 May 1999 · Accepted: 19 May 1999     

干旱胁迫下外源氯化钙、水杨酸和一氧化氮对石蒜抗旱性的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了外源氯化钙（CaCl2）、水杨酸（SA）和NO供体硝普钠（SNP）处理对干旱胁迫下石蒜抗旱性的影响。结果表明,较低浓度的CaCl2对石蒜抗旱性的影响不显著,而随着CaCl2预处理浓度的提高,石蒜的抗旱效果显著增强。较低浓度SA和sNP可显著提高石蒜的抗旱性,而高浓度则会发生毒害作用。利用模糊隶属函数法综合评价渗透调节物质、膜系统和抗氧化酶活性多项指标可以得出,喷施10mmol·L—CaCl2、2mmol-L。SA和0．5mmol·L-1 SNP对石蒜抗旱性的提高具有显著效果。     

l-threonine production by polyauxotrophic mutants ofArthrobacter globiformis

A number of methionine, methionine+lysine-, and (methionine+lysine+isoleucine)-auxotrophic mutants producing threonine have been isolated from a glutamate-producing strain ofArthrobacter globiformis by a three-step mutagenesis with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The best double mutant ML24 requiring methionine and lysine for growth produced 3.2 gl-threonine per L in the synthetic Alföldi medium (200 mmol/L) glucose, 80 mmol/L ammonium nitrate) supplemented with 5 μg biotin per L and optimum (0.5 mmol/L) methionine and lysine concentrations.     

离体草鱼肠道对亮氨酸和酪氨酸的吸收与利用

采用同位素示踪和肠道离体灌流方法,研究了草鱼离体肠道对亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)的吸收转运与利用。实验结果表明:当Leu浓度从1.0mmol/L增加到5.0mmol/L、10mmol/L时,肠道吸收转运的速度表现出“高浓度抑制”效应,运输到肠道外的比例为83%、66%和35%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为2%、5%和13%;肠道组织内游离形式的比例为9%、28%和49%;其他形式的比例为6%、1%和3%。Tyr浓度从0.5mmol/L增加到1.5mmol/L、2.5mmol/L时,肠道对Tyr的吸收转运速度也随之增加,运输到肠道外的比例为52%、55%和55%;合成肠道蛋白质的比例为17%、15%和16%:肠道组织内游离形式的比例为7%、10%和16%;其他形式的比例为24%、20%和13%。肠道在吸收转运Leu和Tyr的同时,也利用它们合成蛋白质的和其他方面,Leu的吸收利用受灌流试验氨基酸浓度影响较大、而Tyr受影响较小;随着肠道内灌流的试验氨基酸浓度增加,吸收转运到肠道外的比例下降、留存于肠道内的比例增加,肠道合成的蛋白质绝对量也增加。