无芒隐子草CsPEAMT基因克隆及表达特性分析

以无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)干旱胁迫下的cDNA文库中磷酸乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶(phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase,PEAMT)基因的EST序列为基础,采用RACE方法克隆该基因编码区序列,该序列全长为2 104bp,开放读码框1 506bp,编码501个氨基酸。无芒隐子草PEAMT蛋白编码的氨基酸序列与多种植物的PEAMT氨基酸序列有较高相似性,其中与高粱SbPEAMT、玉米ZmPEAMT的蛋白序列相似性最高(93%),说明PEAMT基因在植物进化中非常保守。采用实时定量RT-PCR分析无芒隐子草幼苗在干旱过程中CsPEAMT基因的表达结果显示,干旱胁迫诱导CsPEAMT基因在根和叶中大量表达,且在干旱第8天时CsPEAMT基因在叶和根中表达量分别是未干旱对照的43.35倍和13.25倍,复水后CsPEAMT基因的表达量开始下调。研究表明CsPEAMT基因可能是无芒隐子草抗旱性相关的基因。     

无乳链球菌诱导吉富罗非鱼分泌型免疫球蛋白M(sIgM)重链基因的克隆及原核表达

以灭活的无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)诱导后的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为材料,构建其头肾SMART cDNA文库,应用同源性克隆和RACE-PCR技术克隆到吉富罗非鱼(O.niloticus)分泌型免疫球蛋白M(sIgM)重链基因的全长cDNA序列并对其进行生物信息学分析。sIgM基因cDNA全长为1 921 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 740 bp,5'端非编码区(5'-UTR)41 bp,3'端非编码区(3'-UTR)140 bp,编码579个氨基酸,N端有信号肽结构。预测分子量(MW)为64.26 kD,理论等电点(pI)为5.36。系统进化树分析显示,吉富罗非鱼(O.niloticus)sIgM与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)和军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)的亲缘关系较近。sIgM基因有4个恒定区。将吉富罗非鱼(O.niloticus)sIgM基因恒定区序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建原核表达质粒pET28-sIgM,诱导表达后确定最优条件为37℃条件下,IPTG浓度为0.05 mmol/L时诱导4 h蛋白表达量最大。纯化蛋白后经Western blot分析,sIgM融合蛋白与鼠抗His-Tag发生特异结合,表明目的蛋白成功表达。     

奥利亚罗非鱼髓样分化因子(MyD88)的克隆及其在组织中的表达

髓样分化因子（myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88）是TLR（toll-like receptor）信号通路的关键接头蛋白,在先天性免疫中具有重要作用。通过RACE-RCR技术克隆了奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）MyD88基因cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号：JN032017）。序列分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88 基因全长为1 611 bp,其中包括155 bp的5’非编码区,589 bp的3’非编码区和867 bp的编码区,编码288个氨基酸残基。MyD88蛋白N端具有死亡结构域,C端具有TIR结构域。同源性分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88氨基酸序列与鳜鱼（Siniperca chuats）相似性最高,为85.8%,与其他鱼类相似性为70%~82%,与哺乳动物相似性为63%~66%;系统进化树分析表明,奥利亚罗非鱼MyD88与同属鲈形目的鳜鱼、大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）聚在一起。采用实时定量PCR方法检测MyD88在奥利亚罗非鱼各组织中的表达情况。结果显示,MyD88在所有被测组织中都有表达,其中表达量最高的是卵巢,其次在小肠、脾、肝、肾、鳃和血液中有较高的表达量,肌肉、精巢组织中表达量最低。本研究可为进一步探讨MyD88在奥利亚罗非鱼TLR信号通路中的作用奠定一定的基础。     

萨罗罗非鱼AQP3 cDNA序列克隆及盐度胁迫下组织表达特征

利用cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)克隆了萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanothern)鳃组织中水通道蛋白3(AQP3)的cDNA序列。AQP3 cDNA全长1894 bp,其中,开放阅读框912 bp,编码303个氨基酸,5'和3'非编码区长度分别为98 bp和884 bp。氨基酸序列分析显示,萨罗罗非鱼AQP3与莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)同源性最高,达94%,含6个跨膜区。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)检测了不同盐度胁迫下萨罗罗非鱼11种组织中AQP3 mRNA的相对表达水平。0、15盐度下,鳃、肌肉、皮肤中表达水平相对较高,其他组织表达相对较低,且15盐度中各组织的表达水平低于0盐度;30盐度下,各组织以肠道表达量相对最高。推测在不同的渗透压调节作用中,萨罗罗非鱼通过不同组织器官中AQP3来参与水的转运过程。     

红罗非鱼Na~+-K~+-ATPase α基因的克隆及其在不同盐度条件下mRNA表达差异

为获知红罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的全长分子结构及其在不同盐度条件下的表达情况,采用同源克隆及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE-PCR)方法,首次在红罗非鱼鳃组织中克隆到了全长为3 379 bp的Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因全长cDNA序列,该序列包含3 072 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),143 bp的5'末端非编码区(UTR)和164 bp的3'末端非编码区(UTR),编码1023个氨基酸,预测分子量为112.5 kD,理论等电点为5.26。BLAST分析显示红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因编码的氨基酸序列与其它已知物种相应基因编码的氨基酸序列的同源性达到97%-99%;系统进化分析显示,红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα亚基与萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)和莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)亲缘关系较近。应用Real-time PCR技术,以β-actin基因为内参,对不同盐度(0、15、25、32 g/L)条件下鳃组织中Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达情况进行了比较分析,结果表明,当盐度为25 g/L时,Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达量达到峰值,而盐度升至32 g/L时,其表达量呈下降趋势;各盐度处理组中,养殖12 h后Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的mRNA表达量显著上升(P0.05)并达到最高;随着养殖时间的延长,24 h后该基因mRNA表达量开始降低,但仍然显著高于对照组的表达量值(P0.05)。     

黄鳝性逆转过程中Gsdf基因cDNA片段的克隆和表达分析

通过RT-PCR法从黄鳝性腺中首次克隆获得黄鳝Gsdf(gonadal soma-derived factor)基因的片段序列,该片段序列长218 bp,编码72个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析表明黄鳝Gsdf基因片段与其他物种的相似性在61%~76%之间,其中与舌齿鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)GsdfⅠ型、舌齿鲈GsdfⅡ型同源性最高,均为76%;系统进化树显示,黄鳝Gsdf与尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)Gsdf基因聚成一支,与鲈形目鱼类亲缘关系较近。此外,不同性腺组织的基因检测结果显示,黄鳝Gsdf在卵巢和间期性腺的表达量很低,两者没有显著性差异(P0.05);在精巢组织中的表达量显著高于卵巢、间期性腺组织的表达量(P0.05)。上述结果表明Gsdf基因可能在黄鳝的性腺尤其是精巢的分化和发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

盐胁迫对橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼AQP1基因表达的影响

水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)是一类细胞膜通道蛋白,能够选择性地高效转运水分子。为研究橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)AQP1基因在渗透压调控中的作用,该实验克隆了橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼的AQP1基因,并利用实时荧光定量方法(q PCR)分析了该基因在各个组织中的表达分布及其在盐度梯度胁迫(低盐胁迫(22‰)和高盐胁迫(35‰))条件下鳃、肾和肌肉的表达特征。结果显示AQP1基因c DNA全长2 612 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)774 bp,编码258个氨基酸;其DNA序列全长3 215 bp,包含2个内含子,3个外显子。组织分布结果表明,AQP1基因在各组织都有表达,在肾、皮肤和肌肉中表达量相对较高;盐胁迫结果显示,在盐度为22时鳃和肾中表达量在6 h达到峰值,肌肉中在24 h达到峰值;当盐度升至35时,鳃、肾和肌肉表达量均升高。实验结果表明,AQP1基因的表达与盐度密切相关,并参与橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼的渗透压调控。     

油菜矮秆突变WRKY转录因子cDNA克隆及表达分析

以甘蓝型油菜为材料,利用已建立的抑制性消减文库(SSH),采用RACE技术克隆到1个植物WRKY转录因子相关基因,命名为BnD11,其cDNA全长1034 bp,含有810 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码269个氨基酸。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥WRKY40氨基酸序列相似性为79%,与拟南芥中编码WRKY-DNA结合蛋白40基因的氨基酸序列相似性达78%,与其它多种植物的WRKY转录因子的氨基酸序列也有较高的相似性。半定量RT-PCR对BnD11进行组织特异性表达分析显示:在正常生长条件下,BnD11在野生型和矮秆油菜的各个组织中均有表达,但在矮秆突变的根、茎、茎尖的相对表达量明显高于野生型。研究表明,BnD11功能区段具有很高的保守性,可能参与了油菜的茎秆发育。     

尼罗罗非鱼生长激素及其受体的cDNA克隆与mRNA表达的雌雄差异

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)雌雄鱼生长差异明显,为了探讨其原因,本文采用RT-PCR方法克隆了尼罗罗非鱼生长激素(Growthhormone,GH)及其受体(Growth hormone receptor,GHR)的cDNA序列,并应用半定量RT-PCR方法比较了雌、雄尼罗罗非鱼垂体GHmRNA、肝脏GHRmRNA、肌肉GHRmRNA的表达差异。序列分析表明:GH开放阅读框为615bp,共编码204个氨基酸;GHR开放阅读框为1908bp,共编码635个氨基酸。以RT-PCR方法研究了GH、GHR在各组织的分布情况,结果表明:GH仅在垂体中检测到有表达,而GHR在所检测的18种组织中均有表达,其中以肝脏、肌肉、性腺、下丘脑、胸腺表达量较高。以半定量RT-PCR方法进一步比较了雌、雄尼罗罗非鱼垂体GHmRNA、肝脏GHRmRNA、肌肉GHRmRNA的表达量,结果表明:雄鱼垂体GHmRNA和肝脏GHRmRNA的表达量均显著高于雌鱼,肌肉GHRmRNA的表达量则无显著差异,推测垂体GHmRNA和肝脏GHRmRNA表达的雌雄差异是尼罗罗非鱼雌雄生长差异的主要原因之一。     

刺五加细胞色素P450基因的克隆与表达分析

根据已报道的人参、三七等植物的细胞色素P450(Cytochrome P450,P450)基因的cDNA序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR法克隆刺五加P450基因的cDNA全长序列,并分析其在不同生长发育时期和器官中的表达情况。结果显示,克隆了全长为1 410 bp的刺五加P450基因的cDNA序列,该基因编码469个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。GenBank登录号为KF498590,与人参、三七的P450氨基酸序列一致性分别为91.5%和90.4%。刺五加的P450基因在不同生长发育时期和器官中均有表达,但表达量具有显著差异(P0.05)。最大表达量出现在盛花期,为最低表达量(萌芽期)的1.26倍。各器官中,叶片的表达量最高,是最低量幼茎的1.49倍。     

Expression,Identification and Purification of Dictyostelium Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Expressed in Escherichia coli

Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AT) is an enzyme that catalyses the CoA-dependent thiolytic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA to yield 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA, or the reverse condensation reaction. A full-length cDNA clone pBSGT-3, which has homology to known thiolases, was isolated from Dictyostelium cDNA library. Expression of the protein encoded in pBSGT-3 in Escherichia coli, its thiolase enzyme activity, and the amino acid sequence homology search revealed that pBSGT-3 encodes an AT. The recombinant AT (r-thiolase) was expressed in an active form in an E. coli expression system, and purified to homogeneity by selective ammonium sulfate fractionation and two steps of column chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 4.70 mU/mg protein. Its N-terminal sequence was (NH₂)-Arg-Met-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Ala-Lys-Asn-Leu-Glu-, which corresponds to the sequence from positions 15 to 24 of the amino acid sequence deduced from pBSGT-3 clone. The r-thiolase in the inclusion body expressed highly in E. coli was the precursor form, which is slightly larger than the purified r-thiolase. When incubated with the cell-free extract of Dictyostelium cells, the precursor was converted to the same size to the purified r-thiolase, suggesting that the presequence at the N-terminus is removed by a Dictyostelium processing peptidase.     

Cloning and characterization of calreticulin and its association with salinity stress in P. trituberculatus

Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved and multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein and plays important roles in salinity stress response. Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important fishery species, and water salinity conditions influence its commercial farming significantly. In order to research the function of calreticulin under salinity stress, the full-length cDNA sequence of calreticulin from P. trituberculatus (PtCRT) was firstly cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of PtCRT is 1676 bp with 1218 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 405 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the deduced acid amino sequences of PtCRT shared the highest homology to CRT of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (89 %). Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that PtCRT was expressed in all detected tissues and showed the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. In addition, salinity challenge significantly influenced the expression level of PtCRT in gill. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in cDNA sequence of PtCRT, and one SNP was associated with the salt tolerant trait. All results indicated that PtCRT plays an important role in mediating the salinity adaption of P. trituberculatus.     

Analysis of Cationic Amino Acid Transport Activity in Canine Lens Epithelial Cells

Cationic amino acid transport activity in a canine lens epithelial cells (LEC) line was investigated. The transporter activity of arginine was 0.424 ± 0.047 nmol/mg protein min, while the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of the canine cationic amino acid transporter (CAT), reduced transport activity by 30%. A full-length cDNA sequence of canine CAT1 was 2558 bp long and was predicted to encode the 629 amino acid polypeptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine CAT1 showed similarities of 92.1% and 88.6% to those of the human and mouse, respectively. Western blot analysis detected a band at 70 kDa in a membrane protein sample of LEC. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that CAT1 was ubiquitously detected in all tissues examined.     

Coagulant thrombin-like enzyme (barnettobin) from Bothrops barnetti venom: Molecular sequence analysis of its cDNA and biochemical properties

The thrombin-like enzyme from Bothrops barnetti named barnettobin was purified. We report some biochemical features of barnettobin including the complete amino acid sequence that was deduced from the cDNA. Snake venom serine proteases affect several steps of human hemostasis ranging from the blood coagulation cascade to platelet function. Barnettobin is a monomeric glycoprotein of 52 kDa as shown by reducing SDS-PAGE, and contains approx. 52% carbohydrate by mass which could be removed by N-glycosidase. The complete amino acid sequence was deduced from the cDNA sequence. Its sequence contains a single chain of 233 amino acid including three N-glycosylation sites. The sequence exhibits significant homology with those of mammalian serine proteases e.g. thrombin and with homologous TLEs. Its specific coagulant activity was 251.7 NIH thrombin units/mg, releasing fibrinopeptide A from human fibrinogen and showed defibrinogenating effect in mouse. Both coagulant and amidolytic activities were inhibited by PMSF. N-deglycosylation impaired its temperature and pH stability. Its cDNA sequence with 750 bp encodes a protein of 233 residues. Indications that carbohydrate moieties may play a role in the interaction with substrates are presented. Barnettobin is a new defibrinogenating agent which may provide an opportunity for the development of new types of anti-thrombotic drugs.     

Characterization of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase from silkmoth (Antheraea pernyi) and pesticidal drug design based on the baculovirus-expressed enzyme

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT; EC 2.3.1.87) catalyzes the N-acetylation of arylalkylamines. A cDNA encoding AANAT (ApAANAT) was cloned from Antheraea pernyi by PCR. The cDNA of 1966 bp encodes a 261 amino acid protein. The amino acid sequence was found to have a high homology with Bombyx mori AANAT (BmNAT) but had very low homology with vertebrate AANATs. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that four insect AANATs cloned from three species including ApAANAT formed a distinct cluster from the vertebrate group. A recombinant ApAANAT protein was expressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression system, having AANAT activity. The transformed cell extract acetylated tryptamine, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine, octopamine and norepinephrine. The AANAT activity was inhibited at over 0.03 mM tryptamine. Although insect AANATs have been considered as a target of insecticide, this type of insecticide has never been developed. Screening a chemical library of Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., we found a novel compound and its derivatives that inhibited the AANAT activity of ApAANAT. This may facilitate investigation of the monoamine metabolic pathway in insects and the development of new types of insecticides and inhibitors of AANATs.     

Molecular cloning of cDNA for lysenin,a novel protein in the earthworm Eisenia foetida that causes contraction of rat vascular smooth muscle

Lysenin, which causes contraction of rat vascular smooth muscle, is a protein that was isolated from the earthworm Eisenia foetida. A cDNA encoding lysenin was isolated by use of a partial cDNA probe that had been generated by the PCR with a primer designed by reference to an internal peptide sequence of lysenin. This clone had an ORF encoding 297 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA revealed the absence of any significant homology to those of previously characterized vasoactive substances. The recombinant lysenin was produced in Escherichia coli. This protein and native lysenin isolated from the earthworm had similar contractive activities when tested on rat aorta. Northern blot analysis of the RNA from various tissues of the earthworm indicated that lysenin is produced by the coelomocytes.     

Isolation and Characterization of the PKAr Gene From a Plant Pathogen,Curvularia lunata

By using EST database from a full-length cDNA library of Curvularia lunata, we have isolated a 2.9 kb cDNA, termed PKAr. An ORF of 1,383 bp encoding a polypeptide of 460 amino acids with molecular weight 50.1 kDa, (GeneBank Acc. No. KF675744) was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PKAr shows 90 and 88 % identity with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A regulatory subunit from Alternaria alternate and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Pt-1C-BFP, respectively. Database analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PKAr shares considerable similarity with that of PKA regulatory subunits in other organisms, particularly in the conserved regions. No introns were identified within the 1,383 bp of ORF compared with PKAr genomic DNA sequence. Southern blot indicated that PKAr existed as a single copy per genome. The mRNA expression level of PKAr in different development stages were demonstrated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the level of PKAr expression was highest in vegetative growth mycelium, which indicated it might play an important role in the vegetative growth of C. lunata. These results provided a fundamental supporting research on the function of PKAr in plant pathogen, C. lunata.