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Summary Hydrogenase was shown to be present in the green algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa (two different Emerson strains), Chlorella vulgaris (Pratt strain), Coelastrum proboscideum var. dilatatum, and Selenastrum gracile. In three of the algae studied, maximum activity of hydrogenase is reached after about 4 hours of anaerobiosis. The adaptation of the other two strains, however, requires about 12 and 30 hours respectively. By contrast, Chlorella ellipsoidea (strain Marburg St), Hormidium flaccidum, and Stichococcus bacillaris do not develop hydrogenase activity during up to 100 hours of anaerobic incubation.  相似文献   

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Dr. Erich Kessler 《Planta》1957,49(5):505-523
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 5 TextabbildungenDiese Arbeit wurde in den Research Institutes (Fels Fund) der University of Chicago durchgeführt. Der National Academy of Sciences und der International Cooperation Administration danke ich für die Gewährung eines Forschungs-Stipendiums, Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Gaffron für mannigfache Anregungen und Diskussionen.  相似文献   

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Summary O2-uptake and CO2-release by a chlorophyll-free, carotenoid-containing mutant of Chlorella vulgaris increase on addition of Na-glycolate by factors of 4–5 and 5–6, respectively (Fig. 1). In an enzyme preparation of that alga (sonification, centrifugation, precipitation with 0–30% (NH4)2SO4, dialysis) activity of glycolate oxidase can be demonstrated by O2-uptake (Fig. 2a) as well as by reduction of the artificial electron acceptor DCPIP (Fig. 2b). The same holds true for whole cells as well as equally prepared enzyme preparations of heterotrophically or autotrophically grown wildtype Chlorella vulgaris, provided the cells are cracked by a French press instead of a sonicator (Figs. 3a-c and 4a-c). Glyoxylate is the main reaction product (Table). Oxidation of exogenous glycolate is rapidly performed by whole cells of Scenedesmus quadricauda and of Ankistrodesmus convolutus, too, but hardly or not at all by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Ankistrodesmus braunii. No definite influence of the level of CO2 applied during growth is found: Chlorella vulgaris and Ankistrodesmus convolutus show a rapid oxidation of glycolate after growth under 0,03 and 1,5% CO2 in air, whereas Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Ankistrodesmus braunii do not show an enhanced O2-uptake on addition of glycolate after either condition (Fig. 5). Various developmental stages of Chlorella pyrenoidosa respond differently to addition of glycolate, the extra O2-consumption varying between about 25% (mature cells) and 50–60% (young cells) of the endogenous rate (Fig. 6). It thus appears that species of unicellular green algae within the same genus have strong or weak glycolate oxidase activity and that several external factors have only a modifying effect on that enzyme.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Die einzelligen Grünalgen Chlorella fusca und Scenedesmus acutus enthalten 10–11 Hauptamine, wovon die folgenden Verbindungen mit Hilfe dünnschichtchromatographischer Methoden identifiziert wurden: Äthanolamin, Methylamin, Dimethylamin, Putrescin und Spermidin. Cadaverin und Spermin fehlten. Der Spermidingehalt der beiden Algen wurde in seiner Abhängigkeit von Kulturalter, Kulturtemperatur, Lichtintensität und der N-Quelle des Nährmediums untersucht. Der mittlere Spermidingehalt bei 30°C kultivierter Algen lag bei 1,9 mg/g Trockenmasse (minimal 0,29 mg/g, maximal 2,24 mg/g). Mit abnehmender Kulturtemperatur und mit zunehmendem Kulturalter sank der Spermidingehalt der Zellen. Beim Einsatz von KNO3 oder (NH4)2SO4 als Stickstoffquelle war der Spermidingehalt signifikant höher als bei Verwendung von Harnstoff. Die Lichtintensität hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Höhe des Spermidingehalts der Algen.
Amines in unicellular green algae1. Spermidine content of Scenedesmus acutus (276-3a) and Chlorella fusca (211-8b)
Summary From the 10 to 11 major amines which could be distinguished in the unicellular green algae Chlorella fusca and Scenedesmus acutus, by thin-layer chromatography, the following compounds were identified: Aethanolamine, methylamine, dimethylamine, putrescine and spermidine. Cadaverine and spermine were lacking. The spermidine content of both of the algae was quantitatively determined, and its dependence on age, temperature, light intensity and source of nitrogen was tested. The average spermidine content in algae cultivated at 30°C was 1.9 mg/g dry weight (minimum 0.29 mg/g, maximum 2.24 mg/g). The spermidine content decreased with decreasing temperature as well as with increasing age. With KNO3 or (NH4)2SO4 as the source of nitrogen, the spermidine content was significantly higher as compared to algae grown in urea. Light intensity had no effect on the spermidine content.
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Anton Hofmann 《Planta》1971,102(1):72-84
Summary Inhibitors and uncouplers of phosphorylation, i.e., arsenate, 2.4-dinitrophenol (DNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), inhibit the assimilation of nitrite by the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii in the dark and in the light. In a medium containing nitrate, these inhibitors interrupt nitrate reduction at the level of nitrite. In phosphatedeficient algae, the assimilation of nitrite can be decreased by a concomitant, energy-dependent uptake of chloride and phosphate ions. These results support the assumption that high-energy phosphate is required for the assimilation of nitrite.CO2 and glucose (after pre-illumination) increase nitrite assimilation in the light. Photosynthetic nitrite reduction is inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), an inhibitor of oxygen evolution, and by disalicylidene-propanediamine-(1,3) (DSPD), an inhibitor of the photosynthetic reduction of ferredoxin.
Abkürzungen CCCP Carbonylcyanid-m-chlorphenylhydrazon - DCMU 3-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1,1-dimethylharnstoff - DNP 2,4-Dinitrophenol - DSPD Disalicylidenpropandiamin-(1,3) - PCP Pentachlorphenol - JAA Jodacetamid  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Unter extremen Bedingungen, z. B. bei starkem Austrocknen und bei UV-Bestrahlung der Stammkulturen, entstehen bei der chlorococcalen Grünalge Selenastrum gracile (Stamm 278-2) Formen, die im Gegensatz zum Ausgangsstamm bei Stickstoffmangel keine Sekundär-Carotinoide (hier Astaxanthinester, Canthaxanthin) mehr synthetisieren können. Nach 10–12 Passagen auf neues Nährmedium wird der Verlust dieser Fähigkeit wieder ausgeglichen, und die Formen entsprechen dem Ausgangsstamm. Im Gegensatz dazu können die bei Chlorella fusca (Stamm 211–8b) induzierten Formen, die ebenfalls bei Stickstoffmangel keine Sekundär-Carotinoide bilden, auch nach 20 Passagen nicht zum Ausgangsstamm revertieren.
Studies on the importance of the biosynthesis of secondary carotenoids as a taxonomic character in green algae
Summary Under certain extreme conditions, i.e. desiccation and UV-irradiation, cells of the green chlorococcalean alga Selenastrum gracile (strain 278-2), which normally produce secondary carotenoids (esters of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin) under nitrogen-deficient conditions, will be changed to forms which are not able to biosynthesize such polyenes. The loss of this taxonomic character will recover after 10–12 transfers in fresh culture medium. In contrast, forms of Chlorella fusca (strain 211–8b) obtained as above do not revert to the wild type producing secondary carotenoids, not even after 20 transfers.
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Zusammenfassung Einzellige Grünalgen der Gattung Chlorella bilden ätherische Öle. Die in einem Teil dieser Öle vorkommenden Guajanolide (Proazulene) haben sich als brauchbares taxonomisches Merkmal erwiesen. Einzelne Arten bilden größenordnungsmäßig ebenso viel ätherisches Öl wie höhere Pflanzen.
On the essential oil of green algaeI. The oils of the genus Chlorella
Unicellular green algae of the genus Chlorella are able to synthesize essential oils. Some guajanolides (i.e., proazulenes) were shown to be its main components. Certain species produce as much oil as do higher plants. Formation of essential oils can serve as a taxonomic character in the genus Chlorella.
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Zusammenfassung Das ätherische Öl der Gattung Chlorella erweist sich als taxonomisch besonders wertvolles Merkmal, weil es ähnlic wie das enzym Hydrogenase gegenüber Mutation weitgehend stabil ist. Die 21 Mutanten von C. fusca C-1.1.10 bilden sämtlich ätherische Öle, aber nur wenige Proazulene. 2 Mutanten von C. kessleri C-1.1.12 bilden ebenso wie der Wildstamm ätherisches Öl und Proazulene.
On the essential oil of green algaeIII. The oils of some Chlorella mutants
The stability against mutation of essential oil formation in the genus Chlorella is similar to that of hydrogenase. Both characters are therefore of special value in Chlorella taxonomy. All the 21 mutants of C. fusca C-1.1.10 produce essential oils, but only a few of them produce proazulenes. Two mutants of C. kessleri C-1.1.12 produce essential oils and proazulenes like the wild type.
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Zusammenfassung Das ätherische Öl und seine Hauptkomponenten (Proazulene) erwiesen sich auch bei den Gattungen Ankistrodesmus und Scenedesmus als brauchbare taxonomische Merkmale. Der Ölgehalt licgt in der gleichen Größenordnung wie innerhalb der Gattung Chlorella. Einige Ankistrodesmus-Stämme, die keine Proazulene bilden, müssen offensichtlich anderen Gattungen zugeordnet werden.
On the essential oil of green algaeII. The oils of the genera Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus
The essential oil and its main components (i.e., proazulenes) are useful taxonomic characters also in the genera Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus. The amounts of oil in these genera are similar to that of the genus Chlorella. A few strains of Ankistrodesmus, which are unable to synthesize proazulenes, seem to belong to other genera.
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Ohne ZusammenfassungAuszug aus einer von der Fakultät für Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau der Technischen Hochschule München genehmigten Dissertation gleichen Titels.  相似文献   

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