贵阳十大功劳染色体核型分析

<正> 十大功劳是一种药用植物,根、茎可作黄连代用品。广西植物所标本园栽培的十大功劳原认为是阔叶十大功劳(Mahonia bealei Carr.)。韦发南先生根据Ahrendt,L.W.A. 1961:Berberis and Mahonia,a taxonomic revision,Journ.Linn.Soc.Bot.57(369):1—410.经过详细考证,认为是贵阳十大功劳(Mahonia leveilleana Schneid.)。我们对贵阳十大功劳进行了染色体核型分析,结果如下:14对染色体全部为中部着丝点,不     

中国小檗属（小檗科）一新组合的新名称

小檗属和十大功劳属是小檗科内2个近缘属,Laferrière在1997年将十大功劳属的种及种下类群转移至小檗属中,由此也产生了许多新组合。其中,产于中国贵州的新组合Berberis bodinieri(Gagnep.)Laferr.（小果十大功劳）却是一个不合法的晚出同名,因为Léveillé 在1911年描述产于中国云南的1个小檗属新种时,已经发表了滇小檗（新拟）B.bodinieri Lév.,并且有关中国及世界小檗属的主要研究专著至今都未收录该种。因此,该文提出了新名称Berberis qianensis X.H.Li nom.nov.,以代替晚出同名B.bodinieri(Gagnep.)Laferr.,同时也对B.bodinieri Lév.进行了简要介绍。     

湖南种子植物新记录

报道产自湖南的7种新记录植物,包括春榆Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehd.) Nakai、壶托榕Ficus ischnopoda Miq.、兴山五味子Schisandra incarnata Stapf、叉毛阴山荠Yinshania furcatopilosa (K. C. Kuan) Y. H.Zhang、鳞斑荚蒾Viburnum punctatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don、巴东小檗Berberis veitchii Schneid.、峨眉十大功劳Mahonia polyodonta Fedde。本文对这些物种新分布区域的报道,扩宽了其分布范围,丰富了湖南省种子植物资源。凭证标本均保存于吉首大学植物标本馆(JIU)。     

南天竹微卫星标记开发及特性分析（英文）

南天竹(Nandina domestica)是一种具有较高观赏价值的常绿灌木。本研究从南天竹基因组中开发和筛选出10个微卫星位点,能在该物种中进行稳定PCR扩增且具一定的多态性。采用4个南天竹群体24个个体进行检测发现,每个位点的等位基因数为2~6,期望杂合度和表观杂合度分别为0.153~0.778和0~1。本研究结果为后续对南天竹遗传多样性的研究打下了基础。另外,这10个位点在小檗科4个其他物种中也有一定的通用性。     

伊犁河流域红果小檗资源分布与形态调查

红果小檗(Berberis nummularia Bge.)系小檗科(Berberidaceae)小檗属(Berberis L.)植物,是新疆及中亚地区特有的植物物种之一.对伊犁河流域的药食兼用植物红果小檗(Berberis nummularia Bge.)的资源分布、形态特征、生态条件、繁殖特征及人工栽培等进行了综合调查、对植物各部位标本采集及采样分析研究,并对其药用价值、经济价值、生态价值、观赏价值、资源开发及保护管理等方面进行了系统地探讨,为民族药的发掘和整理、丰富中华民族中药宝库以及野生植物资源的保护和合理开发可持续性利用提供了科学依据.     

短序与阔叶十大功劳化学组分及小檗碱含量的FTIR比较研究

为快速评价短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位化学成分差异,本研究运用FTIR采集短序和阔叶十大功劳不同部位的红外光谱并比较短序与阔叶十大功劳不同部位盐酸小檗碱含量差异.研究结果显示,生物碱、黄酮和丁香酯等化学成分,短序十大功劳根、茎及叶片中均较阔叶十大功劳丰富,但是,多糖和苷类含量在两种十大功劳根中相当,在茎和叶片中均以阔叶十大功劳含量高,尤其是叶片中这种差异更明显.最后,与盐酸小檗碱标准品比较发现,2种十大功劳中盐酸小檗碱含量均以茎中最高,叶片中含量最低;2种十大功劳比较各部位盐酸小檗碱含量均以短序十大功劳中高.故运用FTIR技术可以快速找出2种十大功劳化学成分的差异,本研究结果将为十大功劳属植物资源合理开发利用及良种选育提供参考.     

中国小檗科5属植物种子形态研究

利用解剖镜和扫描电镜对小檗科5属(小檗属、十大功劳属、鬼臼属、山荷叶属和红毛七属)40种2变种植物种子形态进行观察。研究结果表明:小檗科植物种子颜色多为黄褐色、红棕色至黑色,形状多样;种皮纹饰可分为网纹型、网纹—梯纹型、梯纹型和嚼烂状4种类型,其中网纹型又可划分为7个亚型。种子球形、种脐位于种子侧面近中部可作为红毛七区别于其他属种子的重要形态特征。根据种皮微形态特征,探讨了种子形态在小檗科内的系统学意义,并推测了种皮纹饰的可能演化路线。种子形态支持小檗属和十大功劳属的近缘关系,认为鬼臼属(八角莲属)较山荷叶属分化更早,但不支持Ahrendt对小檗属下组和亚组的划分。     

基于nrDNA ITS序列的广西十大功劳属植物的亲缘关系分析

以广西区6种十大功劳属植物为材料,采用PCR直接测序法测定其nr DNA ITS序列,以Gen Bank中的察瓦龙小檗的序列为外群对照,利用MEGA2.1软件构建7种植物的系统发育树,分析它们的亲缘关系。结果表明:(1)十大功劳属广西区6种植物的ITS序列长度在691~692间,ITS中G+C含量的变化范围为40.52%~42.67%,序列间的遗传分化距离为0.000~0.028,平均值为0.017;(2)NJ、MP、ME聚类树的分支趋势一致,六种十大功劳属植物都聚为一支,都以高支持率(96%以上)将小果十大功劳、阔叶十大功劳和十大功劳聚在一起,然后再和其他3种十大功劳属植物相聚,说明6种十大功劳的亲缘关系都比较近,但小果十大功劳,阔叶十大功劳和十大功劳这3个种的亲缘关系最为密切;(3)在6种十大功劳植物中,分布海拔相同以及分布区域有重叠的种类先相聚,可见这些物种的亲缘关系密切。     

中国小檗科小檗属一新名称

为中国小檗属小瓣小檗提出新名称Berberis jinshajiangensis X.H.Li,以代替晚出同名Berberis micropetala T.S.Ying(1999),non C.K.Schneid.(1939).     

广西僮族自治区蚊类调查

本文为1957年4月到10月,在广西僮族自治区5个市、34个县以及10个集镇对蚊类采集调查的结果。上述地区共发现蚊虫92种(亚种),分隶13个属:巨蚊属(Megar-hinus Rob-Desv,1827),按蚊属(Anopheles Meig,1818.),伊蚊属(AedesMeig,1818.),阿蚊属(Armigeres Theo,1901.),库蛟属(Culex Linn,1758.),费蚊属(Ficalbia Theo,1903.),钩蚊属(Harpogomyia Meij,1909.),哈蚊属(Heizmannia Ludlow,1904.),曼蚊属(Mansonia Blanch,1901.),直脚蚊属(Ortho-podomyia Theo,1904)局限蚊属(Topomyia Leic,1908),杵蚊属(Tripteroi-des Giles,1904.),蓝带蚊属(Uranotaenia Lynch Arrib,1891.)。 在发现的蚊种中,多数库蚊族和巨蚊族的种类,都是该地区的新载,同时,除了一新种和一新亚种外,并有5种(亚种)为我国的新载: Ae.(C.)ibis(Barraud,1931. Ae.(F.)greeni(Theo.),1903. Ae.(S.)mediopunctatus submediopunctatus Barraud,1923. Ar.(Ar.)theobaldi Barraud,1934. C.(N.)tenuipalpis Barraud,1924. 该地区发现的蚊类主要系东洋区的性质,和云南及广东的蚊虫相近似。 我国已知蚊亚科共有14个属,在此次调查中,除赛蚊属(Theobaldia)未发现外,其余在该地区都采集到。     

Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and phylogeny of the Berberidaceae

Comparative restriction site mapping of the chloroplast genome was performed to examine phylogenetic relationships among 27 species representing 16 genera of the Berberidaceae and two outgroups. Chloroplast genomes of the species included in this study showed no major structural rearrangements (i.e., they are collinear to tobacco cpDNA) except for the extension of the inverted repeat in species of Berberis and Mahonia. Excluding several regions that exhibited severe length variation, a total of 501 phylogenetically informative sites was mapped for ten restriction enzymes. The strict consensus tree of 14 equally parsimonious trees indicated that some berberidaceous genera (Berberis, Mahonia, Diphylleia) are not monophyletic. To explore phylogenetic utility of different parsimony methods phylogenetic trees were generated using Wagner, Dollo, and weighted parsimony for a reduced data set that included 18 species. One of the most significant results was the recognition of the four chromosomal groups, which were strongly supported regardless of the parsimony method used. The most notable difference among the trees produced by the three parsimony methods was the relationships among the four chromosomal groups. The cpDNA trees also strongly supported a close relationship of several generic pairs (e.g., Berberis-Mahonia, Epimedium-Vancouveria, etc.). Maximum likelihood values were computed for the four different tree topologies of the chromosomal groups, two Wagner, one Dollo, and one weighted topology. The results indicate that the weighted tree has the highest likelihood value. The lowest likelihood value was obtained for the Dollo tree, which had the highest bootstrap and decay values. Separate analyses using only the Inverted Repeat (IR) region resulted in a tree that is identical to the weighted tree. Poor resolution and/or support for the relationships among the four chromosomal lineages of the Berberidaceae indicate that they may have radiated from an ancestral stock in a relatively short evolutionary time.     

陕西省被子植物分布新资料

报道了陕西省种子植物分布的1新记录属、7新记录种.新记录属为亚麻荠属(十字花科),7个新记录种分别为梵净山菝葜(百合科)、鄂西小檗(小檗科)、堇叶碎米荠、亚麻荠(十字花科)、矮生栒子(蔷薇科)、长梗玄参(玄参科)及云雾忍冬(忍冬科).     

小檗属植物一新种——平坝小檗

报道了中国贵州小檗科小檗属植物一新种,即平坝小檗（Berberis pingbaensis M. T. An）新种与堆花小檗（B. aggregate Schineid.）相近似,但植物较小,果具白粉。     

Study on the Pollen Morphology of the Family Berberidaceae

The pollen grains of 33 species representing 11 genera of the family Berberidaceae, mostly from China, were examined with the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Their characteritic details can be used for generic diagnosis. A pollen key to the genera based on these observations is presented. Based on the morphology, the pollen grains can be grouped into the following three types: 1. The tetrad pollen type found only in the genus Sinopodophyllum. 2. The spiraperturate pollen type found in the genera Berberis and Mahonia. 3. The tricolpate pollen type found in the genera Diphylleia, Jeffersonia, Nandina, Dysosma, Caulophyllum, Leontice and Epimedium. A diagnostic key to the pollen grains of genera in the Berberidaceae. 1. Pollen grains single 2. Pollen grains spiraperturate .................... Berberis L., Mahonia L. 2. Pollen grains tricolpate 3. Exine with spinose sculpture ........................ Diphylleia Michx. 3. Exine with non-spinose sculpture 4. Exine with striate or striate-reticulate sculpture ...... Jeffersonia Barton 4. Exine with reticulate sculpture 5. Exine around colpus with distinct thickening ........ Nandina Thunb. 5. Exine around colpus without thickening 6. Pollen grains larger (45—50)×(32.5—37.5)μ 7. Colpus with membrane ................ Dysosma R. E. Woodson 7. Colpus without membrane ................ Caulophyllum Michx. 6. Pollen grains smaller (25—550)×(20—527.5) μ 7. Pollen grains prolate-perprolate .................... Leontice L. 7. Pollen grains spheroidal-prolate...Epimedium L., Podophyllum L. 1. Pollen grains tetrad ............................ Sinopodophyllum Ying     

Eriophyoid mites from Qinghai Province, northwestern China with descriptions of nine new species (Acari, Eriophyoidea)

Eriophyoid mites from Qinghai Province, northwestern China were studied herein. Up to now, only six species have been reported from Qinghai Province. In field surveys, 17 eriophyoid mite species were collected, among which nine species were found new to science. The new species and their host plants are listed as follows: Acaphyllisa tuberculumaesp. n. on Populus sp. (Salicaceae); Proiectus xiningensissp. n. on Pinus sp. (Pinaceae); Phyllocoptes beishaniensissp. n. on Spiraea mongolica Maxim. (Rosaceae); Tetra prunianasp. n. on Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) Rupr. (Berberidaceae); Tetra pyrianasp. n. on Pyrus calleryana Decne. (Rosaceae); Tetra simoniasp. n. on Populus simonii Carr. (Salicaceae); Diptacus berberinussp. n. on Berberis amurensis Rupr. (Berberidaceae); Diptacus mengdaensissp. n. on Lonicera elisae Franch. (Caprifoliaceae); Rhyncaphytoptus spinussp. n. on Lonicera rupicola Hook. f. et Thoms. (Caprifoliaceae). Aculops ulmi Hong & Xue, 2005 was re-described.     

Taxonomic synopsis of Berberis (Berberidaceae) from the northern Hengduan mountains region in China,with descriptions of seven new species

Though Berberis (Berberidaceae) is widely distributed across the Eurasian landmass it is most diverse in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountain (HHM) region. There are more than 200 species in China where it is one of the most common mountain shrubs. The study on the taxonomy and evolution of Berberis in this region can thus provide an important insight into the origin and diversification of its flora. A prerequisite to this is mapping and describing the various species of Berberis in the region – a task that despite recent progress is by no means complete. It is clear that in China there may be a significant number of species still to be described and that even with published species much about their distribution remains to be discovered. As a contribution to the first of these tasks seven new species from the northern Hengduan Mountain of N. Sichuan and S. Qinghai: Berberis chinduensis, Berberis degexianensis, Berberis jiajinshanensis, Berberis jinwu, Berberis litangensis, Berberis longquensis and Berberis riparia, are described here. Differences in overall morphology and especially in floral structures with each other and with similar species of Berberis in the same region are presented. The report is the result of phylogenetic analyses based on plastome and partial nrDNA sequences of both the seven proposed new species and a significant number of similar species already published. Provisional conclusions as to the insights provides on the history of the genetic divergence are discussed.     

Berberis rawatii sp. nov. (Berberidaceae) from India

In India, 55 species of Berberis have been reported and 22 species are found in Uttarakhand state. Berberis rawatii (Berberidaceae), a new species from Chamoli and Pithoragarh districts of Uttarakhand state of India (western Himalaya) is here described and illustrated. In terms of leaf and inflorescence, Berberis rawatii shows affinities with B. cretica L. Both these species have entire leaves, fascicled inflorescences, conspicuous style and black berries, but B. rawatii differs in the presence of a petiole, the dorsal surface of leaf pruinose, presence of elongated‐ovate glands, presence of prophylls, three ovules and pruinose fruits.     

内生真菌Ⅷ.中国药用植物内生真菌两个新记录种

<正>In a survey of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants in Beijing, two new records, Phoma jolyana and Microsphaeropsis conielloides, were isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Forsythia giraldiana     

4种小檗科植物叶片的蛋白质及氨基酸组成分析

蛋白质和氨基酸是植物体内重要的营养物质,研究药用植物的蛋白质和氨基酸组成对药用植物资源的合理开发和综合利用具有重要意义,但目前对药用植物次生代谢物的研究较为广泛（如黄酮类化合物[1-2],而对其初生代谢物的研究相对较少[3-4]。