弹性髓内钉对掌骨骨折的外科治疗

背景与目的:大多数的掌骨骨折可以采取保守治疗的方法。手术适合于一些特定的病例如:在骨折侧位片上成角大于30度、短缩超过5mm或者有旋转移位。本文的目的是分析应用预弯1.6mm克氏针治疗关节外掌骨骨折的临床效果。方法:先将克氏针弯曲成尖部弯曲大约在5mm左右,较长的轴部向着与尖部相反的方向弯曲的稳定S型。首先用2.5mm的钻头钻入掌骨基底部,然后用克氏针的尾部顺行插入,当克氏针经过骨折部位时复位骨折。应用克氏针三点固定的原理固定骨折,用手指夹板固定,早期进行掌指关节的活动。结果:自2009年到2010年我们探索性的固定了5例第五掌骨和2例第一掌骨。病人的平均年龄是35岁,其中6例男性、1例女性。外科治疗的平均时间是13天(4天至28天),骨折全部愈合良好。克氏针拔出的平均时间是4.5周(3至6周)。结论:单根预弯克氏针治疗掌骨骨折,不仅简单、快捷而且可以早期行患手各关节功能练习,使手部关节功能获得满意恢复,是掌骨骨折治疗过程中的一种理想方法     

基于有限元的第5 掌骨颈骨折钢板螺钉内固定的生物力学分析

目的：应用有限元方法建立三种不同的治疗第5 掌骨颈骨折的钢板螺钉内固定模型,比较三种模型的生物力学稳定性,为 第5 掌骨颈骨折的临床早期功能康复提供参考。方法：选取一名健康青年志愿者,将CT 扫描数据导入三维有限元软件建立第5 掌骨颈骨折模型,并选取三种钢板螺钉内固定方法进行骨折固定。对三种模型施加外力荷载并进行生物力学有限元分析,对比骨 折断端的最大位移和钢板螺钉的应力分布情况。结果：方法一、二、三的第5 掌骨骨折端的最大位移分别为0.189775 mm、 0.181428 mm、0.224299 mm,以方法二的骨折端位移最小;内固定材料的最大应力分别为1.20 KPa、1.00 KPa、1.39 KPa,以方法二 的钢板螺钉应力最小。结论：采用近端三颗螺钉远端两颗螺钉的直型钢板内固定方法治疗第五掌骨颈骨折的生物力学稳定性更 好,术后早期功能锻炼的安全性更高,是治疗第5 掌骨颈骨折的理想内固定方法。     

AO微型钢板与克氏针固定在断指再植术中的临床应用比较

目的：比较AO微型钢板与克氏针内固定在断指再植术中的临床应用效果。方法：断指患者52例,其中26例（34指）断指采用AO微型钢板内固定治疗（观察组）,另26例（37指）采用克氏针交叉固定治疗（对照组）,术后均辅以功能康复训练。比较两组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间及断指功能恢复优良率。结果：观察组与对照组断指再植平均耗时分别为（83．5±10．2）min、（62．7±8．3）min（P〈0．01）,骨折愈合时间分别为（5．8±0．9）周、（8．4±1．7）周（P〈0．01）,断指功能恢复优良率分别为91．2％、62．2％（P〈0．01）。结论：在断指再植术中应用AO微型钢板内固定与克氏针比较,虽手术耗时较长,但骨折愈合时间短,断指功能恢复优良,值得临床推广应用。     

指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的微型锁定钢板皮外固定应用效果及对关节活动度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的微型锁定钢板皮外固定的应用效果及对关节活动度的影响。方法：选取我院2015年7月到2020年7月共收治的80例指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组应用克氏针、微型螺钉、肌腱缝线或拉力螺钉进行内固定,观察组在对照组基础上联合应用微型锁定钢板皮外固定,并针对患者合并软组织损伤情况应用石膏外固定。对比两组患者的骨折愈合时间、围术期指标、Jamar握力、TAM、DASH评分、术后不良反应情况以及生活质量。结果：观察组手术时间高于对照组,骨折愈合时间和住院时间较对照组低（P＜0.05）;观察组患者的DASH评分明显低于对照组,TAM与Jamar握力明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）;术后1个月两组患者生活质量评分均升高,高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对指掌骨骨折合并软组织损伤的患者在常规克氏针内固定的基础上,应用微型锁定钢板皮外固定,再进行石膏固定,手术步骤、手术时间虽增加,但更有利于患者术后骨折愈合,减少术后并发症的发生,减少住院时间,促进患者出院后关节功能恢复,提高生活质量,值得临床应用推广。     

AO 微型钢板与克氏针固定在断指再植术中的临床应用比较

目的:比较AO微型钢板与克氏针内固定在断指再植术中的临床应用效果。方法:断指患者52例,其中26例(34指)断指采用AO微型钢板内固定治疗(观察组),另26例(37指)采用克氏针交叉固定治疗(对照组),术后均辅以功能康复训练。比较两组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间及断指功能恢复优良率。结果:观察组与对照组断指再植平均耗时分别为(83.5±10.2)min、(62.7±8.3)min(P<0.01),骨折愈合时间分别为(5.8±0.9)周、(8.4±1.7)周(P<0.01),断指功能恢复优良率分别为91.2%、62.2%(P<0.01)。结论:在断指再植术中应用AO微型钢板内固定与克氏针比较,虽手术耗时较长,但骨折愈合时间短,断指功能恢复优良,值得临床推广应用。     

可吸收螺钉结合克氏针治疗跟骨骨折

目的评价可吸收螺钉结合克氏针治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法采用可吸收螺钉结合克氏针对17例跟骨骨折行切开复位内固定。按Sanders分型[1]:其中Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型10例,IV型1例。结果 17例均获得随访,随访时间6～42个月,平均11.6个月,骨折全部愈合。疗效优6例,良8例,可2例,差1例,优良率82.4%。结论可吸收螺钉结合克氏针用于治疗跟骨骨折,值得推广。     

克氏针内固定术与钢板内固定术治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较克氏针内固定术与钢板内固定术在锁骨骨折患者中的临床疗效和安全性。方法:收集我院收治的的70例锁骨骨折患者,随机分为克氏针内固定组和钢板内固定组,每组35例。克氏针内固定组患者给予克氏针内固定术,钢板内固定组患者采用钢板内固定术,观察并比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间,术中出血量,畸形愈合、延迟愈合、肩关节疼痛、切口感染、钢板断裂等并发症的发生率以及临床疗效。结果:与钢板内固定组相比,克氏针内固定组患者的手术时间以及住院时间较短,术中出血量较少,但并发症发生率较高,临床治疗优良率较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钢板内固定组患者的临床效果较好,并发症发生率较低,但克氏针内固定方法在手术时间、住院时间,术中出血量方面具有一定的优势。     

三种内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效探讨

肱骨外科颈骨折是一种比较常见的骨折现象,其主要发生在青少年和老年人身上。肱骨外科颈骨的固定治疗分为内固定和外固定两种。与外固定相比,内固定往往是针对骨折比较严重的病患。本文就将对AOT型钢板、克氏针以及肱骨近端锁定钢板三种内固定的治疗方法进行研究分析。     

微型钢板内固定与克氏针内固定治疗掌指关节周围骨折临床疗效的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：对比掌指关节周围骨折采用克氏针内固定或微型钢板内固定治疗后的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2019年8月~2022年12月期间江南大学附属医院收治的掌指关节周围骨折97例患者的临床资料。按照不同的内固定方式将患者分为A组（克氏针内固定治疗,47例）和B组（微型钢板内固定,50例）。对比两组治疗指标[手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、功能锻炼开始时间]、术后指标[指关节总活动度、手总主动活动度评分]、手功能[手指总主动屈曲度量表（TAFS）评分]、手部疼痛,同时观察两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：B组的功能锻炼开始时间、骨折愈合时间均短于A组,手术时间长于A组（P<0.05）,两组住院时间组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。B组的指关节总活动度大于A组,手总主动活动度评分高于A组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,两组手部疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。B组手功能TAFS评分优良率为92.00%,高于A组74.47%（P<0.05）。B组的术后并发症发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：相对于克氏针内固定治疗,微型钢板内固定治疗掌指关节周围骨折,可缩短愈合时间、功能锻炼开始时间,提高手功能,指关节总活动度以及手总主动活动度评分,减轻手疼痛,降低并发症发生率,但其手术时间更长。     

闭合复位空心钉内固定对第五掌骨颈骨折的治疗观察

目的分析闭合复位空心钉内固定对第五掌骨颈骨折的治疗价值。方法随机抽取我院近年来收治的第五掌骨颈骨折患者45例,采取闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗,观察患者术后关节功能恢复情况。结果 45例患者术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,术后无感染、断钉等并发症发生。术后患侧颈干角较术前明显降低(P0.05),与健侧颈干角相比无明显差异(P0.05);术后掌指关节活动度较术前明显增加(P0.05),与健侧掌指关节活动度相比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗第五掌骨颈骨折效果显著,可快速恢复手部功能。     

Accelerated Return to Play in Professional Basketball Players With Surgically-Treated Metacarpal Shaft Fractures

BackgroundTraditional rehabilitation protocols for surgically treated metacarpal shaft fracture allow for return to play at 6-8 weeks post-operative. This may be devastating for the elite athlete. We outline a protocol that may allow for professional basketball players to successfully return to sport within four weeks following surgery.MethodsProfessional basketball players who sustained non-thumb metacarpal shaft fractures were included. All athletes underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the injured metacarpal. Patients were subsequently enrolled into an accelerated rehabilitation protocol.ResultsThe five athletes in our case series successfully passed return to sport testing within four weeks of surgery.ConclusionA plate and screw construct can potentially allow for professional basketball players to return to play in half the time. Future research studies should include a larger pool of athletes to further investigate accelerated rehabilitation following surgical fixation of metacarpal fractures. Level of Evidence: IV     

Novel Intramedullary-Fixation Technique for Long Bone Fragility Fractures Using Bioresorbable Materials

Almost all of the currently available fracture fixation devices for metaphyseal fragility fractures are made of hard metals, which carry a high risk of implant-related complications such as implant cutout in severely osteoporotic patients. We developed a novel fracture fixation technique (intramedullary-fixation with biodegradable materials; IM-BM) for severely weakened long bones using three different non-metallic biomaterials, a poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) woven tube, a nonwoven polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) fiber mat, and an injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of IM-BM with mechanical testing as well as with an animal experiment. To perform mechanical testing, we fixed two longitudinal acrylic pipes with four different methods, and used them for a three-point bending test (N = 5). The three-point bending test revealed that the average fracture energy for the IM-BM group (PLLA + CPC + PHA) was 3 times greater than that of PLLA + CPC group, and 60 to 200 times greater than that of CPC + PHA group and CPC group. Using an osteoporotic rabbit distal femur incomplete fracture model, sixteen rabbits were randomly allocated into four experimental groups (IM-BM group, PLLA + CPC group, CPC group, Kirschner wire (K-wire) group). No rabbit in the IM-BM group suffered fracture displacement even under full weight bearing. In contrast, two rabbits in the PLLA + CPC group, three rabbits in the CPC group, and three rabbits in the K-wire group suffered fracture displacement within the first postoperative week. The present work demonstrated that IM-BM was strong enough to reinforce and stabilize incomplete fractures with both mechanical testing and an animal experiment even in the distal thigh, where bone is exposed to the highest bending and torsional stresses in the body. IM-BM can be one treatment option for those with severe osteoporosis.     

FRACTURE OF THE METACARPAL SHAFT—A Method of Treatment

Anatomically, metacarpal fractures, when reduced, are not spontaneously stable. They require maintenance of this reduction because of the forces acting on the fragments. Closed methods of maintaining this reduction are ideal, but in selected cases, intramedullary fixation of the fracture, using the Kirschner wire, gives excellent results. The method under consideration does not disturb the fracture site itself, the Kirschner wire being introduced “blind.” Correct placement of the site of insertion of the wire, coupled with the rigid immobilization thus attained, gives excellent results in a high proportion of selected cases.     

A simple technique to repair a hand fracture in a captive Siamang

A 5‐year‐old female Siamang (Hylobates syndactilus) in captivity sustained a displaced closed fracture of the proximal phalanx of the middle digit, resulting in finger deformity and hand functional disability. Anatomical reduction and stabilization of the fracture were obtained surgically using two multifilament wire sutures. The primate had a successful functional recovery.     

Thumb reconstruction by free microvascular transfer of an injured index finger

Thumb reconstruction for amputation at the metacarpal phalangeal level was accomplished by microneurovascular transfer of the contralateral damaged index finger ray, including metacarpal phalangeal joint. This transfer accomplished a successful thumb restoration and removed a cumbersome index finger amputation stump, improving function in both hands. This case emphasizes the merits of spare part transfer in hand reconstructive surgery made possible by microneurovascular techniques.     

A New Species of the Asian Toad Genus Megophrys sensu lato(Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province,China

We describe a new species of the genus Megophrys sensu lato from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences all strongly supported the new species as an independent lineage in Megophrys(Panophrys) clade. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) small body size with SVL 38.8 mm in male and SVL 42.3 mm in female;(2) vomerine teeth absent;(3) tongue not notched behind;(4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid;(5) tympanum distinctly visible, rounded;(6) two metacarpal tubercles in hand;(7) relative finger lengths: II I V III;(8) toes with rudimentary webbing at bases;(9) heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(10) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum to eye when leg stretched forward;(11) an internal single subgular vocal sac in male;(12) in breeding male, the nuptial pads with black nuptial spines on the dorsal bases of the first and second fingers.     

Measurement of fracture movement in patients treated with unilateral external skeletal fixation

Axial movement occurring at the fracture site has been determined in a group of healing tibial fractures treated by external skeletal fixation. Fracture movement was determined via a strain gauge transducer which was attached to the column of the external fixator and measured the deflection of the bone screw adjacent to the fracture site and the active loading or weight bearing given by the patient to the fractured limb was monitored using a force platform. The results for 27 subjects show that, with a rigid unilateral fixator, the axial movement occurring at the fracture site was initially small (mean = 0.28 mm at 5 weeks post fracture). This movement increases to reach a mean maximum value of 0.43 mm at 11 weeks post-fracture and then decreases, despite increased weight bearing, as fracture healing progresses. In the early stages of healing, the movement can be increased slightly if the fixator is fitted with a module which permits additional fracture site movement, although the resultant increase in movement is only a small proportion of the potential available with this module.     

Connective tissue reinforcing structures of the digital tendon sheaths of the human hand

At a greater number of humid preparated human hands, all the ligamentous supports of the digital tendon sheath were exposed and their dimensions were determined. The osteofibrous channels, which contain the long flexor tendons of the digits, were bounded on the one hand by transversely concave shaft areas of the phalanges and the palmar ligaments and on the other side by the fibrous parts of the tendon sheath. From the second to the 5th finger, it has a regular extension of length, which begins proximal at the heads of the metacarpal bones and runs distal to the base of the nail phalanx. In some cases, there is a continuous communication between the digital tendon sheath of the little finger and the carpal synovial sheath. The tendon sheath of the flexor pollicis longus muscle in comparison with it is always in an open communication with the radial synovial sac of the wrist. At the fibrous supports of the digital tendon sheath, one can find constant and inconstant ligamentous structures. Regular shaped ligaments consist of annular fibers (A1 to A5). The proximal complex of fiber supports is a formation of the A1 and A2 ligaments. The band A1 can be divided into 2 ligaments both of roughly equal length, which lay between the head of the metacarpal bone and the base of the proximal phalanx. The strongest fibrous support of the whole digital tendon sheath represents the band A2. It is attached to the midth of the proximal phalanx and increases in strength from proximal to distal. The middle length varies between 6.7 mm at the thumb and 18.7 mm at the middle finger. The distal margin is strengthened by fibrocartilage tissue to be in accordance with the important function as a pulley. The annular band A4 forms the distal supporting complex height above the shaft of the middle phalanx. At the 2nd to the 5th finger it is, with a middle length of 6 to 7 mm, very much shorter than A2 and restrains first of all the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. In the area of the interphalangeal joints, we can find the annular bands A3 and A5, which fiber texture is formed variable. Both ligaments are attached on either both sides with the joint capsule and the palmar plate. The other inconstant supports of the digital sheaths are systematically recorded indeed (C1 to C3), but only in exceptional cases they exist of cruciform fibers (Lig. cruciatum).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)