刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响

目的:探讨刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠海马组织TH、TPH表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组,21d慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激法(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)制备大鼠抑郁模型,对照组给予生理盐水1ml灌胃,刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组分别给予刺五加胶囊(300mg/kg,600mg/kg,1200mg/kg)灌胃,取大鼠海马组织。分别采用realtime RT-PCR和western blot方法观察大鼠海马组织酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)的表达。结果:刺五加胶囊低剂量组能明显升高海马组织中TH、TPH mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),中、高剂量组能显著升高海马组织中TH、TPH mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。结论:刺五加胶囊能升高抑郁大鼠海马组织中TH、TPH的表达。     

刺五加胶囊改善抑郁大鼠学习记忆能力及对海马BDNF 表达的影响

目的:探讨刺五加胶囊对抑郁大鼠学习记忆能力及对海马BDNF表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组,21d慢性轻度不可预见性应激刺激法(CUMS)制备大鼠抑郁模型,对照组给予生理盐水1ml灌胃,刺五加胶囊低、中、高剂量组分别给予刺五加胶囊(200mg/kg,400mg/kg,800mg/kg)灌胃,取大鼠海马组织。分别采用Morris水迷宫法和免疫组织化学法观察大鼠大鼠学习记忆能力及对海马脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)表达。结果:刺五加胶囊低剂量组能升高海马组织中BDNF的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低大鼠逃避潜伏期(EL)时间,提高大鼠空间探索时间(SET)(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:刺五加胶囊能升高抑郁大鼠海马组织BDNF的表达,提升抑郁大鼠学习记忆能力。     

乌灵胶囊对抑郁大鼠脑组织中乙酰化H3 及5-HTT、TH 表达的影响

目的:观察乌灵胶囊对抑郁大鼠脑组织中乙酰化组蛋白H3及5-羟色胺受体(5-HTT)、酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及乌灵胶囊低、高剂量组。取大鼠脑组织,分别采用实时荧光定量PCR法和western blot法检测脑组织中乙酰化组蛋白H3、组蛋白H3,5-HTT、TH蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果:乌灵胶囊明显增强大鼠脑组织中乙酰化组蛋白比例和5-HTT、TH蛋白和mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。结论:乌灵胶囊治疗抑郁症的机制可能与升高脑组织乙酰化组蛋白含量,从而促进5-HTT、TH的表达有关。     

刺五加对抑郁症大鼠行为学的影响

目的:研究刺五加对抑郁症动物行为学的影响。方法:采用大鼠强迫游泳试验,确定实验中刺五加治疗组剂量。采用慢性温和性不可预知应激(CUMS)+孤养的方法复制大鼠抑郁模型,将48只SD雄性大鼠分为6组(n=8):正常对照组(NC)、空白对照组(BC)、实验对照组(EC)、刺五加浸膏治疗组(AS)、盐酸氯丙咪嗪治疗组(CH)及刺五加浸膏+盐酸氯丙咪嗪联合治疗组(A+C),观察大鼠糖水偏爱度、体重增长和行为学改变。结果:在强迫游泳实验中,一定剂量的刺五加浸膏能明显缩短大鼠水面停留时间,其中600mg/kg剂量作用最为显著。在CUMS+孤养抑郁模型动物实验中,与NC组相比,BC组和EC组中央格停留时间显著增加(P0.05),其它各项指标显著减少(P0.05),BC组和EC组间各项指标没有显著差异(P0.05);经过28天的治疗后,AS组的中央格停留时间和穿越格数,CH组的穿越格数和清洁运动次数有改善但与NC组相比仍有显著差异(P0.05),AS组、CH组的其余各项指标及A+C组的各项指标都恢复至NC组水平(P0.05)。结论:刺五加在改善抑郁模型大鼠快感缺乏和其他行为学变化方面的作用与盐酸氯丙咪嗪相似,在提高动物对周围环境的要求及对自身的关注度方面略优于盐酸氯丙咪嗪。联合用药能有效改善各种症状且效果优于单独用药。     

补糖和/或刺五加对大鼠运动后骨骼肌细胞AMPK蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究补糖和刺五加对大鼠运动后骨骼肌细胞的AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)蛋白表达的影响及其恢复期的时相性变化。方法:128只SD大鼠大鼠随机分为训练对照组(C组)、训练补糖组(G组)、训练补刺五加皂甙组(A组)和训练补糖补刺五加皂甙组(GA组)四大组,补糖和刺五加均在运动后0.5 h内灌胃给予。根据运动前和运动后不同时间(0 h,4 h,12 h)采样,共分为16小组(n=8)。采用Western blot方法分析骨骼肌的AMPK蛋白含量。结果:①运动后骨骼肌的AMPK蛋白表达量上调,运动后即刻最高(209.23±21.32),随后逐渐恢复;②补药显著地提高了机体在消耗糖原运动后即刻和4 h后的股四头肌AMPK蛋白含量(225.11±20.58和186.31±15.26vs195.19±13.31和157.11±16.43),运动后12 h两组间没有差异;③补糖对骨骼肌AMPK的蛋白表达量的影响没有统计学意义;④补糖同时补药可提高运动后即刻和4 h后的股四头肌AMPK蛋白含量(217.96±19.25和191.86±14.69),但是运动后12h反而低于对照组(121.89±15.23vs137.92±16.01)。结论:运动可激活骨骼肌细胞AMPK,补充刺五加皂甙可上调运动后的AMPK蛋白表达,补糖则没有影响。     

甘麦大枣汤对抑郁模型大鼠海马神经元突触结构及结构蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察甘麦大枣汤对抑郁模型大鼠行为学及单胺递质的影响,并从突触结构及结构蛋白MAP-2与GAP-43表达改变探讨其潜在作用机制。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、模型组、氟西汀组(10.8mg/kg)、甘麦大枣汤高、低剂量组(9.72、4.86 g/kg),每组12只。除对照组外,其余各组大鼠均采用慢性不可预见性温和应激(CUMS)建立抑郁模型,并于造模同时给药组灌胃给药,连续21 d。采用糖水消耗实验和旷场测试评价大鼠抑郁样行为,ELISA法检测海马单胺递质5-HT、NE含量,Golgi染色观察神经元突触损伤情况,免疫组化法和Western blot法检测海马突触结构蛋白MAP-2和GAP-43的表达。结果:与对照组比较,抑郁模型大鼠糖水偏好度及自主活动评分均显著下降(P<0.01),海马5-HT、NE含量显著下降(P<0.01),树突棘缺失明显,同时MAP-2和GAP-43表达均显著下调(P<0.01);甘麦大枣汤干预后,模型大鼠抑郁样行为明显缓解(P<0.01),5-HT、NE含量显著升高(P<0.05),树突棘密度、长度及分枝增加,...     

人参皂苷Rg1对抑郁症大鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、PKA、PKC的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析人参皂苷Rg1对抑郁症大鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、蛋白激酶A（PKA）与蛋白激酶C（PKC）的影响。方法：抑郁症大鼠48只随机平分为三组-模型组、实验1组、实验2组,每组16只大鼠。实验1组、实验2组每天2次灌胃给药（1 mg/mL、4 mg/mL人参皂苷Rg1）,给药体积为10 mL;模型组以相同方式按体重给予双蒸水。观察与记录鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、PKA、PKC表达变化情况。结果：实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的逃避潜伏期都显著低于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著缩短（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的糖水偏好率高于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著升高（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的血清5-羟色胺较模型组高,血清皮质酮含量较模型组低,实验2组与实验1组对比也有明显差异（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的海马神经元组织的PKA、PKC蛋白相对表达水平显著低于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著缩短（P<0.05）。结论：人参皂苷Rg1在抑郁症大鼠的应用能改善抑郁行为,增加糖水偏好率,降低逃避潜伏期,还可提高大鼠的血清5-羟色胺含量,降低血清皮质酮含量,降低海马神经元组织的PKA、PKC蛋白表达水平。     

生境异质性对刺五加种子萌发的影响及其种子库动态

本文通过定位观测研究了中国东北红松阔叶林及其次生林下重要灌木刺五加种子在异质生境中转化为幼苗的差异,人工落叶松林下模拟种子库的动态。结果表明：人工落叶松林下的转化率最高,为１６．８％。以下顺序为蒙古栎林下为４．ｌ％,白桦林下为２．７％,人工红松林下为０．８％,硬阔叶林下为０．５％。人工落叶松林下模拟种子库中刺五加种子的寿命为４ａ。幼苗输出率第２年为１４．５％,第３年为１０．１％,第４年为１．８％。其它输出为：腐烂３３．ｌ％;生理衰老２２．３％;鼠类捕食１４．１％,但其很不稳定,这与鼠类种群数量动态有关。昆虫和土壤动物捕食最少,仅１．２７％。     

骨髓基质细胞的分离、鉴定以及TH基因的转染与表达

目的是探索骨髓基质细胞的分离培养、鉴定及其接受并表达TH基因的能力。实验中通过密度梯度离心法成功地从成年SD大鼠骨髓中分离获得了骨髓基质干细胞 ,并用流式细胞仪对其进行鉴定 ,纯度可达 75 %。进一步采用复制缺陷型腺相关病毒载体介导的基因转染方法 ,将之改造成为携带lacZ与TH基因的工程细胞 ,经X gal染色和TH免疫组化检测 ,转染效率为 (74 .6± 19.4 ) %。实验结果表明骨髓基质细胞易于接受并表达外源基因 ,有望作为运载细胞应用于帕金森病的基因治疗。     

不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑TRH表达的影响

目的:研究分析两种不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠(CUMS)下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠编号后采用随机数字表法分为对照组(正常喂养)、模型组(仅建立CUMS模型,不予治疗)、观察组A(建立CUMS模型后,脉冲电针治疗)、观察组B(建立CUMS模型后,音乐电针治疗)、氟西汀组(建立CUMS模型后,氟西汀治疗)各12只,对除对照组之外的其他各组大鼠进行1只/笼的孤养结合方式建造CUMS模型,利用开野实验观察各组大鼠行为学改变,采用实时荧光定量(PCR)法测定各组大鼠下丘脑组织中TRH m RNA的表达,采用免疫组化法测定TRH蛋白的表达。结果:在刺激21 d后,模型组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著的低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);模型组大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CUMS大鼠下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素表达水平降低,脉冲电针与音乐电针能有效逆转这一现象,效果相当。     

The interaction between TPH2 promoter haplotypes and clinical-demographic risk factors in suicide victims with major psychoses

Tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HT) and is predominantly localized in the brain. Previous studies have suggested that there is an association between serotonergic dysfunction in the brain and suicidality. This study was designed to examine whether the -473T > A and -8396G > C polymorphisms of the TPH2 gene may be associated with completed suicide in subjects with major psychoses from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank sample. TPH2 genotypes were determined in 69 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, among which 22 died by suicide. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and typed by automated methods. Both markers were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and in strong linkage disequilibrium. No association with history of suicide was found for either polymorphism. Haplotype analysis with EHAP showed no association between completed suicide and haplotype distribution (chi2 = 1.877; 3 df; P = 0.598). Nor was there any association between suicide and these genetic markers even when clinical-demographic factors were considered as covariates in the haplotype analysis. These findings suggest that these 5' marker haplotypes in the TPH2 gene do not influence suicidal behaviour.     

右归丸对鼠膝骨性关节炎的治疗作用及Wnt信号通路相关因子表达的影响

目的：分析右归丸对膝骨性关节炎（KOA）大鼠Wnt信号通路相关因子表达的影响,探讨右归丸对KOA大鼠的保护机制。方法：SPF级SD大鼠60只,按照体重法随机分为假手术组、模型组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖组、右归丸高、中、低剂量组（n=10）。采用改良Hulth法复制膝骨关节炎大鼠模型。右归丸高中低剂量组分别按20、10、5 g/kg灌服相应的药物,硫酸氨基葡萄糖组按0.17 g/kg灌服硫酸氨基葡萄糖,假手术组和模型组灌服等体积的生理盐水,干预8周。末次给药后摘取膝关节,通过膝关节病理切片观察各组大鼠软骨组织病理改变;采用RT-PCR法对各组大鼠软骨组织DKK1、WISP1、Wnt1、β-catenin和LRP5 mRNA的表达水平进行对比分析;通过Western blot法检测各组大鼠软骨组织DKK1、WISP1、Wnt1、LRP5和β-catenin的蛋白质含量的变化。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠关节软骨受损严重,Mankin评分明显升高（P<0.05）;DKK1 mRNA表达水平和蛋白质表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）;WISP1、Wnt1、β-catenin、LRP5 mRNA表达水平及蛋白质表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,右归丸高剂量组和硫酸氨基葡萄糖组关节软骨病变明显减轻;Mankin评分明显减轻（P<0.05）;大鼠软骨组织中DKK1 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达水平明显升高,WISP1、Wnt1、β-catenin、LRP5 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：右归丸通过抑制Wnt信号通路中WISP1、Wnt1、β-catenin、LRP5的表达,促进DKK1细胞因子的表达,发挥对KOA的保护作用。     

The significance of an increase in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in colorectal cancer and its biological regulating role in the physiological switching of the immune response cytokine network from TH1 to TH2 and back

 Current research has still not clarified the biological role of soluble interleukin(IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and the significance of its increase in the serum of colon cancer patients compared to healthy subjects. To address these questions at the immunological level in a group of patients and healthy subjects, we determined the sIL-2R level in the serum and its release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as a function of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, interferon (IFN) γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the serum and PBMC production; and PBMC proliferative responses to IL-2, IL-4 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (CD3), variously combined. The level of sIL-2R in patients’ serum was higher than in healthy subjects and correlated with the stage of advancement. Moreover, while in healthy subjects the serum level of sIL-2R was not significantly correlated with other parameters, in patients it was positively related to IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels, PBMC IL-4 production and to the PBMC proliferative response to CD3 and CD3+IL-2; it was negatively correlated to IL-2 serum level and IL-1β PBMC release. A negative connection between IFNγ serum level and the PBMC production of sIL-2R was also found. This suggests that the increase of sIL-2R in the serum of patients, compared to healthy subjects, is involved in the inappropriate expansion of the T helper (TH2) suppressive immune response, which we previously reported. The multivariate statistical method supported the above suggestions and we also found that, in healthy subjects, the up- and down-regulation of sIL-2R in the serum within the physiological ranges seems to have a regulating role in the relationships between TNFα, IFNγ and IL-4, IL-6, contributing to the operation of the cytokine network between TH1 and TH2 cells. However, in patients compared to healthy subjects the increased sIL-2R serum level seems to direct the immune response towards a suppressive type, which may be due to an alteration in the above-mentioned physiological regulating role. Received: 12 April 1997 / Accepted: 4 September 1997     

Disregulation in TH1 and TH2 subsets of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients and involvement in cancer establishment and progression

 Recent theories have established that, during an ongoing immune response, the lymphokines produced by TH1 and TH2 subsets of CD4⁺ T cells are critical to the effectiveness of that response. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the type of environmental cytokines plays a determinant role in directing the development of naive T cells into TH1 or TH2 effector cells. Disregulated expansion of one or other subset may contribute to the development of certain diseases. To establish whether a similar situation might exist in the cells of the peripheral blood (PBMC) of colorectal cancer patients, we have performed immunological studies on a group of patients and a group of healthy subjects. We examined the interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-4, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α levels in serum; the production of IL-4 and IL-2, with and without activating agents, by PBMC, tumour-draining lymph node lymphocytes and tumour cells; and the proliferative response of PBMC to IL-2, IL-4 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD3), which were variously combined. The data of the present study lead us to hypothesize that, because of suppressive effects probably due to environmental IL-4, in the peripheral blood of patients there seems to be a disregulation in the functionality of TH1 and TH2 subsets of CD4⁺ T cells, with an expansion in TH2 and a malfunction in TH1 cells. Moreover it seems that this disregulation increases with as the disease progresses through the stages, suggesting that it can be directly implicated in the mechanisms that allow the tumour to locate and progress in the host. Received: 27 June 1995 / Accepted: 13 November 1995     

姜黄素对自发性高血压大鼠脑缺血/再灌注后海马神经元损伤及RANTES表达的影响

目的：探讨姜黄素对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）脑缺血/再灌注后认知功能及海马神经元损伤和调解活化正常T细胞表达和分泌的趋化因子（RANTES）表达的影响。方法：雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）和SHR,随机分为5组：假手术组（W-Sham、S-Sham）、缺血/再灌注组（W-I/R、S-I/R）和姜黄素组（S-Cur）,各组按再灌注时间分为3h、12 h、1 d、3 d、7 d 5个亚组（n=6）。采用四血管阻断法制备全脑缺血/再灌注模型,HE染色观察海马CA1区神经细胞形态,Nissl染色计数海马CA1区平均锥体细胞密度,ELISA法检测海马RANTES表达,于再灌注后7 d观察行为学。结果：与假手术组大鼠比较,缺血/再灌注组大鼠学习和记忆能力下降,海马CA1区神经元损伤加重,海马RANTES蛋白表达上调（P〈0.05）;与W-I/R大鼠比较,S-I/R大鼠学习和记忆能力下降,海马CA1区神经元损伤加重,海马RANTES蛋白表达上调（P〈0.05）;姜黄素组大鼠学习和记忆能力明显改善,海马CA1区神经元损伤减轻,海马RANTES蛋白表达下调（P〈0.05）。结论：缺血/再灌注更易导致SHR海马神经元损伤。姜黄素减轻SHR脑缺血/再灌注海马神经元损伤,其机制可能与抑制RANTES蛋白的表达有关。     

电针对帕金森病模型大鼠腹侧被盖区TH和nNOS表达的影响

目的观察不同频率电针对帕金森病（PD）模型大鼠腹侧被盖区（VTA）酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）表达的影响。方法将30只SD大鼠,随机分为5组：正常对照组,假手术组、模型组,PD模型低频电针组和高频电针组。采用右侧纹状体内注射6-羟基多巴胺（6～OHDA）制备PD模型,取合谷和太冲穴,分别给予低频（2Hz）和高频（100Hz）电针治疗。免疫组织化学方法观察VTA的TH和nNOS表达。结果与正常对照组相比,PD模型大鼠vTA的TH表达减少、nNOS表达增加,高频电针可增加其TH表达和降低nNOS表达,低频电针对其没有影响。结论高频电针治疗PD的机制之一可能是通过降低PD模型大鼠VTAnNOS表达,从而减少因NO的产生引起的TH标记的DA能神经元的死亡。