翅果油树叶面积和叶重的预测模型

数学模型对于非破坏性地研究和预测植物的生长状况非常方便有效。以山西省翅果油树自然保护区翅果油树（Elaeagnus moles）叶片为研究对象,利用简单易测的叶长（L）、叶宽（w）和叶绿素含量（SPAD）及其不同的组合作为模型拟合参数,建立了关于叶面积（LA）、叶饱和鲜重（SFW）和叶干重（DW）的预测模型共10个,选择拟合度最好的模型作为LA、SFW和DW的预测模型,这3个模型分别为：LA=3．647＋0．383LW＋0．001LWS（R=0．968）,SFW=-0．464＋0．081L＋0．00008LV／S（R=0．963）,DW=-0．094＋0．032W＋0．0001LS（R=0．960）,并用实测值对模型进行了验证,结果表明LA、SFW和DW的预测值与实测值分别达到了高度一致,能够用于对实际未知叶片LA、SFW和DW的预测。     

Anthocyanin pigments in Callistephus chinensis

Identification of the anthocyanin pigments in the flowers of six genotypes of Callistephus chinensis has confirmed that a series of multiple alleles, R, r′ and r are responsible for the production of delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin derivatives respectively. However, mixtures of anthocyanidin types were present in all genotypes. In the presence of gene M, mainly 3,5-diglycosides were found; in recessive genotypes (mm) there were only 3-mono-glucosides. Unstable acylated derivatives of these pigments were also present.     

翠菊的组织培养

1　植物名称　翠菊 (Callistephuschinensis)。2　材料类别　幼嫩茎段。3　培养条件　基本培养基为MS。 ( 1 )愈伤组织诱导培养基 :MS + 6 BA 1 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .2 ;( 2 )分化培养基 :MS + 6 BA 2 .0 +NAA0 .1 ;( 3)生根培养基 :MS +NAA 0 .1。上述培养基均添加 3%蔗糖、0 .65 %琼脂 ,pH 5 .8。培养温度2 5～ 30℃ ,光照度 30 0 0lx ,光照时间 1 2h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　初代培养　翠菊种子田间播种 ,1个月后取旺盛生长植株的幼嫩茎段 ,用自来水冲洗 30min ,在超净工作台上 ,用 70 %的乙醇浸泡 30s,再用…     

Growth and Dry-weight Distribution in Callistephus chinensis as Influenced by Lighting Treatment

Plants of two cultivars of Callistephus chinensis (Queen ofthe Market and Johannistag) were grown in 8 h of daylight perday with one of the following treatments given during the 16h dark period: (a) darkness—‘uninterrupted night’,(b) I h of light in the middle of the dark period—a ‘nightbreak’, (c) I min of light in every hour of the dark period—‘cycliclighting’, (d) light throughout—‘continuouslight’. The plants receiving uninterrupted dark periods remained compactand rosetted in habit with small leaves, while leaf expansion,stem extension, and flower initiation were promoted in all threeillumination treatments (b, c, d). Although these three treatmentsproduced similar increases in leaf area, continuous light wasthe most effective for the promotion of both stem growth andflower initiation while cyclic lighting was generally more effectivethan a I-h night break. Continuous light also caused more dry matter to be divertedto stems at any given vegetative dry weight and it was shownthat the stem weight ratio of both varieties was correlatedwith stem length.     

CO2激光对茄子幼苗子叶干重及叶面积增长的数学模拟

采用功率密度为825mw/cm^2的CO2激光对茄子干种子进行10s,13s,15s的辐照处理,0s为对照组,然后播种于基质为土的苗盘中,每个处理200粒种子,三次重复,随机排列,出苗10天开始测定不同处理的子叶干重、子叶面积的变化,然后应用多项式回归进行数学模型,探讨了激光处理对子叶生长的影响及子叶生长规律。     

Genetic control of chalcone-flavanone isomerase activity in Callistephus chinensis

A mutant blocked in anthocyanin synthesis leads to an accumulation of 4,2,4,6-tetrahydroxy-chalcone-2-glucoside (isosalipurposide) in blossoms of Callistephus chinesis (L.) Nees, whereas in geno-types with the wild-type allele, higher oxidized flavonoids and anthocyanins are synthesized. Measurements of chalcone-flavanone isomerase activity of 18 lines of Callistephus chinensis showed a clear correlation between accumulation of chalcone in the recessive genotypes (ch ch) and deficiency of this enzyme activity. Both the chemogenetic and the enzymologic evidence lead to the following conclusions: 1. The first product of the synthesis of the flavonoid skeleton should be tetrahydroxychalcone.-2. The chalcone-flavanone isomerase catalyzes the formation of flavanone from chalcone in a stereospecific way and there-with furnishes the substrate for the further reactions in the flavonoid biosynthesis.Abbreviations EGME ethylene glycol monomethyl ether - HOAc acetic acid - MeOH methanol - PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone - TBA tert. butanol-acetic acid-water, 3:1:1 - TLC thin-layer chromatography     

Phytochrome Effects in Night-break Illuminations on Flowering of Chrysanthemum

The inhibition of flowering in chrysanthemum by cyclic or continuous illuminations in the middle of the night was studied with mixed red/far red (incandescent) and pure red light at different intensities. Although cyclic lighting greatly enhanced the flower-inhibitory capacity of mixed red/far red light, no such effect was obtained with pure red light. It is argued that the “dark reversion” hypothesis is not adequate to explain the differential effectiveness of cyclic lighting. A possible mechanism is suggested by which mixed red/far red light may produce more P_fr by interrupted than by uninterrupted illuminations. Contribution from The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet-Dagan, Israel. 1970 Series No. 1826-E.     

回归方程法测定紫荆叶面积的比较研究

以紫荆成熟叶片为材料,建立起紫荆的叶面积与其叶长、叶宽、以及叶长×叶宽之间的和幂函数、指数函数、线性回归方程。结果表明,叶长与叶面积、叶宽与叶面积、叶长宽积与叶面积的幂函数、指数函数、线性函数均呈正相关关系。9个回归方程均可用于测算紫荆的叶面积,其中以叶长宽积和叶面积的线性方程测算结果更为精确。     

Anthocyanin synthesis in tissue cultures of Callistephus chinensis (China aster)

Callus cultures were derived from stems and leaves of 3 anthocyanin producing and 3 acyanic lines of Callistephus chinensis (Compositae). The tissue cultures of the cyanic lines were shown to produce cyanidin whereas in the calli of the acyanic lines no anthocyanin synthesis occurred Culture conditions were improved in order to enhance both anthocyanin production and growth of the tissue cultures.Abbreviations IAA indoleacetic acid - NAA naphtaleneacetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - MS-medium Murashige and Skoog medium     

Some Effects of Competition and Density of Plants on Dry Weight Produced

Plant weights were compared for different levels of shoot density,root density, shoot interaction and root interaction. Also,the effects of these treatments on the shoot—root ratiowere studied. Plant weight increased with decreases in shootand root density. Generally, plants grown with shoots or rootsintermingled with those of adjacent plants had greater weightthan those grown with shoots or roots separated. Competitionwas detected only at the highest shoot density where adjacentplants with isolated roots had greater weight than adjacentplants with intermingled roots. This is hypothesized to be aphytotoxic effect due to shoot confinement. No effects of densityor intermingling on the shoot-root ratio were evident.     

Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Centaurea cyanus,Senecio x hybridus and Callistephus chinensis

Protoplasts were isolated from leaves of glasshouse-grown plants of Centaurea cyanus and axenic shoot cultures of Senecio x hybridus. Upon culture, using modified MS-based media, protoplasts of both systems entered division to produce callus, followed by plant regeneration. Leaf protoplasts of Callistephus chinensis entered sustained division only following the preconditioning for 24h of peeled leaf tissues on agar-solidified MS-based medium. Protoplasts were also isolated from cell suspensions of C. chinensis and divided in MS-based or KM media. However, only leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Callistephus produced callus, which developed shoots.The establishment of protoplast-to-plant protocols for these ornamental species has provided a basis for broadening their gene pools through somatic hybridisation.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) - KM Kao and Michayluk (1975) - g.f.wt. gram fresh weight     

Some Effects of Light Intensity and Temperature on Dry Weight and Shoot Growth of Grape-Vine

Prerooted cuttings of grape-vine (Vitis vinifera L., cultivarMuscat Gordo Blanco, syn. Muscat of Alexandria) were grown ingrowth cabinets for 13 weeks after bud-burst. Environmentalconditions were light intensities of 3600 foot candles (f.c.),18oo f.c., and 9oo f.c. in all combinations with temperaturesof 30 ?C day/25 ?C night, 25 ?C/20 ?C, and 20 ?C/15 ?C. Daylengthwith both fluorescent and incandescent lighting was 16 h with8-h nights. Measurements of main and lateral shoot lengths,leaf numbers, and leaf areas were made at weekly intervals for9 weeks. At 13 weeks the plants were harvested and dry weightsof roots, parent canes, stems, and leaves measured. Dry weights increased with increasing light intensity and weregreaert at 25 ?C than at 20 ?C or 30 ?C. The new shoot: rootratio remained at approximately 7.o under all conditions, butincreasingly more dry weight was in leaves and correspondinglyless in stems with increased temperature. Stem lengths and leafarea values were in most cases greatest at 25 ?C followed inturn by 30 ?C and 20 ?C values. Light intensity had no cleareffect. Apical dominance increased with increasing temperature.Internode length was stable under all conditions. The erraticgrowth of lateral shoots was one factor making the results difficultto interpret.     

Interrelations of Flowering and Vegetative Growth in Callistephus chinensis (var. Queen of the Market)

In a study of the effect of photoperiod upon the growth andflowering of Calistephus chinensis (var. Queen of the Market)it has been shown that a one-hour night break of low intensityred light given to plants growing in eight hours daylight canhave a number of morphogenetic effects. In the young plant, such a treatment increased the total areaof the leaf surface and the area per unit weight of leaf material,i.e. the specific leaf area. This effect enabled the treatedplants to make greater use of the incident light, for afternine weeks they were at least 25 per cent heavier than comparableplants which had not had the benefit of the night-break treatment.This treatment also caused flower induction and concomitantstem extension, but transfer back into eight-hour days afteran inductive period accelerated further flower development andrestricted stem extension of both the main axis and the laterals.If flower development was delayed by continuing night breaksor by delaying the onset of induction then more flowers wereeventually formed, but in the very prolific treatments flowersize was reduced. The experiment also indicated that the partition of availabledry weight between leaves, stems, and roots followed a definitepattern dependent only upon total plant dry weight. The diversionof dry weight into flowers was strongly accelerated by transferinto eight-hour days after induction but the remaining dry matterstill appeared to be distributed between the vegetative partsalong the general pattern determined by total vegetative weight. Finally the experiment showed that a wide range of plant formsbearing varying amounts of flowers could be obtained by appropriatetransfers between treatments.     

Water Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 2. Effects on Leaf Cells and Leaf Area

Three water stress treatments were applied at early, mid andlate stages of vegetative development in sunflower. The effectsof these stresses on leaf area, cell frequency, number of cellsper leaf and palisade cell area were examined. Final leaf area was reduced in all stress treatments. The largestreduction occurred in leaves that were unfolding or about tounfold at the commencement of stress. At full expansion of theseleaves cell frequency had increased, cell number had decreasedand cell area had decreased. These results help to explain theeffects of stress on final leaf area, especially the reducedarea of the lower leaves that are most sensitive to water stress. Helianthus annuus L., sunflower, water stress, node number, leaf area     

The Effects of Foliar Applications of (2-Chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium Chloride on Leaf Area and Dry Matter Production by the Brussels Sprout Plant

When CCC was applied as a spray to the leaves of Brassica oleraceaL. (Brussels sprout) grown in pots, plant height and mean internodelength were reduced. The effects appeared more slowly and wereless pronounced than those previously observed when CCC hadbeen applied to the soil; other differences were that root growthwas not inhibited, stem weight was only significantly reducedat the highest rate of application (2 per cent), and stomatalnumber per unit area of lower leaf epidermis was not affected.In common with soil applications, leaf thickness, stem diameter,and the percentage moisture contents of the leaves were allincreased by foliar applications.In a further experiment theprogress of wilting was observed in untreated plants and inplants treated with CCC applied either to the leaves or to thesoil. The rates of water loss and the moisture contents of theleaf laminae of the treated plants, after a period of wilting,were not significantly different from the controls. The treatedplants, however, looked less ‘wilted‘ for the changein angle of the leaf lamina to the stem was less and their leaveswere therefore held more upright.     

干旱与渍涝对砂姜黑土玉米根系干重变化及其分布的影响

砂姜黑土主要分布于黄淮海平原的南部(淮北平原、沂河平原和胶莱平原等)和南阳盆地,面积约4×106ｈａ,其中河南省125×106ｈａ[1],是面积较大的中低产田。其低产的主要原因可归结为“旱、涝、僵、薄”,根本原因在于其不良的水分物理特性[2～4]。而关于旱、涝灾害对作物根系的影响还未见报道。砂姜黑土区地势平坦,土层深厚,光、热、水等自然资源比较丰富,具有适宜作物生长发育的有利条件。因而,充分了解和掌握旱、涝灾害对作物根系的影响,因时制宜灌溉、排涝和耕作,对提高该区粮食产量具有重要意义。为此,于1997～1998年探讨了干旱与渍涝对砂…     

Leaf Area and Absolute Leaf Water Content

Leaf area was found to be an almost linear function of absoluteleaf water content (that is fresh weight—dry weight) forseveral dicotyledonous genotypes. A closely similar relationshipheld for a given genotype in the same rooting medium despiteincreasing plant size and different treatments which resultedin leaves which were sometimes morphologically dissimilar andoften substantially different in specific leaf water contents(water/dry matter). The usefulness of the linear relationshipfor estimating leaf area in growth studies is noted.     

14个荔枝品种的叶片性状分析

以东莞现栽14个荔枝品种为研究对象,对其比叶面积、叶干物质含量和叶片SPAD值等特征进行研究。结果表明,果皮龟裂片尖突、平坦、隆起等3种类型中,尖突类型的3个荔枝品种的比叶面积显著大于平坦类型的2个品种;隆起类型的9个荔枝品种的比叶面积大小不一,其中5个品种的比叶面积大于平坦类型的‘黑叶’品种,另外4个品种的比叶面积小于‘黑叶’。14个荔枝品种中,除了‘黑叶’外,其余13个品种的比叶面积和叶干物质含量均呈负相关关系;‘水晶球’和‘大丁香’的比叶面积和叶片SPAD值间呈正相关关系,其余12个品种的比叶面积和叶片SPAD值间均为负相关关系。     

磷甘霉素和洛伐它汀处理对中国红豆杉悬浮培养细胞生物合成紫杉醇的影响

采用非甲羟戊酸途径抑制剂磷甘霉素和甲羟戊酸途径抑制剂洛伐它汀对中国红豆杉悬浮细胞培养物进行处理.在添加和未添加茉莉酸甲酯诱导的情况下,前者使紫杉醇产量减少了2/5和1/5,后者使紫杉醇产量减少了1/6和1/10,表明两种途径对紫杉醇的生物合成都具有贡献,其中非甲羟戊酸途径贡献较大;通过定量PCR技术分别检测两条途径的关键酶5-磷酸脱氧木酮糖还原异构酶(DXR)和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)mRNA水平的变化,发现两种抑制剂都能够激活hmgr和dxr的转录,表明两种代谢途径之间存在协同作用,共同为紫杉醇的生物合成提供前体.