术前血浆D二聚体水平对全膝关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预测

目的:探讨术前三天血浆D-二聚体水平是否与人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后病人下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的发生相关。方法:89名拟行TKA的病人在术前三天时行血浆D二聚体检测。在术后并未接受预防性抗凝措施。在术后6-10天左右予以双下肢血管彩超,如果在术后更早期出现临床症状,则立即予以双下肢血管彩超检查。结果:89名行TKA手术病人均在术前行血浆D二聚体检测。术后在46名(52%)的病人的血管彩超中发现DVT。以500ng/ml为临界值,D二聚体对DVT发生预测的敏感性,特异性,阳性和阴性值分别为59%,47%,56%,和51%。结论:此研究结果表明术前血浆D二聚体无法对TKA术后DVT进行预测。     

血浆D-二聚体检测在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的价值

目的：探讨血浆D-二聚体在下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）中的诊疗价值。方法：用SYSMEXCA21500全自动血凝分析仪检测185例可疑为DVT患者及60例健康体检者血浆中纤维蛋白降解产物D-二聚体水平,比较其D-二聚体水平与健康体检组的差别。结果：60例健康体检者及185例疑似DVT患者中18例患者血浆D-二聚体含量〈临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实无一例患有DVT;167例患者血浆D-二聚体含量≥临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实DVT患者150例,D-二聚体检测DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预期值、阴性预期值分别为100％、51．43％、89．82％、100％。结论：血浆D-二聚体检测具有快速、经济、无创-可动态监测等优点。可以作为DVT诊断的排除试验,值得在临床检验诊断中推广应用。     

中性粒细胞计数、D-二聚体及Caprini血栓评分对脑血管狭窄介入术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预测价值及模型构建

摘要 目的：探讨中性粒细胞计数、D-二聚体及Caprini血栓评分对脑血管狭窄介入术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的关系及预测模型构建。方法：选择2021年2月至2022年2月于我院神经外科行血管内介入治疗的281例脑血管狭窄患者,术前检测外周血中性粒细胞计数、D-二聚体,并采用Caprini血栓评分评估患者DVT风险,并根据术后是否发生DVT将患者分为DVT组（31例）和无DVT组（250例）。收集临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的危险因素,构建预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验预测模型拟合度,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析预测模型对脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的预测价值。结果：DVT组中性粒细胞计数、D-二聚体、Caprini血栓评分高危和极高危比例高于无DVT组（P＜0.05）。且中心静脉导管、卧床时间超过72 h、高中性粒细胞计数、高D-二聚体、Caprini血栓评分分级高危和极高危是脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的危险因素（P＜0.05）。由上述指标构建的预测模型,其预测脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的曲线下面积AUC（0.95CI）为0.871（0.779～0.938）,灵敏度为0.871（27/31）,特异度为0.832（208/250）。经Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型拟合效果良好（P＞0.05）。结论：中心静脉导管、卧床时间超过72 h、高中性粒细胞计数、高D-二聚体、Caprini血栓评分分级高危和极高危是脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的危险因素,根据回归分析构建预测模型对脑血管狭窄介入术后DVT的预测能效较好。     

抗血小板制剂对射频消融术前后vWF、血小板和凝血纤溶活性的影响

目的：探讨消融技术后血栓栓塞的机制和预防的方法,为临床提供血栓栓塞并发症的防治方法。方法：在我科行射频消融术的室上速患者158名,年龄15-61岁,其中右侧旁道12例,双径路62例,左侧旁道84例。随机分为五组,组Ⅰ（n=31）术前未服抗血小板制剂,术后立即服用阿斯匹林0.3g,1／日;组Ⅱ（n=32）术前3天始服用阿斯匹林0.3g,1／日;组Ⅲ（n=30）术前3天始服用氯吡格雷75mg1／日;组Ⅳ（n=32）术前3天服用阿斯匹林0．3g＋氯吡格雷75mg 1／日;组V（n=33）术前3天始服用阿斯匹林0.3g,1／日,术后皮下注射速避凝0．4ml 1／日。分别于入院后、电生理检查前即成功放置鞘管后、消融前即静推肝素前、消融后即刻、消融后24h采血。测定血浆血小板仪颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140）水平、D-二聚体、血管性假血友病因子（vWF）。结果：①组IGMP-140水平自穿刺后即开始上升,射频消融术后24小时仍处于较高水平,血管穿刺后电生理检查前明显升高为30．41±5．67ng／ml（P〈0．05）,而射频消融术后升高为60．4±12．79ng／ml（P〈0．05）,但组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ尤其是组IVGMP-140水平始终处于相对较低的水平（P〈0．05）。②组ID-二聚体水平自穿刺后即开始上升,射频消融术后24小时仍处于较高水平,血管穿刺后电生理检查前明显升高为0．58±0．22mg／L（P〈0．05）,而射频消融术后升高为1．50±0．56mg／L（P〈0．05）。组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ尤其是组ⅣD-二聚体水平与组Ⅰ相比始终处于较低水平（P〈0．05）。③血浆vWF的水平：各组vWF水平自血管穿刺结束后即明显升高（P〈0．05）,射频消融术后组Ⅰ、Ⅲ升高明显,而组Ⅱ、Ⅳ、VvWF水平只有轻度升高（P〈0．05）,各组vWF水平在术后24小时仍维持相对较高的水平。④血浆GMP-140、D-二聚体、vWF在射频消融前后的改变与累及放电量、放电时间、放电次数、消融时间及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ等无关（P〈0．05）。结论：射频消融对内皮细胞有损伤作用,可导致GMP-140、D-二聚体的明显升高呈血栓前状态。不同的抗血小板制剂对其有改善作用。阿斯匹林可能降低血浆中vWF水平。     

祛瘀散烫疗对髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓预防效果观察

目的观察中药制剂祛瘀散烫熨术对髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的预防价值。方法选取髋部骨折术后患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组患者术后按常规方法护理,观察组患者术后在常规护理基础上于术后24h拔除引流管后加用中药祛瘀散对术肢进行烫熨,观察比较两组患者术前、术后组内及组间血浆D-二聚体指标变化情况。结果两组患者术前血浆D-二聚体比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者血浆D-二聚体比较,观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论中药制剂祛瘀散烫熨术对髋部骨折术后下肢DVT形成有预防作用,可降低术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险,减少髋部骨折术后并发症的发生。     

血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清血栓调节蛋白（TM）、P-选择素（P-selectin）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）以及凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的关系。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年1月我院收治的术后发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为DVT组,同期术后未发生DVT的创伤性骨折患者100例作为无DVT组,比较两组血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C、血浆凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、D-二聚体（D-D）],应用Pearson相关性分析血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C与凝血功能指标的相关性,应用多因素Logistic回归分析创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的影响因素。结果：DVT组血清TM、P-selectin、血浆D-D、FIB水平、年龄≥60岁比例高于无DVT组,血清HDL-C水平低于无DVT组（P＜0.05）。DVT组血清TM和P-selectin与血浆D-D、FIB呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清HDL-C与血浆D-D、FIB呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、血清TM≥9.50 IU/mL、P-selectin ≥70.00 ng/mL、HDL-C<1.00 mmol/L、血浆D-D≥700.00 μg/L、FIB≥4.00 g/L是创伤性骨折患者术后DVT的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：创伤性骨折患者术后发生DVT患者血清TM、P-selectin较无DVT患者升高,HDL-C较无DVT患者降低,联合检测血清TM、P-selectin、HDL-C和凝血功能指标可能有助于降低DVT的发生风险。     

影响妇科腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的相关因素分析

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析339例行妇科腹腔镜手术患者的临床资料,对患者的一般临床资料、术前实验室检查指标、手术类型、术中治疗及术后干预措施等进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:339例行妇科腹腔镜手术患者中30例术后发生DVT(发生率约8.8%),年龄(OR=1.438)、手术类型(腹腔镜妇科恶性肿瘤手术)(OR=3.153、血浆D-二聚体水平≥0.5 mg/L(OR=2.531)、术前合并症(OR=2.885)、术中气腹压(OR=2.835)、手术时间≥1h(OR=1.397)、术后卧床天数(OR=1.498)与妇科腹腔镜手术后发生DVT呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:年龄、手术类型、血浆D-二聚体水平、术前合并症、术中气腹压、手术时间及术后卧床天数是妇科腹腔镜术后发生VDT的独立危险因素。     

超敏C 反应蛋白与深静脉血栓形成的相关性分析

目的：分析超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的相关性,探讨炎症反应在DVT 发生及发展中的作用。方 法：选取2013 年9 月至2015 年3 月我院收治的DVT 患者113 例,按病变部位分为中央型、周围型以及混合型,按发病时间分为 急性期、亚急性期以及慢性期。另选取同期体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测所有研究对象血清hs-CRP水平。结果：DVT 患者血浆hs-CRP 高于正常健康人群（P＜0.05）;不同临床分型DVT 患者血浆hs-CRP 水平不同,混合型最高,周围型最低,差异 具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同发病时期DVT 患者血浆hs-CRP 水平不同,急性期最高,恢复期最低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;接受溶栓治疗的DVT 患者术后3 天血浆hs-CRP 水平持续升高,术后第5 天开始快速下降。结论：hs-CRP 可作为DVT 诊 断的参考指标,DVT发生及发展与炎症反应存在相关性。     

血浆D- 二聚体检测在下肢深静脉血栓诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血浆D-二聚体在下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)中的诊疗价值。方法:用SYS MEX CA2 1500全自动血凝分析仪检测185例可疑为DVT患者及60例健康体检者血浆中纤维蛋白降解产物D-二聚体水平,比较其D-二聚体水平与健康体检组的差别。结果:60例健康体检者及185例疑似DVT患者中18例患者血浆D-二聚体含量<临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实无一例患有DVT;167例患者血浆D-二聚体含量≥临界值,经下肢彩色多普勒超声检查证实DVT患者150例,D-二聚体检测DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预期值、阴性预期值分别为100%、51.43%、89.82%、100%。结论:血浆D-二聚体检测具有快速、经济、无创、可动态监测等优点,可以作为DVT诊断的排除试验,值得在临床检验诊断中推广应用。     

C反应蛋白、D-二聚体及Wells评分与脊柱骨折患者术后深静脉血栓的关系及其诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨C反应蛋白（CRP）、D-二聚体（D-D）及Wells评分与脊柱骨折患者术后深静脉血栓（DVT）的关系,分析三者对脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的诊断价值。方法：选择2017年2月至2019年9月期间我院骨科收治的351例脊柱骨折患者,根据术后是否发生DVT将患者分为DVT组（59例）和非DVT组（292例）。比较DVT组和非DVT组术后1d、术后3d、术后7d、术后14d的CRP、D-D水平及Wells评分。采用Spearman秩相关分析CRP、D-D水平与Wells评分相关性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CRP、D-D、Wells评分单项及联合三项指标对脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的诊断价值。结果：两组术后1d、术后3d、术后7d、术后14d的CRP、D-D水平以及Wells评分均呈先升高后降低变化趋势（P＜0.05）,DVT组术后3d、术后7d、术后14d的CRP、D-D水平以及Wells评分高于非DVT组（P＜0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示DVT组CRP、D-D水平与Wells评分均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示术后7d的D-D、CRP、Wells评分诊断脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.823、0.785、0.769,高于术后3d和术后14d;术后7d的CRP、D-D和Wells评分联合诊断脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的AUC为0.928,高于各指标单独诊断。结论：CRP、D-D水平及Wells评分均与脊柱骨折患者术后DVT有关,术后7d CRP、D-D和Wells评分联合诊断术后DVT的价值较高。     

A botanical medicine dragon’s blood exhibited clinical antithrombosis efficacy similar to low molecular weight heparin

Deep vein thrombosis(DVT) is a common complication following traumatic fracture with a 0.5%–1% annual incidence. Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) is the most commonly used anticoagulation drug for DVT prevention, but treatment with LMWH is invasive. Our aim is to compare the antithrombotic effect of dragon's blood, an oral botanical anticoagulant medicine approved by the Chinese FDA, with LMWH in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and to explore the molecular mechanisms of anticoagulation treatment. Our study recruited patients and divided them into LMWH and dragon's blood treatment group. Coagulation index tests, Doppler ultrasound and m RNA sequencing were performed before and after anticoagulation therapy. There was no significant difference in postoperative DVT incidence between the two groups(23.1% versus 15.4%,P=0.694). D-dimer(D-D) and fibrinogen degradation product(FDP) showed significant reductions in both groups after anticoagulation treatments. We identified SLC4 A1, PROS1, PRKAR2 B and seven other genes as being differentially expressed during anticoagulation therapy in both groups. Genes correlated with coagulation indexes were also identified. Dragon's blood and LMWH showed similar effects on DVT and produced similar gene expression changes in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, indicating that dragon's blood is a more convenient antithrombosis medicine(oral) than LMWH(hypodermic injection).     

The concentration of D-dimers in portal blood positively correlates with overall survival in patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer

Background

Several recent studies provide evidence that D-dimer (DD) concentration in peripheral blood correlates negatively with overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Contrarily, there are recent evidence indicating that preoperative plasma fibrinogen, but not D-dimer might represent a prognostic factor in non-metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods

In a single-center prospective study, we enrolled 62 patients undergoing surgery for pathologically confirmed PDAC without detectable venous thrombosis. Intraoperatively, the sample of the blood from the portal vein was obtained. DD concentration in these samples was measured. Patients were followed postoperatively until time of death from any cause.

Results

We found that OS for patients with portal blood DD values above 2700 (ng/mL) (n?=?22 from 62 patients) was higher by 158% than that for the patients (n?=?42) with DD values ≤?2700 (416 days versus 161 days, p?=?0.05). On the contrary to the studies investigating DD concentration in peripheral blood, we have found that patients with higher DD level in the portal vein had longer mean OS than patients with lower ones.

Conclusions

Further investigation is necessary both to confirm our results in a larger patient population and to elucidate the mechanism for the correlation between portal blood D-dimer concentrations and survival time. Along with other authors, we conclude that portal circulation is characterized by unique, biological environment that requires further evaluation.

     

Elevation of serum CA 125 and D-dimer levels associated with rupture of ovarian endometrioma

BACKGROUND: Patients with endometriosis rarely have a serum CA 125 concentration >100 IU/mL. A raised plasma level of D-dimer indicates active fibrinolysis, either secondary to clot formation or primarily activated. This condition is seldom diagnosed in patients with endometriosis. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old woman was referred to our institution for acute abdominal pain. Laparoscopic surgery revealed a large ovarian cyst with rupture on the left side. Preoperative laboratory tests detected high serum CA 125 and D-dimer levels. Adnexectomy was performed, resulting in a sharp decrease in serum CA 125 and D-dimer concentration. We describe the clinical course of the patient. CONCLUSION: Rupture of a large ovarian endometrioma can lead to a high serum concentration of CA 125, a condition which, in addition to the detected pelvic mass, may mimic a malignant process. The increased D-dimer plasma level indicated that a ruptured endometriotic cyst can induce coagulation reactions.     

Gait Variability before Surgery and at Discharge in Patients Who Undergo Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cohort Study

This study aimed to determine gait ability at hospital discharge in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as an indicator of the risk of falling. Fifty-seven patients undergoing primary TKA for knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. Gait variability measured with accelerometers and physical function including knee range of motion (ROM), quadriceps strength, walking speed, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were evaluated preoperatively and at discharge from the hospital (1 month before and 5 days after surgery). All patients were discharged directly home at 5 days after surgery. Knee flexion of ROM, quadriceps strength, walking speed, and the TUG test results were significantly worse at hospital discharge than preoperatively (p < 0.001). However, gait variability was not significantly different before and after TKA. This result indicated that patients following TKA surgery could walk at hospital discharge as stably as preoperatively regardless of the decrease in physical function, including knee ROM, quadriceps strength, and gait speed after surgery.     

原发性肾病综合征合并血栓栓塞的临床研究

摘要 目的：肺栓塞及下肢深静脉血栓是影响肾病综合征(Nephrotic Syndrome,NS)预后的重要因素,但在其发生率以及治疗方面仍存在争议。本文将通过回顾性的病例研究对NS患者中血栓栓塞事件的发生率、危险因素以及是否需要早期干预等问题进行探讨。方法：收集上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院肾内科2014年1-12月诊断为原发性NS患者,并同时收集患者基本临床信息,血栓检查结果以及NS相关血液及尿液检查结果等在内的临床资料,采用多种统计方法分析血栓发生率及其危险因素,并进一步讨论NS患者的预防性抗凝措施。结果：NS患者下肢静脉血栓或肺栓塞的发生率均为15.4%,两种血栓同时发生的概率为9.6%。NS患者血栓事件的发生率与D-二聚体、血浆白蛋白、病程、病理类型呈明显相关,且具有统计学意义。结论：NS患者血栓栓塞的发生率与D-二聚体、血浆白蛋白、病程、病理类型呈显著相关,膜性肾病患者血栓栓塞发生率最高。如NS患者合并高危因素,建议定期筛查,综合评估后预防性抗凝。     

氟比洛芬酯术前预处理对患者术中应激反应的影响

目的：探讨氟比洛芬酯术前预处理对患者术中应激反应的影响。方法：选择我院行全麻下腹式子宫全切术患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组均采用相同的麻醉诱导和维持方案,观察组于手术开始前10min缓慢静注氟比洛芬酯脂微球注射液1mg·Kg。记录诱导前、切皮时、探查时和术毕的平均动脉压和心率;放射免疫分析法测定患者血浆中血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、皮质醇的浓度变化。结果：观察组心率、平均动脉压在切皮时、探查时、术毕时均较对照组低,但无显著性差异（p〉0．05）;观察组切皮时、探查时、术毕时血浆肾素、血管肾张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、皮质醇浓度均较对照组低,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组术中的四种麻药用量均有不同,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：氟比洛芬酯术前预处理能降低腹式子宫全切术中机体的应激反应,值得推广应用。