猴免疫缺陷病毒和艾滋病

猴免疫缺陷病毒和艾滋病王用楫（卫生部北京生物制品研究所,北京１０００２４）１前言猴免疫缺陷病毒（ｓｉｍｉａｎｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅ－ｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ,ＳＩＶ）与艾滋病（ＡＩＤＳ）的病原体人免疫缺陷病毒（ｈｕｍａｎｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖ...     

人工饲养恒河猴、食蟹猴的繁殖性能初报

目的探索北京地区人工饲养恒河猴与食蟹猴的繁殖性能,为温带地区猕猴的人工饲养和繁殖方式提供借鉴。方法对军事医学科学院实验动物中心饲养的317只恒河猴繁殖群（30只雄猴,287只雌猴）和78只食蟹猴繁殖群（8只雄猴,70只雌猴）近两年的繁殖性状进行观察和统计分析。结果恒河猴母猴妊娠率、繁殖率和成活率分别为60.73%、54.45%和96.89%。食蟹猴母猴妊娠率、繁殖率和成活率分别为79.86%、56.12%和75.00%。结论食蟹猴和恒河猴可以成功的在温带地区饲养和繁殖,但人工饲养食蟹猴的妊娠率与产仔率较恒河猴高,而仔猴成活率则低于恒河猴。     

用猴艾滋病D型逆转录病毒筛选抗艾滋病药物实验模型的建立及应用

以药物对合胞体形成的抑制和对细胞的毒性作为检测指标,应用猴艾滋病D型逆转录病毒（SRV）／Raji细胞系统建立了体外筛选抗艾滋病药物的实验模型。AZT和天花粉蛋白可显著地抑制SRV诱导的合胞体形成,它们的选择指数（SI）分别为数13500和8812。用该模型筛选了46种来源于天然资源的化合物,结果表明有11种天然化合物有明显的抗病毒活性。     

恒河猴红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文应用花环法测定了健康恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的数量。恒河猴红细胞上C_(3b)受体花环率的数量为12.83±1.95％,免疫复合物花环率为6.37±1.25％。研究结果表明恒河猴的红细胞,除了具有携氧、运输气体等功能外,还具有重要的免疫功能。     

Establishment of AIDS Animal Model with SIVmac239 Infected Chinese Rhesus Monkey

In the present research,two Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with 5000 TCID50 of SIVmac239. The changes in the numbers of CD4 T lymphocyte in peripheral blood,plasma viral loads,proviral DNA and humoral antibodies against virus were periodically monitored during 121 days. At the early stage of infection,proviral DNA had been detected in PBMCs,and infectious SIVmac239 virus had been isolated from PBMCs. At the same period,the numbers of CD4 T lymphocytes were significantly decreased,and maintained at low level during the 121-day period of infection. Plasma viral loads reached the peak at week 2 post-inoculation and kept at a steady state subsequently. Moreover,antibodies against viral proteins were detected from plasma. All the results showed that the two Chinese rhesus monkeys had been infected with SIVmac239 successfully. This animal model can be applied for further AIDS researches.     

Molecular Cloning of SIV From Sooty Mangabey Monkeys

We derived two infectious molecular clones of SIV from sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys) and compared them by restriction enzyme mapping and limited DNA sequencing to other known primate lentiviruses. These analyses show that SIVsmm is closely related to, but distinct from, SIVmac and HIV-2. Our data suggest that SIVmac may have been derived from SIVsmm by cross-species transmission in captivity.     

A Systematic Review of the Literature Addressing Veterinary Care for Underserved Communities

Currently, there is a care gap in veterinary medicine affecting low-income and underserved communities, resulting in decreased nonhuman-animal health and welfare. The use of low-price and community veterinary clinics in underserved populations is a strategy to improve companion-animal health through preventative care, spay/neuter, and other low-price care programs and services. Little research has documented the structure and effectiveness of such initiatives. This systematic review aimed to assess current published research pertaining to accessible health care, community-based veterinary medicine, and the use of community medicine in teaching programs. The review was an in-depth literature search identifying 51 publications relevant to the importance, benefits, drawbacks, and use of low-price and community clinics in underserved communities. These articles identified commonly discussed barriers to care that may prevent underserved clientele from seeking veterinary care. Five barriers were identified including the cost of veterinary care, accessibility of care, problems with or lack of veterinarian–client communication, culture/language, and lack of client education. The review also identified a need for additional research regarding evidence of effectiveness and efficiency in community medicine initiatives.     

建立猕猴Go/NoGo视觉分辨任务的方法

在认知神经科学研究中,Go/NoGo模型是一种非常有效的研究方法。在本试验中,以两只猕猴为研究对象,采用Go/NoGo模型,以不同的视觉线索作为刺激来研究相关认知行为。结果表明猕猴能够很快学会Go/NoGo视觉分辨任务,而且对NoGo任务的完成要优于对Go任务的完成。本实验建立了一种有效的猕猴Go/NoGo视觉分辨实验的方法及计算机控制系统,为进一步记录神经元活动建立了良好的基础。     

Inhibition of SIV/SMM replication in vitro by CD8+ cells from SIV/SMM infected seropositive clinically asymptomatic sooty mangabeys.

Several investigators have demonstrated the ability of CD8+ T cells from HIV-1 infected humans and SIV infected rhesus macaques to inhibit viral replication in vitro. In this report we show that CD8+ cells from naturally SIV infected sooty mangabeys also have the ability to inhibit viral replication in vitro. In addition, initial experiments which seek to elucidate the mechanism and antigen specificity of CD8-mediated suppression are described.     

实验猴麻疹预防和治疗方案初探

实验猴麻疹是造成断奶仔猴死亡的重要传染病之一,本文对该病的临床诊断、护理、预防和治疗方案进行了初步研究,并提出了行之有效的预防、护理及治疗措施。经临床实践证明,该方案对实验猴麻疹的治愈率可达90%以上,值得在国内实验猴生产及科研单位推广应用。     

吗啡对猕猴瞳孔光反应能力的影响

光照能明显改变正常人和动物瞳孔的大小,而精神疾病及药物滥用则影响人和动物瞳孔对光的反应性.因此,瞳孔对光反应异常可以用作检测精神疾病和药物滥用的指标.有关药物滥用是如何影响瞳孔对光的反应性的研究还很少.为定量地测量成瘾性药物对瞳孔光反应变化的影响,该文采用猕猴为实验对象,通过在黑暗环境中测量猕猴在吗啡给予前和吗啡给予后的不同时间段,其瞳孔直径大小以及其对光反应能力的变化情况,来系统研究吗啡是如何影响这种非自主性反射系统的.研究发现,吗啡给予降低了猕猴在黑暗环境中的扩瞳反应,并且降低了瞳孔对光反应的收缩率.该文为将瞳孔对光反应特征用作鉴定吸毒者的检测手段提供了实验依据.     

“兽医微生物学”双语教学探析

结合高等农林院校"兽医微生物学"专业教学特点及双语教学的现状,分析了影响双语教学效果的因素。在此基础上,提出了相应完善"兽医微生物学"双语教学的建议和措施。在教师配备、教材编写、教学手段等方面做了大量改进,以切实提高"兽医微生物学"双语教学质量。     

中国猕猴逆转录病毒的分离

国内首次从捕自中国三个地区的猕猴分离到三株逆转录病毒,经ELISA、免疫荧光检查与SRV-1呈阳性反应。免疫蛋白印迹试验加以证实,血清抗体与SRV-1呈阳性反应,其中有一株与SRV-1和STLV血清抗体有交叉反应。电子显微镜下见有大量病毒颗粒,具有典型逆转录病毒结构。     

兽用疫苗管理与控制的国际标准

兽用疫苗是兽医医学产品,需接受像医学产品相同或相似的管理和控制标准,这意味着动物疫苗必须满足复杂的要求,保障产品在预期使用条件下的质量、安全性和免疫效力.在动物医药领域中,欧盟和美国的动物疫苗管理和控制体系发展早,制度完整,为其他国家和地区建立良好的动物疫苗管理与控制标准提供了有价值的参考信息.另外,统一各个国家和地区...     

Molecular characterization of SIV in tissues from experimentally infected macaques

Tissues from SIV-infected, immunodeficient macaques were analyzed by southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of env sequences. Provirus was readily detected in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues by southern blot analysis. The majority of virus was in an unintegrated state. Analysis of envelope sequences by PCR revealed that tissues contain many distinct, but closely related genotypes; however, only a subset of these proviral genomes are recovered after tissue culture passage in human cell lines. Thus, tissue culture isolates of SIV do not represent the complete spectrum of genotypes in an infected macaque.