覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口- 胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的:探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床价值及其安全性。方法:6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果:6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6/7(86%)。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论:采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

新型可降解支架治疗食管吻合口瘘的疗效分析

目的:评价新型生物可降解支架治疗颈部食管吻合口瘘的效果,为治疗食管吻合口瘘提供理论依据。方法:将成年健康新西兰大白兔采用切开吻合置管造瘘法建立颈部食管吻合口瘘的动物模型,1周后,食管造影确定食管瘘口完成。完全随机分组,空白对照组(A组,n=5),对照组(B组,n=5)和实验组(C组,n=5)。实验组使用生物可降解支架封闭瘘口,而对照组应用同规格不可降解支架封堵食管瘘口。植入后每周行食管造影,观察支架及瘘口情况,植入后8周为实验终点。结果:本研究成功建立了兔颈部食管吻合口瘘的动物模型,至实验终点,普通支架组,支架覆盖瘘口,未发生支架移位及穿孔等现象。新型可分解支架组,3例支架分别在支架植入后5-8周分解,发生移位。实验组与对照组闭合率无统计学意义(4/5比3/5,P0.05)。结论:新型生物可降解支架支架是治疗食管吻合口瘘的一种有效方法。     

自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘

目的：探讨自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的疗效和并发症。方法：2004年1月至2009年6月对63例恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘患者实施食管支架置入,男45例,女28例;年龄45～81岁,平均69.3岁。支架为MTN型形状记忆钛镍合金食管加膜支架（南京微创医学科技有限公司生产）,支架植入均在DSA监视下操作完成。结果：63例均一次性放置成功,即刻口服造影通过顺利剂。结论：自膨式食管金属加膜支架是治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的有效方法。     

自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘

目的:探讨自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的疗效和并发症。方法:2004年1月至2009年6月对63例恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘患者实施食管支架置入,男45例,女28例;年龄45～81岁,平均69.3岁。支架为MTN型形状记忆钛镍合金食管加膜支架(南京微创医学科技有限公司生产),支架植入均在DSA监视下操作完成。结果:63例均一次性放置成功,即刻口服造影通过顺利剂。结论:自膨式食管金属加膜支架是治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的有效方法。     

三种术式重建食管治疗食管癌和贲门癌的临床研究

目的:提高食管癌和贲门癌的根治切除率和临床治愈率,预防吻合口瘘。方法:设计了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种术式:上、中段食管癌采用右胸前外侧切口,经第3或4肋间开胸,左腹直肌旁或左肋弓下斜切口开腹和右颈部切口,保留2～3cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,贲门部或部分胃切除,在颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅰ式)。中段食管癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第4或第5肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,左颈部切口,保留3～4cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,部分胃切除,在左颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅱ式)。贲门癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第5或4肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,中段食管和近半胃或纵半胃切除,在主动脉弓下食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅲ式)。尽可能清除区域淋巴结,吻合口均用大网膜包盖加固。结果:食管癌和贲门癌总切除率92．1%(174/189),其中根治性切除率为75．1%(142/189),探查率(未切除)为7．9%(15/189),三种术式的总吻合口瘘发生率为4．0%(7/174),无围手术期死亡。结论:三种术式可提高根治性切除率,大网膜包盖加固吻合口可减少瘘的发生率,食管胃分层吻合法可降低吻合口狭窄的发生率,临床治愈率高,围手术期死亡率低。     

单向纳入式人工胃底活瓣在食管-胃胸内吻合抗返流中的应用研究

目的:探讨单向纳入式人工胃底活瓣用于食管-胃胸内吻合抗返流患者的临床效果。方法:选择2017年3月-2018年3月入院治疗的食管中下段癌根治术患者70例,所有患者均在腹腔镜下完成全胸腹腔镜下食管-胃胸内吻合手术,术后采用胃肠吻合器完成食管胃右胸内吻合完成消化道重建。根据抗返流方法分为对照组(n=35例)和观察组(n=35例)。对照组术后包埋吻合口,观察组术后采用单向纳入式人工胃底活瓣,两组治疗完毕后对患者效果进行评估。记录并比较两组治疗后痊愈、全身衰竭死亡、吻合口瘘、返酸及吐苦水返流症状、烧心感的发生率;采用WHOQol-BREF生活量表对两组治疗前、治疗后生活质量进行比较。结果:观察组治疗后痊愈率显著高于对照组(71.43%vs. 42.86%,P0.05),全身衰竭死亡、吻合口瘘、返酸及吐苦水返流症状、烧心感发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境及独立能力评分均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组治疗后生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境及独立能力评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:单向纳入式人工胃底活瓣用于食管中下段癌根治术患者能降低返流症状的发生率,能提高患者生活质量。     

护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果

目的：探讨护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用及效果。方法：将179例患者分为对照组和观察组,分别给予 常规护理和综合护理,观察护理干预在直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的应用效果。结果：对照组术后3 d内5例患者发生吻合 口瘘,3例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘;观察组术后3 d内1例患者发生吻合口瘘,1例患者术后4-7 d发生吻合口瘘,两组吻合 口发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=3.880,P＜0.05）。经过护理和治疗后,观察组患者吻合口瘘愈合时间明显短于对照组（t=4.026,P＜ 0.05）。对照组SAS 阳性率69.23%,观察组50.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=5.186,P＜0.05）;对照组SDS阳性率61.54%,观 察组40.00%,二者之间具有统计学差异（x2=4.978,P＜0.05）。结论：合理有效的综合护理措施可以减少吻合口瘘和医患矛盾的发 生,提高患者对治疗的满意度,促进医患关系的和谐。     

医用生物胶黏合封堵乳糜瘘10例的临床效果观察

目的:评价颈淋巴清扫术中应用医用生物胶黏合周围自体肌肉组织封堵胸导管瘘口预防术后乳糜瘘的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2005年1月~2012年4月我科收治的10例口腔癌患者,在颈淋巴清扫术中发现并确诊为乳糜瘘后,立即行瘘口缝扎并应用医用生物胶黏合周围自体肌肉组织封堵瘘口,观察其临床效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:经此方法治疗后,10例患者术中术后均未出现乳糜瘘及其他严重并发症;2例患者经此法治疗无效后,二次手术探查行瘘口缝扎及应用医用生物胶黏合封堵治疗后有效。术后随访10例患者3个月均未发现有乳糜瘘复发,亦未出现局部刺激反应及变态反应。结论:术中医用生物胶黏合封堵胸导管瘘口是预防颈淋巴结清扫术后乳糜瘘理想、安全的治疗方法。     

经皮介入封堵冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘治疗分析

目的:分析冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘(coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula,CPAF)行经皮介入封堵治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析长海医院心内科于2009年7月至2016年2月之间接受经皮介入封堵术的58例CPAF患者的临床资料,排除合并其他复杂心脏病变而需要外科手术治疗的患者。结果:58名CPAF患者经介入封堵均获成功,平均植入封堵材料(2.35±0.87)枚。24名(41.38%)患者成功封堵后残余分流立即消失,34名(58.62%)患者仍有少量分流。未出现手术相关并发症。术后随访2~61个月,无出血、缺血等并发症。随访造影显示,其中3名(5.17%)患者出现了大量再通,后者随后均接受了再次封堵术并成功封堵。结论:经皮介入封堵CPAF切实可行,但应选择适宜患者,且需要经验丰富的术者操作。经治疗后冠状动脉瘘可能出现再通,因此对这些患者应进行随访造影或其他影像学检查。     

食管癌患者在放射治疗中不同营养途径的护理管理效应

目的:探讨不同营养途径包括直接经食管与间接经鼻饲、胃造瘘进食的食管癌患者在放射治疗过程中的护理措施和方法对患者的临床效应。方法:回顾性分析我科一年来放射治疗的63例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料,其中46例患者直接经食管进食,其余17例治疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘进食,在治疗过程中注重对患者的心理护理、饮食及放疗并发症护理。结果:放疗前行鼻饲或食管造瘘患者在放疗过程中依从性好,放射性食管炎能更好的控制,未发生食管穿孔及食管气管瘘等重大放疗并发症。结论:放疗前行鼻饲或胃造瘘的食管癌患者,周密的观察与细致的护理,主动的护患沟通,会导致积极的临床效应,可减轻放射损伤,降低食管穿孔及食管气管瘘的几率,延长患者生命,提高其生活质量。     

Endovascular Repair of Arterial Iliac Vessel Wall Lesions with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent Graft System

Objective

To assess the therapeutic outcome after endovascular repair of iliac arterial lesions (IALs) using a self-expandable Nitinol stent graft system.

Methods

Between July 2006 and March 2013, 16 patients (13 males, mean age: 68 years) with a self-expandable Nitinol stent graft. A total of 19 lesions were treated: nine true aneurysms, two anastomotic aneurysms, two dissections, one arteriovenous fistula, two type 1B endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair, one pseudoaneurysm, and two perforations after angioplasty. Pre-, intra-, and postinterventional imaging studies and the medical records were analyzed for technical and clinical success and postinterventional complications.

Results

The primary technical and clinical success rate was 81.3% (13/16 patients) and 75.0% (12/16), respectively. Two patients had technical failure due to persistent type 1A endoleak and another patient due to acute stent graft thrombosis. One patient showed severe stent graft kinking on the first postinterventional day. In two patients, a second intervention was performed. The secondary technical and clinical success rate was 87.5% (14/16) and 93.8% (15/16). The minor complication rate was 6.3% (patient with painful hematoma at the access site). The major complication rate was 6.3% (patient with ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis). During median follow-up of 22.4 months, an infection of the aneurysm sac in one patient and a stent graft thrombosis in another patient were observed.

Conclusion

Endovascular repair of various IALs with a self-expandable Nitinol stent graft is safe and effective.     

腹腔镜切除与内镜联合治疗胃肠道肿瘤的效果观察

目的：分析腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胃肠道肿瘤的可行性和临床效果。方法：对我院收治的行腹腔镜切除与内镜联合治疗的75例胃肠道肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中腹腔镜与胃镜联合治疗34例,腹腔镜与肠镜联合治疗41例。总结分析治疗效果。结果：75例患者中有72例手术成功,3例患者因肿瘤位置不佳中转开腹,腹腔镜与胃镜联合平均手术时间（72.8±12.7）min,出血量5~30mL,术后无吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、腹腔感染等并发症,住院时间（7.5±0.5）d。结论：腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胃肠道肿瘤具有创伤小、手术安全的特点,是一种有效、安全的治疗手段,值得临床推广应用。     

先天性食管闭锁和气管食管瘘麻醉及围手术期管理

目的:探讨先天性食管闭锁和气管食管瘘(EA/TEF)的麻醉及围手术期管理方法.方法:回顾性分析40例手术治疗的新生儿EA/TEF的临床资料.总结麻醉及围手术期管理及转归情况.结果:40例麻醉过程较平稳顺利完成手术,3例术后拔管,37例继续呼吸支持.术后死亡7例,其中4例术后死亡,3例术后监护人放弃治疗出院后死亡.活33例中重症肺炎7例,低体温8例,吻合口瘘5例,切口感染2例,均经治疗后痊愈出院.结论:良好的麻醉及围术期管理是EA/TEF手术治疗的重要组成部分,是手术顺利进行及术后成功的关键.     

Anastomotic stenting in a porcine aortoiliac graft model

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of anastomotic stent application in a porcine aortoiliac graft model. In a total of 10 pigs, a polytetrafluoroethylene aortobi-iliac graft was implanted through a midline abdominal incision. The lower edge of the iliac vessel was graft-inverted about 1 mm to produce irregularities at the downstream anastomosis. After transverse graft incision, six stainless-steel stents, six poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) stents and four PLLA stents with 10% polycaprolactone (PCL) were implanted at the iliac anastomotic site using a 6 mm balloon dilatation catheter. Four anastomotic sites were left untreated. After two weeks, the patency of graft limbs was evaluated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Both metal and polymeric stent designs provided adequate flexibility to manoeuvre across the anastomotic site for expansion in the chosen position. After deployment, the stent-arterial wall contact was complete on a macroscopic view. On CT scan, all metal and PLLA-stented graft limbs were free of stenosis, whereas all PLLA/PCL stents were occluded. The non-stented graft limbs showed a stenosis of 50-70%. In summary, this model is feasible to assess preclinically the deployment and patency rate of an anastomotic stent and to test future stent developments.     

Analysis of pharyngocutaneous fistula following free jejunal transfer for total laryngopharyngectomy

The development of a pharyngocutaneous fistula is the most common and troublesome complication in the early postoperative period following free jejunal transfer for total laryngopharyngectomy. However, many aspects of this complication remain unclear. In this study, the authors analyzed their experience with the pharyngocutaneous fistula formation following free jejunal transfers to evaluate its clinical behavior, determine the significance of the anastomotic technique used, and evaluate the role of preoperative radiation therapy on its formation and management. Of 168 patients who underwent free jejunal transfers following total laryngopharyngectomy at the authors' institution between July of 1988 and March of 2000, 23 patients (13.7 percent) with postoperative fistulas were identified. The mean onset of fistula formation was 16 days. Of the 23 fistulas, 13 (56.5 percent) occurred at the proximal and 10 (43.5 percent) at the distal anastomoses. Whereas the majority of the proximal fistulas (69.2 percent) developed near the mesenteric side of the jejunal flap, most of the distal fistulas (90 percent) were located anteriorly. The incidence of proximal fistula formation was higher in patients with a single-layer repair than in patients with a two-layer repair of a proximal anastomosis (80 percent versus 38.5 percent, p = 0.09). The incidence of fistula formation was greater in patients who received preoperative radiation therapy than in those who did not (16.3 percent versus 11.4 percent, p = 0.36). In addition, whereas a majority of fistulas (80 percent) occurred at the proximal anastomosis in patients who did not receive preoperative radiation therapy, most fistulas (61.5 percent) occurred at the distal anastomosis in patients who did receive radiation therapy (p = 0.09). The fistulas closed spontaneously in 15 patients (65 percent). On average, spontaneous closure occurred in 7.4 weeks. Proximal fistulas had a significantly higher rate of spontaneous closure compared with distal fistulas (85 percent versus 40 percent, p = 0.04). The rate of spontaneous fistula closure was higher in patients who had not received preoperative radiation therapy than in those who had (90 percent versus 46 percent, p = 0.07). Surgical closure of the fistula was required in five patients. The fistulas were not repaired in three patients because of recurrent tumor. Twenty patients (87 percent) resumed oral feeding after the closure of the fistula, with 17 (85 percent) of 20 patients tolerating a regular diet and three (15 percent) of 20 a liquid diet only.In conclusion, most fistulas occur at the proximal anastomosis and near the mesenteric side of the jejunal flap, and the use of a two-layer anastomotic technique seems to be associated with a lower incidence of fistula formation at the proximal suture line. Most fistulas close spontaneously, especially ones that occur proximally. Preoperative radiotherapy does seem to increase the risk of fistula formation, especially at the distal anastomotic site and make subsequent resolution of the fistulas more difficult. Most patients are able to resume oral feeding once the fistula is closed.     

Deployment of self-expandable stents in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels: comparison of different computational approaches for interventional planning

In the last few years, there has been a growing focus on faster computational methods to support clinicians in planning stenting procedures. This study investigates the possibility of introducing computational approximations in modelling stent deployment in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels to achieve simulations compatible with the constraints of real clinical workflows. The release of a self-expandable stent in a simplified aneurysmatic vessel was modelled in four different initial positions. Six progressively simplified modelling approaches (based on Finite Element method and Fast Virtual Stenting--FVS) have been used. Comparing accuracy of the results, the final configuration of the stent is more affected by neglecting mechanical properties of materials (FVS) than by adopting 1D instead of 3D stent models. Nevertheless, the differences showed are acceptable compared to those achieved by considering different stent initial positions. Regarding computational costs, simulations involving 1D stent features are the only ones feasible in clinical context.     

Deployment of self-expandable stents in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels: comparison of different computational approaches for interventional planning

In the last few years, there has been a growing focus on faster computational methods to support clinicians in planning stenting procedures. This study investigates the possibility of introducing computational approximations in modelling stent deployment in aneurysmatic cerebral vessels to achieve simulations compatible with the constraints of real clinical workflows. The release of a self-expandable stent in a simplified aneurysmatic vessel was modelled in four different initial positions. Six progressively simplified modelling approaches (based on Finite Element method and Fast Virtual Stenting – FVS) have been used. Comparing accuracy of the results, the final configuration of the stent is more affected by neglecting mechanical properties of materials (FVS) than by adopting 1D instead of 3D stent models. Nevertheless, the differences showed are acceptable compared to those achieved by considering different stent initial positions. Regarding computational costs, simulations involving 1D stent features are the only ones feasible in clinical context.