Ugan古河道胡杨可培养内生细菌的多样性

摘要：【目的】为了了解塔河废弃古河道胡杨可培养内生细菌的多样性。【方法】从2棵胡杨树干部抽出其内存液,采用三种不同的培养基对样品的内生细菌进行了分离纯化;对它们进行16S rDNA测定和系统进化分析。【结果】分离纯化不同表型的细菌62株,对它们的16S rDNA序列分析表明,62株菌分别属于四个大类群;厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alpha Proteobacteria) 、γ-变形菌纲(Gamma Proteobacteria),18个属,32个种;芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属是胡杨可培养内生细菌的优势细菌种群,它们分别占已测种群的40.32%、16.13%。其中菌株KTH-63为葡萄球菌科的潜在的新属新种,它与最近源菌株的16S rDNA序列相似率为92.491%;9株菌KLH-21、KLH-1、KTH-8、KTH-14、KNA-26、KLH-18、KTH-20、KNA-3、KLH-25是潜在的新种（16S rDNA相似率为96.089 %-97.769 %）,胡杨树干内存液中潜在新种的发现率高达总分离检测菌株的16.13 % 。本研究获得的胡杨可培养内生细菌的群落结构数据给植物内生细菌新增了10个属,18个种。【结论】胡杨具有多样性极其丰富的可培养内生细菌菌种资源,土著新种的发现频率超出了预期,胡杨可培养内生细菌的群落结构极大地刷新了植物内生细菌的种群记录,极具进一步发掘的潜力。     

油樟内生芽孢细菌的系统发育多样性

摘要：【目的】为了解油樟产芽孢内生细菌的多样性。【方法】采用改良的牛肉膏琼脂培养基分离、去除冗余及芽孢染色,测定所得产芽孢内生细菌的16S rRNA基因,进行系统发育分析。【结果】40株产芽孢内生细菌数量占分离得到的内生细菌总数的38.1％,其中根、茎、叶中分别分离得到24株、7株和9株。16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析结果表明,35株菌可能分属于Bacillus、Lysinibacillus、Paenibacillus属的16个种,还有5株菌的序列与数据库中典型菌株序列相似性低于97％,代表着潜在新类群的存在。【结论】从油樟3个部位分离出的产芽孢内生细菌存在明显的系统发育多样性,而且3个部位分离出的产芽孢内生细菌区系既呈现出一定程度的细菌区系相似性,又表现出器官细菌区系的特异性。     

野生及温室盆栽蕙兰可培养根内生细菌的遗传多样性

惠兰(Cymbidium faberi)是中国兰属代表种之一,具有很高的观赏价值和经济价值,对其内生细菌进行研究不仅可以丰富植物内生细菌资源,还可以为探讨兰花与微生物之间的相互作用关系提供基础数据。本研究采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定对天目山野生蕙兰、在温室培养1年后的蕙兰根内生细菌遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明:从野生蕙兰根内分离得到的97株细菌分属于变形菌门的α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲及厚壁菌门的13个属,其最优势类群为γ-变形菌纲(86.60%),Lelliottia(26.80%)为最优势菌属。从温室盆栽蕙兰根内分离得到的52株细菌分属于变形菌门的α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲及放线菌门的9个属,优势类群为β-变形菌纲(48.08%),优势菌属为草螺菌属(Herbaspirillum)(34.62%),其中菌株eh R17为潜在的新种。这些结果表明天目山野生蕙兰可培养根内生细菌多样性较其在温室培养1年后更为丰富,同时也说明植物内生细菌的群落结构与生长环境密切相关。     

天目山野生春兰根中可培养内生细菌多样性研究

为了解春兰植物内生细菌的多样性,采用稀释涂布法对表面灭菌的天目山野生春兰根内生细菌进行分离培养。通过R2A和TSA两种培养基共分离获得63株内生细菌。对16S rDNA序列测定结果进行系统发育分析可知,63株细菌分属于β-变形菌纲(31.74%)、γ-变形菌纲(7.94%)及厚壁菌门(60.32%)。其中厚壁菌门为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属为最优势菌属,占分离总菌数的50.79%。天目山野生春兰根内生细菌多样性指数为1.56。结果表明,初春季节天目山野生春兰根内生细菌多样性较低。     

春兰根中可分泌吲哚乙酸的内生细菌多样性

植物内生细菌可通过分泌吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-aceticacid,IAA)等方式促进植物生长。本研究以温室盆栽春兰(Cymbidium goeringii)为材料,采用分离培养方法对春兰根中可分泌IAA的内生细菌多样性进行了研究。从春兰根组织中共分离纯化得到了256株内生细菌,其中57株具有分泌IAA的能力,占总菌数的22.3%。根据ARDRA(amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis)及16SrDNA系统发育分析结果,将57株内生细菌划分为25个组,分属于6大类群,分别为变形菌门的α-变形菌纲(35.1%)、γ-变形菌纲(14.0%)和β-变形菌纲(8.8%)、厚壁菌门(33.3%)、放线菌门(7.0%)及拟杆菌门(1.8%)。其中变形菌门的α-变形菌纲和厚壁菌门为优势类群,类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)为优势菌属,且为高产IAA的主体菌属。另外,测序结果显示有4个菌株的序列与已知细菌的最高序列相似性低于97.0%,可能为潜在的新种或新属。研究结果表明春兰根中分泌IAA的内生细菌具有丰富的多样性。这一结果可为研究和开发植物促生细菌提供基础资料...     

硇洲岛海胆可培养细菌的多样性

摘要：【目的】研究南海硇洲岛马粪海胆（Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus）可培养细菌多样性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对样品中细菌（含放线菌）多样性进行研究。【结果】用补充0～2.0 mol/L NaCl的MA、ISP 2、NA、SWA和HAA培养基从海胆样品中分离到106株细菌菌株,根据形态观察和部分生理生化实验结果去冗余,选取34个代表性菌株进行基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,这些分离菌株代表21个物种,属于3个大的系     

香樟产芽孢内生细菌的系统发育多样性

为了解香樟产芽孢内生细菌的多样性,采用改良的NA培养基分离、去除冗余及芽孢染色,得到40株产芽孢内生细菌,占分离所得内生细菌总数的29.9%,其中根、茎、叶中分别分离到25、5和10株。16SrRNA序列系统发育分析结果表明,这40株菌分属于Bacillus、Lysinibacillus、Paenibacillus和Brevibacillus属的12个种;7株菌的16SrRNA部分序列与数据库中模式菌株对应序列相似性小于97%,代表着潜在新类群的存在。同时,3个部位分离出的产芽孢内生细菌既呈现出一定程度的细菌区系相似性,又表现出细菌区系的器官特异性。     

攀枝花地区烤烟可培养内生固氮菌的多样性

【目的】认识烤烟(Flue-cured tobaccos)内生固氮菌多样性,挖掘内生固氮菌资源,丰富内生固氮菌基因库。【方法】运用纯培养法、重复因子扩增(BOX-PCR)分析技术、16S r RNA基因测序和系统发育分析对内生固氮菌多样性和系统发育进行研究,并测定分离菌株的固氮酶活性、溶磷溶钾特性、吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量等指标。【结果】通过Ashby培养基共分离得到62株固氮菌。基于BOX-PCR图谱选取16株代表菌株进行16S r RNA基因序列测定。16S r RNA基因序列系统发育分析显示,62株菌株分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)等3个属,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌属。62株菌株中有20株菌株(占总分离菌株的32.3%)具有固氮酶活性,8株菌株(占总分离菌株的12.9%)能产IAA,有4株(占总分离菌株的6.5%)表现溶磷活性,有3株(占总分离菌株的4.8%)表现溶钾活性。【结论】攀枝花烤烟有较为丰富的内生固氮菌,具有潜在应用价值。     

普洱地区茶叶内生细菌与根际土壤细菌群落结构分析

[目的]茶叶内生细菌、根际土壤细菌在普洱茶的发酵中起着重要的作用,还可以促进茶树生长,诱导茶树抗病性.研究其群落结构组成及相互关系可为微生物资源开发利用提供理论依据.[方法]本研究以普洱地区茶树叶片和根际土壤为材料,采用高通量测序技术,对茶叶及根际土壤细菌的16S核糖体RNA基因(16S rRNA)进行测序,比较分析茶...     

西藏扎布耶盐湖细菌多样性的免培养技术分析

【目的】利用免培养技术,获得有关西藏高原高盐度、高海拔盐湖的细菌多样性认识。【方法】从西藏扎布耶盐湖沉积样品中提取微生物总DNA,利用细菌引物f530/r1492扩增16S rRNA基因,然后构建16S rRNA基因质粒文库。采用HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ两种内切酶对阳性克隆质粒DNA进行ARDRA分型分析,根据分型结果挑选克隆进行测序。得到它们的16SrRNA基因部分序列,根据获得的序列构建构建系统发育树。【结果】在系统发育树上,部分克隆(占总克隆数的57.14%)与已知细菌属归于同一分支,主要分布在γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的23个嗜盐细菌属之中。其余的克隆为未培养序列,与前者差异很大,在进化树上形成了独立的分支。【结论】研究结果显示出扎布耶茶卡湖中的细菌组成具有极其丰富的多样性。     

Diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in poplar grown under field conditions

Bacterial endophytes may be important for plant health and other ecologically relevant functions of poplar trees. The composition of endophytic bacteria colonizing the aerial parts of poplar was studied using a multiphasic approach. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated the impact of different hybrid poplar clones on the endophytic community structure. Detailed analysis of endophytic bacteria using cultivation methods in combination with cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from plant tissue revealed a high phylogenetic diversity of endophytic bacteria with a total of 53 taxa at the genus level that included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The community structure displayed clear differences in terms of the presence and relative proportions of bacterial taxa between the four poplar clones studied. The results showed that the genetic background of the hybrid poplar clones corresponded well with the endophytic community structure. Out of the 513 isolates and 209 clones identified, Actinobacteria, in particular the family Microbacteriaceae, made up the largest fraction of the isolates, whereas the clone library was dominated by Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria. The most abundant genera among the isolates were Pseudomonas and Curtobacterium, while Sphingomonas prevailed among the clones.     

Allozyme Diversity in Populations of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae)

Abstract: Using 14 allozyme loci, we investigated levels of genetic diversity within populations, and degree of genetic divergence among 24 populations of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae) in Korea and Japan. Cymbidium goeringii maintains high levels of genetic diversity both at population (mean expected heterozygosity, H _e = 0.238) and species levels (0.260). Means of H _e found in 24 populations were not significantly different from each other. About 90 % of the total variation in the species is common to all populations (mean G _ST = 0.108). No unique allele was found in any population. The indirect estimate of gene flow based on the mean G _ST was high ( Nm = 2.06). Nei's genetic identities for pairs of populations had high values (mean = 0.974 [SD = 0.013]). The Mantel-Z test showed a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. However, the mean G _ST value between 17 populations in Korea and seven Japanese populations was relatively low (0.029), even though the land connection between the southern Korean peninsula and southern Japanese archipelagos has not existed since the middle Pleistocene. Large numbers of small seeds of C. goeringii might travel long distances by wind from populations to populations both in Korea and Japan, increasing genetic diversity within populations and maintaining low genetic differentiation among populations.     

春兰内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性的初步研究

采用平板分离法从皖西大别山野生兰花的根、茎、叶中分离内生真菌32株,用琼脂块法对获取的菌株进行抑菌活性筛选,其中有4种兰花内生真菌对供试菌株有抑菌作用,占总分离菌株的12.50%,对抑菌活性较强的一株内生真菌进行形态学鉴定,结果表明它属于无孢类群。     

Allozyme Diversity and Population Structure in Korean Populations of Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae)

Cymbidium goeringii (Orchidaceae). Mean observed population heterozygosity (H _op=0.181), expected heterozygosity (H _eP=0.240), and total genetic diversity (H _T =0.351) were all higher than average values for species with similar life-history characteristics. A considerable deficit of heterozygotes relative to Hardy–Weinberg expectations was detected (77% of fixation indices were positive) with a mean F _IS of 0.278. On average, 90% of the total genetic diversity was found within populations (mean G _ST = 0.098). An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=2.30, calculated from G _ST , Nm=8.48, calculated from the frequencies of unique alleles) indicated that gene flow has been extensive in C. goeringii. Results of a spatial autocorrelation analysis based on allele frequencies of 16 populations revealed a trend with respect to the distance classes (0<63 km, six significant positive values; beyond that distance, 12 significant negative values). It is highly probable that C. goeringii has a history of relative large, continuous populations that had greater chance for gene movement among adjacent populations via large numbers of small seeds, following the last Ice Age. Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic diversity found within populations of C. goeringii include its large and continuous populations, its long-lived perennial habit, its widespread geographical distribution, and its ability for relatively long distance seed movement by wind. Received 18 June 1998/ Accepted in revised form 18 November 1998     

植物内生细菌测定方法的研究进展

伴随全功能体(holobiont)和全基因组(hologenome)概念的出现,植物微生物群落被看作植物全功能体的重要组成部分,其结构和功能逐渐得到研究和解析.内生细菌是植物微生物群落的成员之一,由于其定殖在组织内部而与宿主的接触更为紧密,因而其与植物的相互作用也更加直接、高效且不容易受到环境条件变化的影响.本文介绍了...     

松材线虫伴生细菌多样性的宏基组分析

摘要：【目的】松材线虫是松材线虫病的病原,且与其伴生细菌之间存在互作关系,它们构成一个微生态系统。本研究旨在揭示松材线虫-伴生细菌群落细菌多样性。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因文库和454测序对伴生细菌群落的宏基因组进行初步分析。【结果】依据97％序列相似性划分OTU（Operational Taxonomic Unit）,构建的16S rRNA文库包含25个OTU,分别属于Alphaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria和Bacter