JDV与三种牛反转录病毒相互关系的初步研究

为研究JDV与其它三种牛反转录病毒BIV、BLV、BFV的相互作用关系,将以JDV、BIV、BLV、BFV的LTR为启动子,以Luc为报告基因的质粒和以上病毒反式激活因子的表达质粒共转染BL12细胞系,通过瞬时表达分析试验证明了JDV和BIV的LTR和Tat之间亲缘关系很近,能够相互激活;JDV Tat可以反式激活BLVLTR,BLV Tax不能激活JDV LTR;JDV LTR上存在BFV Tas的应答元件;BLV、BFV和BIV的LTR和反式激活因子间不存在相互激活.     

RNA结合域决定JDV Tat具有较强的激活能力

为分析JDV与BIV、HIV-1LTR和Tat相互激活能力差异的原因,在氨基酸序列对比及HIV-1Tat功能域划分的基础上构建了JH、HJ、JB、BJ几种嵌合Tat蛋白,并克隆到真核表达载体。将上述表达质粒与以JDV、BIV和HIV-1LTR为启动子,以luc为报告基因的质粒共转染Hela细胞,证实了三种不同Tat激活能力的差异主要来自其结合域RNA结合能力的差异,排除了结构域不完整和细胞因子缺乏造成JH不激活HIV-1LTR的可能性。     

RNA结合域决定JDV Tat具有较强的激活能力

为分析JDV与BIV、HIV-1 LTR和Tat相互激活能力差异的原因,在氨基酸序列对比及HIV-1 Tat功能域划分的基础上构建了JH、HJ、JB、BJ几种嵌合Tat蛋白,并克隆到真核表达载体.将上述表达质粒与以JDV、BIV和HIV-1 LTR为启动子,以luc为报告基因的质粒共转染Hela细胞,证实了三种不同Tat激活能力的差异主要来自其结合域RNA结合能力的差异,排除了结构域不完整和细胞因子缺乏造成JH不激活HIV-1 LTR的可能性.     

JDV Tat反式激活LTR与HIV-1 Tat采用类似的细胞因子

为分析JDV Tat在反式激活JDV及HIV-1 LTR过程中是否采用与H1V-1 Tat类似的细胞因子,本文构建了包含完整激活域的jTat70和hTat47,同时构建了cyclin T1和CDK9真核表达及反义转译质粒。过量表达hTat47和jTat70对hTat反式激活HIV-1 LTR,jTat反式激活JDV和HIV-1 LTR均有明显的抑制作用推测jTat和hTat的反式激活作用可能涉及类似的细胞因子。通过cyclin T1和CDK9的反义转译质粒对jTat反式激活的抑制作用证实这两种细胞因子参与了jTat对JDV和HIV-1 LTR的反式激活。     

JDV Tat反式激活LTR与HIV-1 Tat采用类似的细胞因子

为分析JDV Tat在反式激活JDV及HIV-1 LTR过程中是否采用与HIV-1 Tat类似的细胞因子,本文构建了包含完整激活域的jTat70和hTat47,同时构建了cyclin T1和CDK9真核表达及反义转译质粒.过量表达hTat47和jTat70对hTat反式激活HIV-1 LTR,jTat反式激活JDV和HIV-1 LTR均有明显的抑制作用推测jTat和hTat的反式激活作用可能涉及类似的细胞因子.通过cyclin T1和CDK9的反义转译质粒对jTat反式激活的抑制作用证实这两种细胞因子参与了jTat对JDV和HIV-1LTR的反式激活.     

RU5区对BFV3026基因表达的调控

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus, BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料,构建R区系列缺失质粒, 通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定,确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用;同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下,通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定,确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用,并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内.     

RU5区对BFV3026基因表达的调控

以牛泡沫病毒(Bovine foamy virus,BFV)中国株BFV3026原病毒DNA为材料,构建R区系列缺失质粒,通过对其转染细胞中RT水平及对缺失质粒与luc报告质粒共转染细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶活性的测定,确立U5区对于BFV3026两类启动子LTR和IP均具有负调控作用;同时将带有不同R区的BFV3026结构基因片段克隆于异源启动子CMV之下,通过对其转染细胞293T中RT酶活性的测定,确立R区对于病毒结构基因pol的表达具有一定的调节作用,并将其功能区域初步界定在R区5′端100bp内。     

牛免疫缺陷病毒反式激活因子功能域的研究

牛免疫缺陷病毒(Bovine immunodeficiency virus, BIV)与人免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunod eficiency virus, HIV)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属[1].BIV基因组5′端的长末端重复序列(LTR)起始病毒结构基因和非结构基因的转录[2],因而许多细胞因子和病毒编码的调节蛋白作用于LTR,以调节BIV的基因表达.     

牛泡沫病毒长末端重复序列在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能

泡沫病毒具有复杂的基因组结构,包含典型反转录病毒共有的长末端重复序列(long terminal repeat,LTR)启动子,负责起始结构基因gag、pol、env的表达,并在env基因内部存在独有的内部启动子(internal promoter,IP)[13],用以起始下游反式作用因子Tas(在BFV中称Borf-1)的表达.有报道劳斯肉瘤病毒(rous sarcoma virus,RSV)和人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)LTR可在E.coli中起始基因表达[4,7].泡沫病毒至今未见报道.     

SIRT1影响Tat介导的HIV-1转录

Tat蛋白在HIV的转录复制中起重要作用.它能反式激活HIV的转录,促进HIV长末端重复序列(HIV LTR)的转录和延长.Tat蛋白是去乙酰化酶SIRT1的一种重要底物.Tat的乙酰化与非乙酰化状态在激活转录过程中受高度精密调控.如果Tat乙酰化状态在转录过程中受到干扰,随后其促使的HIV转录也将受到干扰.近来发现,组蛋白去乙酰化酶SIRT1在Tat蛋白介导的反式激活HIV转录过程中起重要的调控作用.SIRT1能对乙酰化的Tat进行去乙酰化,使其能在促使HIV转录的过程中循环利用.同时Tat与SIRT1的结合也会使核转录因子NF-κB的p65亚基处于超乙酰化状态,致使病毒基因组表达.研究SIRT1与Tat的相互关系为治疗HIV提供了新的方向.     

牛免疫缺陷病毒反式激活因子功能域的研究

牛免疫缺陷病毒 (Ｂｏｖｉｎｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ,ＢＩＶ )与人免疫缺陷病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｉｍ ｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ,ＨＩＶ)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属[1] 。ＢＩＶ基因组 5′端的长末端重复序列 (ＬＴＲ)起始病毒结构基因和非结构基因的转录[2 ] ,因而许多细胞因子和病毒编码的调节蛋白作用于ＬＴＲ ,以调节ＢＩＶ的基因表达。其中Ｔａｔ蛋白是ＢＩＶ的反式激活因子 ,可大大提高ＬＴＲ的转录水平 ,在ＢＩＶ的基因表达及基因组复制的调节中起重要作用[3 ] 。ＨＩＶ、马传染性贫血病毒 (Ｅｑｕｉ…     

Characterization of the Jembrana Disease Virus tat Gene and the cis- and trans-Regulatory Elements in Its Long Terminal Repeats

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a newly identified bovine lentivirus that is closely related to the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). JDV contains a tat gene, encoded by two exons, which has potent transactivation activity. Cotransfection of the JDV tat expression plasmid with the JDV promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct pJDV-U3R resulted in a substantial increase in the level of CAT mRNA transcribed from the JDV long terminal repeat (LTR) and a dramatic increase in the CAT protein level. Deletion analysis of the LTR sequences showed that sequences spanning nucleotides −68 to +53, including the TATA box and the predicted first stem-loop structure of the predicted Tat response element (TAR), were required for efficient transactivation. The results, derived from site-directed mutagenesis experiments, suggested that the base pairing in the stem of the first stem-loop structure in the TAR region was important for JDV Tat-mediated transactivation; in contrast, nucleotide substitutions in the loop region of JDV TAR had less effect. For the JDV LTR, upstream sequences, from nucleotide −196 and beyond, as well as the predicted secondary structures in the R region, may have a negative effect on basal JDV promoter activity. Deletion of these regions resulted in a four- to fivefold increase in basal expression. The JDV Tat is also a potent transactivator of other animal and primate lentivirus promoters. It transactivated BIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) LTRs to levels similar to those with their homologous Tat proteins. In contrast, HIV-1 Tat has minimal effects on JDV LTR expression, whereas BIV Tat moderately transactivated the JDV LTR. Our study suggests that JDV may use a mechanism of transactivation similar but not identical to those of other animal and primate lentiviruses.     

牛泡沫病毒中国株感染兔的研究

将牛泡沫病毒(BFV3026)感染的细胞经耳缘静脉注射兔子,并以正常细胞注射的兔为对照。1年后处死,病毒挽救实验及PCR检测显示：兔经一次注射即可被BFV3026感染,病毒广泛分布于感染兔的多种脏器中,通过共培养可从感染兔血、肝、脾、肺、肾中拯救出相应感染性病毒颗粒,并在脑、骨髓、心、胰、肠系膜中检到高拷贝BFV原病毒DNA存在。同时,血清学检测表明：感染兔在接受注射一个月后即产生高滴度抗病毒蛋白抗体,并维持该滴度水平直至实验终止,兔未表现任何可观病变。     

牛泡沫病毒中国株感染兔的研究

将牛泡沫病毒(BFV3026)感染的细胞经耳缘静脉注射兔子,并以正常细胞注射的兔为对照.1年后处死,病毒挽救实验及PCR检测显示兔经一次注射即可被BFV3026感染,病毒广泛分布于感染兔的多种脏器中,通过共培养可从感染兔血、肝、脾、肺、肾中拯救出相应感染性病毒颗粒,并在脑、骨髓、心、胰、肠系膜中检到高拷贝BFV原病毒DNA存在.同时,血清学检测表明感染兔在接受注射一个月后即产生高滴度抗病毒蛋白抗体,并维持该滴度水平直至实验终止,兔未表现任何可观病变.     

A Quantitative Assay for Measuring of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Using a Luciferase-based Indicator Cell Line

In order to quantitate the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection in vitro, a BIV indicator cell line (BIVL) was established by transfecting baby hamster kidney cells with reporter plasmids containing the firefly luciferase gene driven by a BIV long terminal repeat promoter. The BIV activates promoter activity of the LTR to express luciferase upon infection. BIV infection could therefore by quantified by detection of luciferase activity. Compared to standard assays used to detect BIV infection, the B...     

A quantitative assay for measuring of bovine immunodeficiency virus using a luciferase-based indicator cell line

In order to quantitate the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection in vitro, a BIV indicator cell line (BIVL) was established by transfecting baby hamster kidney cells with reporter plasmids containing the firefly luciferase gene driven by a BIV long terminal repeat promoter. The BIV activates promoter activity of the LTR to express luciferase upon infection. BIV infection could therefore by quantified by detection of luciferase activity. Compared to standard assays used to detect BIV infection, the BIVL-based assay is 10 times more sensitive than the the CPE-based assay, and has similar sensitivity with the viral capsid protein Western blot assay. BIV indicator cell line could detect BIV infection specifically. Luciferase activity of BIV infected BIVL cells showed a time dependent manner, and 60 h post infection is the optimal time to detect BIV infection. Luciferase activity of BIVL cells correlates with the BIV capsid protein expression. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between MOI and the activated intensity of luciferase expression. In brief, the BIV indicator cell line is an easy, robust and quantitive method for monitoring BIV infection.     

Subcellular localization analysis of bovine foamy virus Borf1 protein

The Borf1 protein is encoded by an immediate-early gene of the bovine foamy virus (BFV) and plays a key role in the viral life cycle. Borf1 is a DNA binding protein which can transactivate both the long terminal repeat (LTR) and the internal promoter (IP) of BFV by specifically binding to the transactivation responsive element (TRE). To analyze the subcellular localization of Borf1 during the BFV life cycle, this gene was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed in a soluble form. After the purification and immunization, we raised the mouse anti-Borf1 serum with a high titer based on ELISA results. Western blot analysis showed that the antiserum could specifically recognize the Borf1 protein that was expressed in 293T cells. With this specific serum, we revealed the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of Borf1 in HeLa cells that was transfected with Borf1. Moreover, the immuno-fluorescence assay also showed that the localization of Borf1 during the infection and transfection of BFV was identical.     

Subcellular Localization Analysis of Bovine Foamy Virus Borfl Protein

The Borfl protein is encoded by an immediate-early gene of the bovine foamy virus （BFV） and plays a key role in the viral life cycle. Borfl is a DNA binding protein which can transactivate both the long terminal repeat （LTR） and the internal promoter （IP） of BFV by specifically binding to the transactivation responsive element （TRE）. To analyze the subcellular localization of Borfl during the BFV life cycle, this gene was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed in a soluble form. After the purification and immunization, we raised the mouse anti-Borfl serum with a high titer based on ELISA results. Western blot analysis showed that the antiserum could specifically recognize the Borfl protein that was expressed in 293T cells. With this specific serum, we revealed the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of Borfl in HeLa cells that was transfected with Borfl. Moreover, the immuno-fluorescence assay also showed that the localization of Borfl during the infection and transfection of BFV was identical.