四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究

长吻鮠精巢高度分支呈指状。后1/3紫红色,由上皮细胞组成,既不产生精子,也不贮存精子。精巢的内部结构为叶型,由体细胞和生殖细胞构成,小叶的基本单位是小囊。精子头短而圆,主要为核占据,无顶体,核凹窝十分发达,有中心粒帽;尾极长,具侧鳍,轴丝基部有发达的囊泡状结构和线粒体。     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

短柄五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子体发育的研究

短柄五加花药５枚,每个花药四个花粉囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体形的四分体。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层四层细胞组成,其发育类型为双子叶型。腺质绒毡层,其细胞为二核。三细胞型花粉。子房５室,每室两个胚珠,上胚珠败育,下胚珠可育。下胚珠倒生,具单珠被,厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线性排列的四个大孢子,雌配子体发育属蓼型。开花当天,花粉散开,雌配子体尚未成熟,处     

四川自贡发现合川马门溪龙新材料

记述了产自四川自贡上侏罗统的一具较完整的蜥脚类恐龙骨架 ,将其归入合川马门溪龙 (Mamenchisaurushochuanensis)中。新材料的发现弥补了合川种正型标本的不足 ,对合川种的特征作了重要补充 ,同时也使我们对马门溪龙的末端尾椎形态有了新的认识。     

象牙参种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

象牙参种子解剖学和组织化学的研究结果表明, 种子包括假种皮、种皮、外胚乳、内胚乳和胚。假种皮没有完全包被种子, 由约4~5 层薄壁细胞构成。种皮可以分为外种皮、中种皮和内种皮。外种皮由1 层表皮细胞构成, 细胞壁明显增厚;中种皮包括下皮层、半透明细胞层和3~4层细胞的色素层, 下皮层和色素层细胞均充满红棕色色素;内种皮由1 层体积小、壁局部增厚的砖形薄壁细胞构成。种子在珠孔端分化出珠孔领、孔盖和种阜状结构, 珠孔领为同形型, 孔盖不具石细胞硬层。合点区内种皮出现缺口, 缺口间充满合点区色素细胞, 其整体轮廓成新月形。外胚乳可分为厚区与薄区两部分, 外胚乳细胞壁平直, 细胞内充满淀粉。内胚乳细胞主要含蛋白质, 也有少量脂类物质, 细胞界限不清楚。胚棒状, 两端略膨大, 含大量脂类物质, 也含蛋白质和多糖。     

德保苏铁茎的解剖学研究

对德保苏铁茎、叶柄的解剖构造进行观察,结果表明:(1)德保苏铁的茎由周皮、皮层、维管束、髓四部分构成。木栓层的细胞壁完全栓化;皮层大而显著,皮层细胞一般较小,富含淀粉,分布有粘液道;维管束通常较小,主要集中在皮层和髓之间的狭窄区,排列呈环形,具2生长环;少部分稀疏地散生在皮层薄壁细胞之间。(2)叶柄由表皮、绿皮层、下皮层、基本组织、维管束、髓组成。表皮细胞1层,细胞外壁角质化;绿皮细胞2层,有叶绿体;下皮层的厚壁细胞,大小不一,细胞壁强烈增厚;维管束散生,属外韧维管束,排列呈环形,内有零星分布的维管束。     

芒苞草形态学和胚胎学研究：Ⅱ.花药和胚珠发育的研究

芒苞草成熟胚珠为倒生型,薄珠心,双珠被。胎座为侧膜胎座向中轴胎座的过渡类型。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。 成熟胚囊由印器,具二极核的中央细胞及三个反足细胞组成。助细胞呈倒梨形,极性不明显,珠孔端壁有角状的丝状器。中央细胞的二极核在受精前融合为次生核。 花药具二个小孢子囊,花药壁层为单子叶型,具分泌型绒毡层,小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为连续型,四分体是左右对称式排列,成熟花粉粒为二细胞的。 在花药与胚珠发育过程中,多糖物质的消长是有规律的变化。     

茴香砂仁种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

茴香砂仁种子的假种皮膜质,由内、外表皮及其间的数层薄壁细胞构成,种皮黑褐色,由外种皮、中种皮和内种皮组成,外种皮为1层表皮细胞;中种皮由1层细胞的下皮层,1层细胞的半透明细胞层、3-4层薄壁细胞的中种皮薄壁细胞层和1层细胞的色素细胞层组成,内种皮由1层径向延长的细胞构成,内切向壁与部分径向壁非常增厚,种子珠区分化出珠孔领,孔盖和珠孔区薄壁细胞,合点区内种皮出现缺口,缺口间的合点区色素细胞群整体轮廓呈刺叭状,珠孔端的则为1层细胞,细胞内含蛋白质、多糖、脂类物质,胚含量脂类物质,还含有蛋白质与多糖。     

陕西秦岭半仓山蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensisChouetRan的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上旬为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中旬为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60 d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8 d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9 d;幼虫型,共4龄,历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8~18 d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅳ.兽脚类

建设气龙 (Gasosaurus constructus gen. et sp. nov.) 为自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群中的兽脚类—新属种.本简报对它的形态特征进行了简要的记述.     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Polygonatum Mill.

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows: 1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time. The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. 2. Polygonatum filipes Merr. Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B. The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them. Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B. Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to 8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of 2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time. 3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B. 4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom. The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time.     

糖蜜草（Melinis minutiflora Beauv．）幼穗分化发育．及花和果实形态的研究

本文对糖密草（ＭｅｌｉｎｉｓｍｉｎｕｔｉｆｌｏｒａＢｅａｕｖ．）的幼穗分化发育及花和果实的形态作了研究,将幼穗分化发育过程划分为以下九个时期：第一苞原基形成期;第一次枝梗原基形成期;第二、三次枝梗原基形成期;小穗及颖花原基形成期;雌、雄蕊原基形成期;花粉母细胞形成期;花粉母细胞减数分裂期;花粉充实期;花粉成熟期。全过程历时约需４２ｄ．从抽穗到颖果成熟约需５０ｄ。糖蜜草的花序为圆锥花序。每花序有可育花２０００—３０００朵．小穗是由小穗轴、内外颖片、不育花外稃和小花构成。小花包括有内外稃各一片、一鳞被、雄蕊三枚和一枚雌蕊,颖果千粒重为９１ｍｇ。     

27种木犀属植物叶表皮微形态特征的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了27种木犀属植物的叶表皮,测量并统计了气孔器类型、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔指数及腺点密度等指标,以明确各种的叶表皮细胞形状及垂周壁式样、表皮角质膜、蜡质纹饰及气孔外拱盖的具体特征。结果显示:木犀属植物叶下表皮有气孔器,形状为圆形、椭圆形;气孔器类型多为不规则型,只有总状桂花和狭叶木犀为环列型;气孔器外围角质层有放射状、条状、环状、颗粒状等多种类型;叶表皮细胞形状有无规则形和多边形2种;下表皮腺点的数目远远大于上表皮。研究表明,木犀属植物气孔器和叶表皮细胞特征在种之间差异比较明显,可以作为种间鉴定的重要依据,具有重要的分类学意义。     

巨龙竹生殖器官形态结构及雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片的方法对巨龙竹生殖器官结构、大小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了观察研究。 巨龙竹为一心皮组成的单室单子房,子房内具有一个胚珠,倒生、双珠被、厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊的发育为蓼型,具多个反足细胞。巨龙竹的花药壁由4层结构组成,包括表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,具1个萌发孔。小穗发育雌雄异熟,雌蕊的发育早于雄蕊的发育。     

Embryological Studies of Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.

This paper reports the studies of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, development of female and male gametophytes, fertilization, and development of embryo and endosperm, The anther wall consists of four layers, i.e. epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. Part of the tapetum cells originates from the primary parietal cells, and the other part comes from the basic tissue of the anther partition. Tapeta? cells are uninucleate or binucleate, and belong to the secretory type. Microsporocyte originates directly from the primary sporogenous cell, Cytokinesis is of the simultaneous type. Arrangement of microspores in tetrad is isobilateral. Mature pollen grain is of the 2-celled type. The ovary is tricarpellum, trilocular with many ovules. The ovule is mono-integinous, tenui-nucellar and anatropous. The embryo sac originates from the single-archesporial cell. The one chalazal megaspore in linear tetrad is the functional megaspore. The development of embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse in to a secondary nucleus and the antipodal cells degenerate. Fertilization is porogamy, fusion of one sperm with secondary nucleus is faster than that of one sperm with egg nucleus. The development of endosperm is of the cellular type. The first three divisions of endosperm ceils are regular. Two endosperm cells near the ends of chalaza and the micropyle develop into haustorium without division. The haustoria gradually degenerate at the late stage of globular embryo. The mature seeds contain abundant endosperm. The development of embryo is of the Solanad type. The suspensor consists of 12–20 cells. The optimum development of the suspensor is at the early stage of the globular embryo. It begins to degenerate after late globular stage. The embryo develops from proembryo, heartshaped embryo, dicotyledenous- to mature embryo.     

鲁南地区花生昆虫群落结构及多样性变化研究

采用马来氏网法在山东省临沂市开展了花生田昆虫系统调查(2014年6月-2015年6月),阐明当地花生田的昆虫群落结构及相关群体指数动态规律。结果表明:试验期内共获得昆虫样本65 005头,分属于14目、129科。从目级水平来看,主要花生昆虫以膜翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目和弹尾目为主;从科级水平来看,主要花生害虫有叶蝉科、夜蛾科和潜蝇科,主要天敌有花蝇科、长足虻科、金小蜂科、长蝽科和姬蜂科。该地区群落多样性指数在0.4262～3.3212之间,峰值出现在花生生长期(3.3312);相对丰度峰值出现在花生繁育期(9 956);科级丰富度峰值出现也出现在花生繁育期(83);均匀度指数在0.1137～0.7613之间,峰值出现在2014年6月(0.7613);优势集中指数在0.0172～0.2134之间,峰值出现在2014年8月(0.2134)。     

城市污泥应用于边坡植被恢复对地表水环境的影响

将城市污泥应用于生态恢复因能避开粮食作物食物链而具有良好前景,但其对地表水环境影响仍不十分清楚.本文将城市污泥与建筑垃圾按1∶1体积比混合为生长基质,覆盖在模拟的煤矸石边坡上,播种8种乡土木本植物,对生长季植物生长情况以及坡面地表水和下渗水的电导率、p H、氮磷钾、重金属、多环芳烃等含量进行分析.结果表明:坡面植物生长良好,平均覆盖度达60%;地表水和下渗水的p H值近中性,变化不大,而电导率、氮磷钾、重金属和多环芳烃含量均较高,其中,氮、磷含量在整个生长季超过国家地表水环境质量Ⅴ类水质标准;7月重金属含量最高,其中,As含量只达地表水环境质量Ⅳ~Ⅴ类标准,其余重金属含量多达Ⅱ~Ⅳ标准;随着夏季雨水淋洗增加以及植物-土壤系统对化学物质的吸收、降解和固着作用,地表水和下渗水的电导率、氮磷钾、重金属和多环芳烃含量均显著下降,生长季后期重金属含量达到地表水环境质量Ⅱ~Ⅲ类标准,多环芳烃含量减少约一半.将城市污泥直接应用在煤矸石边坡生态恢复中有利于植物生长,植物-土壤系统使得生长基质中的有害物含量逐渐降低,对地表水环境的负影响主要表现为氮、磷的富营养化,但总体上其环境安全性可控.     

日本沼虾雄性生殖系统的研究：Ⅱ.精子的形态及超微结构

运用电镜和细胞化学技术研究了日本沼虾精子的形态结构,结果表明：日本沼虾精子属无鞭毛精子,为单一棘突型,呈图钉样,由主体和棘突构成;主体部分为帽状体,精核和细胞质带。帽状体由约２０根辐射状纤丝组成,纤丝上具横纹,并汇合帽状基部,由此向后延伸形成棘突。