南洋楹根瘤菌的分离和特性

从南洋楹新鲜根瘤中分离得到根瘤菌菌株8638,再经稀释分离,挑取不同形态的菌落,经连续单菌落纯化,获得8638L、8638M和86385三株菌落型．对它们的形态特征、培养性状、生长速度、生理生化特性进行观测．并对它们回接南洋楹后的结瘤状况和共生固氮活性,以及在自生条件下固氮酶和吸氢酶活性作了测定．     

山西大豆根瘤菌的分离、鉴定及共生匹配性筛选

山西作为大豆起源地之一,根瘤菌资源丰富.为了进一步挖掘山西省的大豆根瘤菌资源,筛选出与当地主栽大豆品种共生固氮效果好的根瘤菌.本实验在大同广灵、太原清徐、晋中太谷三地采集不同大豆品种的根瘤,经过多次划线,对分离纯化出的单菌落进行菌落形态、刚果红染色、BTB染色表型鉴定;16SrDNA、nodA和nifH基因型鉴定.利用...     

基于非培养和培养的方法比较花生根瘤菌遗传多样性

摘要:【目的】比较非培养和培养方法揭示的花生根瘤菌遗传多样性差异,以期建立慢生根瘤菌快速检测占瘤率技术。【方法】采用经典分离培养技术获得花生根瘤菌和非培养方法直接从根瘤中收获类菌体分别提取DNA后,比较分析BOX-PCR指纹图谱,根据多样性指数评价基于非培养和培养方法的BOX-PCR指纹图谱技术揭示花生根瘤菌遗传多样性的差异。【结果】基于非培养方法检测的花生根瘤类菌体为81.8%,获得85种遗传群;基于培养方法分离花生根瘤菌菌株为72.7%,获得71种遗传群;两种方法共同检测到17种 BOX-PCR遗传图谱相一致。根据多样性指数基于非培养方法反映不同地区花生根瘤菌遗传多样性结果较一致,基于培养方法反映各地区的花生根瘤菌遗传多样性结果存在明显差异。【结论】基于非培养方法检测根瘤类菌体的遗传多样性,能够更快速、真实反映不同土壤花生根瘤中的优势遗传群,快速地统计根瘤菌菌株占瘤率;与培养方法相结合有利于获得花生根瘤菌竞争结瘤能力强的土著菌株,从而为筛选高效根瘤菌菌株奠定基础。     

1株高效花生根瘤菌的筛选与鉴定

从辽宁多地花生种植土壤及其鲜根瘤初步筛选到30株花生根瘤菌,进一步通过回接盆栽花生,测定花生根瘤数、根瘤干重,以及鲜根瘤固氮酶活性、植株全氮量等,筛选出1株结瘤固氮能力较强花生根瘤菌wz-6,通过16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为圆明慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense)。为开发优质花生根瘤菌菌剂奠定基础。     

安徽地区花生根瘤菌遗传多样性的研究

采用RAPD技术对分离自安徽地区的花生根瘤菌和部分参比菌株进行了遗传多样性和系统发育研究。结果表明来自凤阳和山东青岛地区花生根瘤菌的遗传距离比快生型和慢生型根瘤菌之间的遗传距离更远;安徽地区花生根瘤菌具有复杂的遗传基础,其遗传多样性丰富,其中来自宿州、合肥、贵池三地区的花生根瘤菌归为慢生型根瘤菌;而来自巢湖、宿州、淮北、芜湖地区的花生根瘤菌与快生型苜蓿根瘤菌的遗传地位更为接近,为快生型根瘤菌。     

紫穗槐根瘤菌的分离与回接鉴定

采用YMA培养基对新鲜的紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)根瘤提取物进行根瘤菌的分离培养,获得的菌落为圆形乳白色,表面凸起,直径0.4~0.5 cm,革兰反应阴性,显微观察显示为短杆状,分离菌株回接原宿主植物,同时接种于经60℃15 min水浴加热处理的紫穗槐种子,蛭石盆栽实验显示,接种此菌的紫穗槐植株都有结瘤,并与对照在结瘤数、瘤重、植株鲜重与干重间都有显著差异,实验证明所分离的菌株均为紫穗槐根瘤菌。     

重组质粒pHN32对花生根瘤菌固氮的影响

通过三亲本杂交将大豆根瘤菌高效基因工程菌株HN32所携带的增效重组质粒pHN32引入一株快生型花生根瘤菌菌株85-7和另一株慢生型花生根瘤菌菌株co2-5中。花生盆栽结瘤试验结果统计分析表明:p的HN32载体质粒pLAFR1对根瘤菌85-7和co2-5的固氮功能没有影响;pHN32对85-7固氮影响不论在植株干重方面还是在固氮酶活方面统计学上都不显著;而对co2-5则植株干重提高了25.7％,存在极显著差异,固氮酶活尽管提高了51.8％,但统计学上不显著。根瘤中分离的Tc~r根瘤co2-5(pHN32)中的pHN32EcoR1酶切分析表明:pHN32没有发生结构上的变化且固氮增强作用可能由3.7kb外源片段引起。     

氮素调控花生共生结瘤的机制研究进展

氮是花生生长发育所需的大量元素,共生结瘤固氮是花生获取氮素的主要方式之一。花生共生结瘤固氮涉及复杂的调控机理,揭示氮素对根瘤固氮的调控机制对发挥生物固氮潜力具有重要意义。本文系统总结了花生根瘤形成的“裂隙侵染”机制、花生共生结瘤和数量调控的机制以及氮素影响花生结瘤的调控机制。目前,氮素影响慢生根瘤菌与花生互作进而调控结瘤的分子机理尚不清楚,因此未来的研究重点应该集中在氮素影响花生慢生根瘤菌与花生的信号交流、根瘤数调节和营养交换机制等方面,为提高花生结瘤固氮效率和产量、减少化学氮肥施用提供理论基础。     

中国东北地区不同土壤类型中快生型大豆根瘤菌的生态分布与回接鉴定

我们从1982年开始分离中国东北地区不同土壤类型中的快生型大豆根瘤菌,由东北三省的黑土、白浆土、草甸土、盐土的64个样品中,分离得到大豆根瘤菌菌株46个,这些菌株中除传统的慢生型大豆根瘤菌外,还有在YMA培养基上生长速度快、世代时间短,在含溴麝香草酚兰(Bromothymol blue)的YMA培养基上产酸变黄的快生型大豆根瘤菌(Fast-growing Rhizobium japonicum)25株,现将其在东北地区不同土壤类型中的生态分布与回接鉴定的试验结果简报如下。     

用AFLP技术检测慢生型花生根瘤菌竞争结瘤的研究

以 5株慢生型花生根瘤菌和天府 3号花生为材料 ,用 AFLP技术研究了慢生型花生根瘤菌 Spr2 - 9、Spr3- 3、Spr3- 5、Spr4- 5和 Spr7- 1的遗传特性和竞争结瘤能力。结果显示 ,供试条件下 ,传代次数对菌株的遗传性状无明显影响 ,2 8℃培养条件下 ,花生根瘤菌连续传 96代 ,其 AFLP指纹未发生明显变化 ;37℃培养 ,仅 Spr3- 3和 Spr3- 5能够存活并正常生长 ,其 AFLP指纹也未发生明显改变 ,然而其它菌株不能生长。将供试慢生型花生根瘤菌分别接种天府 3号花生 ,光照培养 30 d后 ,随机各取 4个根瘤 ,从根瘤中提取类菌体 DNA进行 AFLP分析 ,各根瘤类菌体 DNA的 AFLP指纹图谱与该菌株纯培养物 AFLP指纹相同。将 5个菌株混合接种天府 3号花生 ,不同菌株的占瘤率存在差异 ,Spr3- 3和 Spr3- 5的竞争结瘤能力最强 ,两菌株的占瘤率之和为 85.4% ;Spr4- 5的占瘤率为 1 2 .2 % ;Spr7- 1为 2 .4% ;而 Spr2 - 9的竞争结瘤能力最差。本试验结果说明 ,AFLP技术用于根瘤菌生态和竞争结瘤能力研究 ,具有下列优点 :简易、快速、准确 ;直接取豆科植物的根瘤提取 DNA,进行原位研究 ;在不改变菌株遗传特性 ,即不使用突变株的前提下 ,可以直接测定已知菌株的竞争结瘤能力     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.