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Valle J Toledo-Arana A Berasain C Ghigo JM Amorena B Penadés JR Lasa I 《Molecular microbiology》2003,48(4):1075-1087
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SarA is an essential positive regulator of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm development 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Tormo MA Martí M Valle J Manna AC Cheung AL Lasa I Penadés JR 《Journal of bacteriology》2005,187(7):2348-2356
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O'Gara JP 《FEMS microbiology letters》2007,270(2):179-188
Recent progress in elucidating the role of the icaADBC-encoded polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) or polymeric N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) in staphylococcal biofilm development has in turn contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of device-related infections. Nevertheless, our understanding of how the ica locus and PIA/PNAG biosynthesis are regulated is far from complete and many questions remain. Moreover, beyond ica, evidence is now emerging for the existence of ica-independent biofilm mechanisms in both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Teichoic acids, which are a major carbohydrate component of the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix and the major cell wall autolysin, play an important role in the primary attachment phase of biofilm development, whereas the cell surface biofilm-associated protein and accumulation-associated protein are capable of mediating intercellular accumulation. These findings raise the exciting prospect that other surface proteins, which typically function as antigenic determinants or in binding to extracellular matrix proteins, may also act as biofilm adhesins. Given the impressive array of surface proteins expressed by S. aureus and S. epidermidis, future research into their potential role in biofilm development either independent of PIA/PNAG or in cooperation with PIA/PNAG will be of particular interest. 相似文献
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Ulrich M Bastian M Cramton SE Ziegler K Pragman AA Bragonzi A Memmi G Wolz C Schlievert PM Cheung A Döring G 《Molecular microbiology》2007,65(5):1276-1287
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Regulation of icaR gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Yu-Ming Chang Chun-Han Ho Cammy K.-M. Chen Manuel Maestre-Reyna Masatoshi Weiting Chang-Chien Andrew H.-J. Wang 《Nucleic acids research》2014,42(8):5314-5321
The teicoplanin-associated locus regulator (TcaR) regulates gene expression of proteins on the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus involved in staphylococci poly-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis. The absence of TcaR increases poly-N-acetylglucosamine production and promotes biofilm formation. Until recently, the mechanism of multiple antibiotic resistance regulator family protein members, such as TcaR, was restricted to binding double-stranded DNA. However, we recently found that TcaR strongly interacts with single-stranded DNA, which is a new role for this family of proteins. In this study, we report Staphylococcus epidermidis TcaR–single-stranded DNA complex structures. Our model suggests that TcaR and single-stranded DNA form a 61-symmetry polymer composed of TcaR dimers with single-stranded DNA that wraps outside the polymer and 12 nt per TcaR dimer. Single-stranded DNA binding to TcaR involves a large conformational change at the DNA binding lobe. Several point mutations involving the single-stranded DNA binding surface validate interactions between single-stranded DNA and TcaR. Our results extend the novel role of multiple antibiotic resistance regulator family proteins in staphylococci. 相似文献
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The staphylococcal accessory regulator SarA and the alternative sigma factor σB have been previously identified as positive regulators, and IcaR as a negative regulator, of icaADBC expression. Here, we show that in Staphylococcus aureus SarA and σB are also required for icaR expression and that IcaR does not have a significant effect on its own expression. 相似文献
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Glucose-related dissociation between icaADBC transcription and biofilm expression by Staphylococcus epidermidis: evidence for an additional factor required for polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis
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Dobinsky S Kiel K Rohde H Bartscht K Knobloch JK Horstkotte MA Mack D 《Journal of bacteriology》2003,185(9):2879-2886
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Staphylococcus aureus develops an alternative, ica-independent biofilm in the absence of the arlRS two-component system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Toledo-Arana A Merino N Vergara-Irigaray M Débarbouillé M Penadés JR Lasa I 《Journal of bacteriology》2005,187(15):5318-5329
The biofilm formation capacity of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates is considered an important virulence factor for the establishment of chronic infections. Environmental conditions affect the biofilm formation capacity of S. aureus, indicating the existence of positive and negative regulators of the process. The majority of the screening procedures for identifying genes involved in biofilm development have been focused on genes whose presence is essential for the process. In this report, we have used random transposon mutagenesis and systematic disruption of all S. aureus two-component systems to identify negative regulators of S. aureus biofilm development in a chemically defined medium (Hussain-Hastings-White modified medium [HHWm]). The results of both approaches coincided in that they identified arlRS as a repressor of biofilm development under both steady-state and flow conditions. The arlRS mutant exhibited an increased initial attachment as well as increased accumulation of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). However, the biofilm formation of the arlRS mutant was not affected when the icaADBC operon was deleted, indicating that PNAG is not an essential compound of the biofilm matrix produced in HHWm. Disruption of the major autolysin gene, atl, did not produce any effect on the biofilm phenotype of an arlRS mutant. Epistatic experiments with global regulators involved in staphylococcal-biofilm formation indicated that sarA deletion abolished, whereas agr deletion reinforced, the biofilm development promoted by the arlRS mutation. 相似文献
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Staphylococcus and biofilms 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Götz F 《Molecular microbiology》2002,43(6):1367-1378
The genetic and molecular basis of biofilm formation in staphylococci is multifaceted. The ability to form a biofilm affords at least two properties: the adherence of cells to a surface and accumulation to form multilayered cell clusters. A trademark is the production of the slime substance PIA, a polysaccharide composed of beta-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamines with partly deacetylated residues, in which the cells are embedded and protected against the host's immune defence and antibiotic treatment. Mutations in the corresponding biosynthesis genes (ica operon) lead to a pleiotropic phenotype; the cells are biofilm and haemagglutination negative, less virulent and less adhesive on hydrophilic surfaces. ica expression is modulated by various environmental conditions, appears to be controlled by SigB and can be turned on and off by insertion sequence (IS) elements. A number of biofilm-negative mutants have been isolated in which polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production appears to be unaffected. Two of the characterized mutants are affected in the major autolysin (atlE) and in D-alanine esterification of teichoic acids (dltA). Proteins have been identified that are also involved in biofilm formation, such as the accumulation-associated protein (AAP), the clumping factor A (ClfA), the staphylococcal surface protein (SSP1) and the biofilm-associated protein (Bap). Concepts for the prevention of obstinate polymer-associated infections include the search for new anti-infectives active in biofilms and new biocompatible materials that complicate biofilm formation and the development of vaccines. 相似文献
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