Theropod and possible ornithopod track assemblages from the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary Houcheng Formation,Shangyi, northern Hebei,China

Dinosaur track assemblages from the Houcheng Formation in the small continental Shangyi Basin of northern Hebei Province, China bridge a gap in the record of vertebrates from this unit and enrich our knowledge of ichnofaunas from the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. Their stratigraphic position between the Middle Jurassic Yan-Liao Biota and the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota gives them a special importance. New discoveries allow a re-assessment of theropod and possible ornithopod tracks that are present with several trackways. Seventy-three footprints were examined and documented. Despite their smaller size, the tridactyl mesaxonic theropod tracks show morphological similarities with the ichnogenus Therangospodus known from the Upper Jurassic deposits of North America, Europe, and Central Asia. The possible ornithopod tracks lack an associated manus imprint, suggesting a bipedal trackmaker. These possible ornithopod tracks from the Houcheng Formation provide evidence for the presence of small basal ornithopods or basal Cerapoda in the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous in this region. The depositional environment was the margin of an extensive shallow lake with fluctuating water levels under seasonally dry climate.     

A Diverse Dinosaur-Bird Footprint Assemblage from the Lance Formation,Upper Cretaceous,Eastern Wyoming: Implications for Ichnotaxonomy

A diverse assemblage of dinosaur and bird tracks from Niobrara County, Wyoming, represents the first vertebrate ichnofauna reported from the bone-rich Lance Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous). The ichnofauna includes a hadrosaur track with skin impressions; three theropod track types, including the tetradactyl track Saurexallopus zerbsti (ichnosp. nov.); a tridactyl dinosaur footprint with a fusiform digit III; possible Tyrannosaurus tracks; four distinctive avian ichnites; and invertebrate traces. The footprints are generally well-preserved and so offer a unique insight into the ecology of a small river valley during the Maastrichtian.

Saurexallopus zerbsti ichnosp. nov. from the Lance is similar to Saurexallopus lovei recently reported from the Maastrichtian, Harebell Formation, of northwestern Wyoming, but is represented by much better material, facilitating amendment of the ichnogenus. Skeletal equivalents for Saurexallopus are not currently known. Similarly, the tridactyl track with fusiform digit III is similar to footprints reported from the coeval Laramie Formation of Colorado and may also be similar to ichnogenus Ornithomimipus from the Edmonton Group of Alberta (though not necessarily of ornithomimid affinity). The hadrosaurian track with the skin impression is reminiscent of a similar ichnite reported from the Maastrichtian, St. Mary River Formation in Alberta, which is herein named Hadrosauropodus langstoni as part of a reassessment of Cretaceous ornithopod track ichnotaxonomy. Such correlations demonstrate the utility of tracks for local or regional biostratigraphy (palichnostratigraphy) in western North America. It is also clear that tracks add to our knowledge of the composition and distribution of dinosaurian and avian components of Maastrichtian faunas. In particular the bird tracks indicate a diversity of at least four species, one of which was a semi-palmate form, hitherto unknown in the ichnological record and named Sarjeantichnus semipalmatus.     

中国东北部那丹哈达地体T-J界线地层中的放射虫生物组合

本研究系统描述了中国东北那丹哈达地体中三叠系顶部和侏罗系下部的放射虫动物群及其系统分类,包括5个放射虫生物群,建立了一个新属,10个新种,并报道了121个种级分类单元。通过与加拿大和日本的相关动物群进行比较研究,我们确定了所描述的放射虫生物群的年代归属分别为:晚三叠世诺利(Norian)晚期至瑞替(Rhaetian)早期,辛涅缪尔(Sinemurian)早、中期。     

Book Reviews

In the Wake of the Whale by John A. Barbour, Crowell-Collier Press, 866 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022. 102 pages. $3.95.

All About Telescopes by Sam Brown. Edmund Scientific Co., 380 Edscorp Bldg., Barrington, N.J. 08007, 192 pages.

How Animals Learn by Russell Freedman and James E. Morriss, Holiday House, Inc., New York, New York, 159 pages, $3.95.

When Insects are Babies, by Gladys Conklin, pictures by Artur Marokvia, Holiday House, New York, 36 pages, $4.50.

The Technology of Computer Music by M. V. Mathews et al., M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 188 pages, $12.50.

Investigations in Earth Science by Gregory W. Beckway and Earl Young. Daniel L. Jones, Consultant. Hubbard Scientific Company, 2855 Shermer Rd., Northbrook, Illinois, 60062. 96 pages, $3.50.

Discovering what Earthworms Do by Seymour Simon, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1969. 47 pages.

Matter, Life, and Energy by W. B. Herron and N. P. Palmer, Lyons and Carnahan, 407 East 25th Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60616. 1967. 616 pages.

The Desert (Young Readers Edition) by A. Starker Leopold and the Editors of TIME-LIFE BOOKS, Time-Life Building, Rockefeller Center, New York, N.Y. 10020, 1967, 128 pp. $3.95.

Physics by Samuel A. Marantz, Benziger Brothers, Inc., New York, 1969. 772 pages.     

Book Reviews

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) derived from aquatic and terrestrial vascular plants provide a major energy and nutrient source for freshwater and coastal marine biota. The bioavailability of this material may to a large extent depend on plant species. In this study, we have compared the bioavailability of DOC and DON sampled in two distinct stands of Typha domingensisand Eleocharis mutatain a coastal tropical lake and in the adjacent ocean in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bioavailability of organic matter was assessed by regrowth bioassays using natural bacterial inocula. Nutrients were added to achieve carbon or nitrogen limitation. At all sampling sites, DON comprised over 95% of the total bioavailable nitrogen, suggesting its dominant role as a nitrogen source. The bioavailability of lacustrine DON (22% in the Typhastand and 34% in the Eleocharisstand) exceeded the bioavailability of DOC (8 and 10%, respectively) and exhibited a larger difference between the stands. ³H-leucine incorporation studies showed that lake bacterioplankton had a well balanced supply of C, N and P. Therefore, an accumulation of labile DON due to an excess nitrogen supply is not probable. We propose that a substantial part of the lake DON was newly formed within the macrophyte stands, while DOC was predominantly of terrestrial origin and more diagenetically changed.     

Book Reviews

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Structure and Function (NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 3) Edited by A. MAELICKE Springer-Verlag, Berlin

The Chemical Basis of Radiation Biology C. Von Sonntag Taylor & Francis

Advances in Free Radicals in Disease Corongiu, F.P., Tomasi, A. and Vannini

Modern Biological Theories of Aging Aging Series Vol. 31. WARNER, H.R., BUTLER, R.N., SPROTT, R.L. and SCHNEIDER     

Book Reviews

A DEPARTMENT DEVOTED TO ABSTRACTS OF BOOKS AND PAPERS FROM OTHER JOURNALS DEALING WITH STAINS AND MICROSCOPIC TECHNIC IN GENERAL

CONN, H. J., DARROW, MARY A., and EMMEL, VICTOR M. Staining Procedures, 2nd Ed. 289 pages, 9 × 6 inches, perforated; spiral plastic binding, with cardbooard covers. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore 2, Maryland. $5.00. 1960.

GURR, EDWARD. Encyclopaedia of Microscopic Stains. 498 pages, 10 × 6 inches. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore 2, Maryland, exclusive U. S. agents. $18.50. 1960.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AMELUNXEN, F., and THEMANN, H. Zur Fixation mit Kaliumpermanganat. Mikroscopie, 14, 276-83. 1960.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY MIGNANI, G., MARCHETTI, P. G., and HUSSL, B. Die Anwendung der mikroradiographischen Technik zum Studium des Knochengewebes. Mikroskopie, 14, 131-43. 1959.

DYES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL USES KAUFMAN, L., and WEAVER, R. H. Use of neutral red fluorescence for the identification of colonies of Clostridia. J. Bact., 79, 292-4. 1960.

ANIMAL MICROTECHNIC LOUIS, C. J., and WHITE, J. Fluorescein-globulin staining of cells in tissue cultures. Lab. Invest., 9, 273-82. 1960.

McFARLANE, J. E., and KENNARD, C. P. Further observations on water absorption by the eggs of Acheta domesticus (L). Canad. J. Zool., 38, 77-85. 1960.

PROVENZA, D. V., and CHENG, T. C. A simplified parlodion method for sectioning teeth; with notes on the decalcification of teeth. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., 79, 103-4. 1960.

PLANT MICROTECHNIC DEVIDÉ, Z., and WRISCHER, M., Versuche über gasblasenfreie Plexiglas Einbettung von pflanzlichen Objecten für Ultramikrotomie. Mikroskopie, 14, 337-42. 1960.

MICROORGANISMS BORZANI, W. Measurement of gram-positiveness. J. Bact., 79, 431-3. 1960.

DEIBEL, R. H., and EVANS, J. B. Modified benzidine test for the detection of cytochrome-containing respiratory systems in microorganisms. J. Bact., 79, 356-60. 1960.

SAHAB, K. Method for demonstrating capsules of enterobacteriaceae. J. Bact., 79, 198-202. 1960.

WEIBULL, C. Counting procedures for phase contrast microscopy. J. Bact., 79, 155. 1960.

HISTOCHEMISTRY BAKER, J. R. II, HEW, H., and FISHMAN, W. H. The use of chloral hydrate formaldehyde fixative solution in enzyme histochemistry. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 6, 244-50. 1958.

FISCHER, R., and ZALESCHUK, J. A semi-micro method for the determination of crystal violet sorbed to biological material. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 6, 237-43. 1958.

TAKEUCHI, T. Histochemical demonstration of branching enzyme (amylo-1,4 £ 1,6-transglucosidase), in animal tissues. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 6, 208-16. 1958.

ZUGIBE, F. T., KOPACZYK, K. C., CAPE, W. E., and LAST, J. H. A new Carbowax method for routinely performing lipid, hematoxylin and eosin and elastic staining techniques on adjacent freeze-dried or formalin-fixed sections. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 6, 133-8. 1958.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

A study of the attitudes and actions of 281 dog owners towards neutering their animals is reported from New Providence, The Bahamas. Owner attitudes towards neutering are associated with different sterilization rates of dogs. While owners' gender is associated with differences in attitudes, these differences are not necessarily associated with owner behavior with respect to neutering their animals. Men, more than women, want to have animals for long-term breeding. No evidence is found to support the belief that men are less likely to neuter their dogs than women, but younger owners are less likely than older owners to neuter their dogs. A comparison with a study from Australia suggests that Bahamians are more likely to project human traits on to their animals and so appear more reluctant to have their dogs neutered.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

A new genus, Picobryum (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta), including one new species, Picobryum atomicum, is described from the western Cape Province of South Africa. The new taxon is somewhat similar to Syntrichia gametophytically but differs in the trait combination: stem very short, central strand absent; leaves strongly reflexed to squarrose when moist, usually folded longitudinally on one side, bases sheathing, margins plane throughout, irregularly and weakly bordered in 1(–2) rows with somewhat thick-walled, less papillose cells; papillae large, simple to bifid, 1–2 per lumen; paroicous; seta essentially absent; capsule cleistocarpic, globose, and short-apiculate; calyptra mitrate. Locality data for the type of Acaulonopsis fynbosensis R.H.Zander &; Hedd. are corrected in an erratum.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Allen Buchanan, Dan, W. Brock, Norman Daniels, and Daniel Wikler, From Chance to Choice – Genetics and Justice
Ruth Macklin, Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search for Ethical Universals in Medicine
Christian Munthe, Pure Selection: The Ethics of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Choosing Children without Abortion     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
[Collected Papers in] Analytical Psychology . C. G. J ung . Authorized Translation edited by Dr. C onstance E. L ong
The Psychology of the Unconscious [Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido]. C. G. J ung . Translated by Dr. B eatrice M. H inkle     

Book Reviews

Antioxidants in Disease Mechanisms and Therapy Helmut Sies, Volume Editor Advances in Pharmacology Series

Present Knowledge in Nutrition (Seventh Edition) Ed E.E. Zeigler and L.J. Filer jr

Cytokines Produced by Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils: Molecular and Biological Aspects Cassatella

Tamoxifen: Beyond the Antiestrogen Edited by J.A. KELLEN     

Book Reviews

Siegfried, W.R., Condy, P.R. & Laws, R.M. (Eds.) (1985) Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs.
Pitcher, T.J. (Ed.) (1986) The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes.
Anderson, F. & Olsson, B. (Eds.) Lake Gårdsjön: an acid forest lake and its catchment.     

Book Reviews

Lee, R. E. (1990) Phycology , 2nd edn.
Gray, J. (Ed.) (1990) Paleolimnology: Aspects of Freshwater Palaeoecology and Biogeography .