共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
F. Ladich H. Y. Yan 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,182(6):737-746
Several anabantoid species produce broad-band sounds with high-pitched dominant frequencies (0.8–2.5 kHz), which contrast
with generally low-frequency hearing abilities in (perciform) fishes. Utilizing a recently developed auditory brainstem response
recording-technique, auditory sensitivities of the gouramis Trichopsis vittata, T. pumila, Colisa lalia, Macropodus opercularis and Trichogaster trichopterus were investigated and compared with the sound characteristics of the respective species. All five species exhibited enhanced
sound-detecting abilities and perceived tone bursts up to 5 kHz, which qualifies this group as hearing specialists. All fishes
possessed a high-frequency sensitivity maximum between 800 Hz and 1500 Hz. Lowest hearing thresholds were found in T. trichopterus (76 dB re 1 μPa at 800 Hz). Dominant frequencies of sounds correspond with the best hearing bandwidth in T. vittata (1–2 kHz) and C. lalia (0.8–1 kHz). In the smallest species, T. pumila, dominant frequencies of acoustic signals (1.5–2.5 kHz) do not match lowest thresholds, which were below 1.5 kHz. However,
of all species studied, T. pumila had best hearing sensitivity at frequencies above 2 kHz. The association between high-pitched sounds and hearing may be caused
by the suprabranchial air-breathing chamber, which, lying close to the hearing and sonic organs, enhances both sound perception
and emission at its resonant frequency.
Accepted: 26 November 1997 相似文献
2.
Background
The Weberian apparatus of otophysine fishes facilitates sound transmission from the swimbladder to the inner ear to increase hearing sensitivity. It has been of great interest to biologists since the 19th century. No studies, however, are available on the development of the Weberian ossicles and its effect on the development of hearing in catfishes.Methodology/Principal Findings
We investigated the development of the Weberian apparatus and auditory sensitivity in the catfish Lophiobagrus cyclurus. Specimens from 11.3 mm to 85.5 mm in standard length were studied. Morphology was assessed using sectioning, histology, and X-ray computed tomography, along with 3D reconstruction. Hearing thresholds were measured utilizing the auditory evoked potentials recording technique. Weberian ossicles and interossicular ligaments were fully developed in all stages investigated except in the smallest size group. In the smallest catfish, the intercalarium and the interossicular ligaments were still missing and the tripus was not yet fully developed. Smallest juveniles revealed lowest auditory sensitivity and were unable to detect frequencies higher than 2 or 3 kHz; sensitivity increased in larger specimens by up to 40 dB, and frequency detection up to 6 kHz. In the size groups capable of perceiving frequencies up to 6 kHz, larger individuals had better hearing abilities at low frequencies (0.05–2 kHz), whereas smaller individuals showed better hearing at the highest frequencies (4–6 kHz).Conclusions/Significance
Our data indicate that the ability of otophysine fish to detect sounds at low levels and high frequencies largely depends on the development of the Weberian apparatus. A significant increase in auditory sensitivity was observed as soon as all Weberian ossicles and interossicular ligaments are present and the chain for transmitting sounds from the swimbladder to the inner ear is complete. This contrasts with findings in another otophysine, the zebrafish, where no threshold changes have been observed. 相似文献3.
A comparative study of hearing ability in fishes: the auditory brainstem response approach 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
T. N. Kenyon F. Ladich H. Y. Yan 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,182(3):307-318
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) techniques, an electrophysiological far-field recording method widely used in clinical evaluation
of human hearing, were adapted for fishes to overcome the major limitations of traditional behavioral and electrophysiological
methods (e.g., invasive surgery, lengthy training of fishes, etc.) used for fish hearing research. Responses to clicks and
tone bursts of different frequencies and amplitudes were recorded with cutaneous electrodes. To evaluate the effectiveness
of this method, the auditory sensitivity of a hearing specialist (goldfish, Carassius auratus) and a hearing generalist (oscar, Astronotus ocellatus) was investigated and compared to audiograms obtained through psychophysical methods. The ABRs could be obtained between
100 Hz and 2000 Hz (oscar), and up to 5000 Hz (goldfish). The ABR audiograms are similar to those obtained by behavioral methods
in both species. The ABR audiogram of curarized (i.e., Flaxedil-treated) goldfish did not differ significantly from two previously
published behavioral curves but was lower than that obtained from uncurarized fish. In the oscar, ABR audiometry resulted
in lower thresholds and a larger bandwidth than observed in behavioral tests. Comparison between methods revealed the advantages
of this technique: rapid evaluation of hearing in untrained fishes, and no limitations on repeated testing of animals.
Accepted: 8 August 1997 相似文献
4.
T. E. Hetherington E. D. Lindquist 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1999,184(4):395-401
The mechanisms of hearing in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis, an “earless” species of amphibian that lacks a standard tympanic middle ear, were studied using laser Doppler vibrometric
and neurophysiological techniques. Laser vibrometry demonstrated that the anterolateral body wall overlying the lung is much
more responsive to sound than the lateral head surface overlying the inner ear. Covering the lateral body wall with silicone
grease dramatically decreased auditory midbrain sensitivity at all frequencies examined, elevating thresholds by 20–25 dB.
Filling the lungs with oxygenated saline produced similar decrements in hearing sensitivity, and both manipulations strongly
suggest that the lung is the primary route of sound reception in this species. The precise route of transfer of sound energy
from the body wall and lungs to the inner ear remains unclear. The lung-based hearing system of “earless” fire-bellied toads
may represent the retention of the first auditory mechanism used by early tetrapod vertebrates for detection of airborne sound.
Accepted: 10 December 1998 相似文献
5.
Absolute hearing thresholds and critical masking ratios in the European barn owl: a comparison with other owls 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. L. Dyson G. M. Klump B. Gauger 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,182(5):695-702
Absolute thresholds and critical masking ratios were determined behaviorally for the European barn owl (Tyto alba guttata). It shows an excellent sensitivity throughout its hearing range with a minimum threshold of −14.2 dB sound pressure level
at 6.3 kHz, which is similar to the sensitivity found in the American barn owl (Tyto alba pratincola) and some other owls. Both the European and the American barn owl have a high upper-frequency limit of hearing exceeding
that in other bird species. Critical masking ratios, that can provide an estimate for the frequency selectivity in the barn
owl's hearing system, were determined with a noise of about 0 dB spectrum level. They increased from 19.1 dB at 2 kHz to 29.2 dB
at 8 kHz at a rate of 5.1 dB per octave. The corresponding critical ratio bandwidths were 81, 218, 562 and 831 Hz for test-tone
frequencies of 2, 4, 6.3 and 8 kHz, respectively. These values indicate, contrary to expectations based on the spatial representation
of frequencies on the basilar papilla, increasing bandwidths of auditory filters in the region of the barn owl's auditory
fovea. This increase, however, correlates with the increase in the bandwidths of tuning curves in the barn owl's auditory
fovea.
Accepted: 27 November 1997 相似文献
6.
Auditory role of the suprabranchial chamber in gourami fish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Y. Yan 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,183(3):325-333
Fish hearing specialists (e.g., goldfish, holocentrids, clupeoids, mormyrids) have evolved specialized structures (e.g.,
Weberian ossicles, swimbladder diverticulae, gas-filled bullae) to enhance their auditory frequency range and threshold sensitivity.
The inner ears of anabantoid fish are encased in membranous cranial bones and are protruded into air-filled suprabranchial
chambers. This research was intended to test the hypothesis that the gas bubbles inside the suprabranchial chambers may modulate
the hearing abilities of anabantoid fish because of their proximity to the membranous bone-encased inner ears. Three species
of gourami (blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterus; kissing gourami Helostoma temminckii; dwarf gourami Colisa lalia) were examined. Using the auditory brainstem response recording technique, baseline audiograms tested at 300, 500, 800, 1500,
2500, 4000 Hz were obtained. The air bubbles in the suprabranchial chambers were replaced by water, and the audiograms were
remeasured. Thresholds were elevated in all three species. When three blue gouramis were allowed to replenish air into the
suprabranchial chambers their hearing abilities returned to baseline levels. These results support the hypothesis that air
bubbles in the suprabranchial chambers can affect hearing abilities of gouramis by lowering the thresholds.
Accepted: 28 May 1998 相似文献
7.
Background
Surveys of ontogenetic development of hearing and sound production in fish are scarce, and the ontogenetic development of acoustic communication has been investigated in only two fish species so far. Studies on the labyrinth fish Trichopsis vittata and the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus show that the ability to detect conspecific sounds develops during growth. In otophysine fish, which are characterized by Weberian ossicles and improved hearing sensitivities, the ontogenetic development of sound communication has never been investigated. We analysed the ontogeny of the auditory sensitivity and vocalizations in the mochokid catfish Synodontis schoutedeni. Mochokid catfishes of the genus Synodontis are commonly called squeakers because they produce broadband stridulation sounds during abduction and adduction of pectoral fin spines. Fish from six different size groups - from 22 mm standard length to 126 mm - were studied. Hearing thresholds were measured between 50 Hz and 6 kHz using the auditory evoked potentials recording technique; stridulation sounds were recorded and their sound pressure levels determined. Finally, absolute sound power spectra were compared to auditory sensitivity curves within each size group. 相似文献8.
T. C. Tricas J. G. New 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1997,182(1):89-101
Elasmobranch fishes localize weak electric sources at field intensities of <5 ηV cm−1, but the response dynamics of electrosensory primary afferent neurons to near threshold stimuli in situ are not well characterized.
Electrosensory primary afferents in the round stingray, Urolophus halleri, have a relatively high discharge rate, a regular discharge pattern and entrain to 1-Hz sinusoidal peak electric field gradients
of ≤20 ηV cm−1. Peak neural discharge for units increases as a non-linear function of stimulus intensity, and unit sensitivity (gain) decreases
as stimulus intensity increases. Average peak rate-intensity encoding is commonly lost when peak spike rate approximately
doubles that of resting, and for many units occurs at intensities <1 μV cm−1. Best neural sensitivity for nearly all units is at 1–2 Hz with a low-frequency slope of 8 dB/decade and a high-frequency
slope of −23 dB/decade. The response characteristics of stingray electrosensory primary afferents indicate sensory adaptations
for detection of extremely weak phasic fields near 1–2 Hz. We argue that these properties reflect evolutionary adaptations
in elasmobranch fishes to enhance detection of prey, communication and social interactions, and possibly electric-mediated
geomagnetic orientation.
Accepted: 20 June 1997 相似文献
9.
Sound‐producing mechanisms in fishes are extraordinarily diversified. We report here original mechanisms of three species from two families: the pempherid Pempheris oualensis, and the terapontids Terapon jarbua and Pelates quadrilineatus. All sonic mechanisms are built on the same structures. The rostral part of the swimbladder is connected to a pair of large sonic muscles from the head whereas the posterior part is fused with bony widenings of vertebral bodies. Two bladder regions are separated by a stretchable fenestra that allows forward extension of the anterior bladder during muscle contraction. A recoiling apparatus runs between the inner face of the anterior swimbladder and a vertebral body expansion. The elastic nature of the recoiling apparatus supports its role in helping the swimbladder to recover its initial position during sonic muscle relaxation. This system should aid fast contraction (between 100 and 250Hz) of sonic muscles. There are many differences between species in terms of the swimbladder and its attachments to the vertebral column, muscle origins, and morphology of the recoiling apparatus. The recoiling apparatus found in the phylogenetically‐related families (Glaucosomatidae, Pempheridae, Terapontidae) could indicate a new character within the Percomorpharia. J. Morphol. 277:717–724, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Hearing in eight species of northern Canadian freshwater fishes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The hearing thresholds of eight fish species from northern Canada were measured using auditory evoked potential techniques. The species with the best hearing was the lake chub Couesius plumbeus , followed by the longnose sucker Catastomus catastomus , both which had relatively sensitive hearing over the frequency range tested from 100 to 1600 Hz. The remaining species (troutperch Percopsis omiscomaycus , nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius , pike Esox lucius , spoonhead sculpin Cottus ricei , burbot Lota lota and broad whitefish Coregonus nasus ) all showed most sensitivity to low frequencies (<400 Hz) and had relatively insensitive high frequency hearing. The two species with the best hearing are otophysan fishes with connections between the swimbladder and inner ear. The spoonhead sculpin lacks a swimbladder, while the other non-otophysan species have swimbladders, but no specialized connection to the inner ear. These results can be used to predict the potential impact of anthropogenic noise, such as seismic air gun blasts, on hearing in these species. The species with the most sensitive hearing (lake chub and longnose sucker) are most likely to be affected by activities such as seismic air gun surveys. 相似文献
11.
H. Jerkø I. Turunen-Rise P. S. Enger O. Sand 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1989,165(4):455-459
Summary The auditory sensitivity in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was measured using an acoustic tube producing sound stimuli with different ratios between sound pressure and particle motion. The upper audible frequency limit in the eel was about 300 Hz. At low frequencies the relevant stimulus parameter was particle motion, excluding involvement of the swimbladder. At the higher frequencies within the audible range the swimbladder conveyed an auditory advantage for stimuli with a high ratio between pressure and particle motion. The eel has an extremely long distance between the swimbladder and the ear. An auditory function of the swimbladder in this species therefore indicates an efficient transmission channel for the reradiated swimbladder pulsations between the bladder and the ear, although specialized anatomical adaptations for this purpose are lacking. 相似文献
12.
J. R. McKibben A. H. Bass 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1999,184(6):563-576
The midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, generates acoustic signals for intraspecific communication. Nesting males produce long-duration “hums” which attract gravid
females and can be effectively mimicked by pure tones. In this study we examine the encoding of tonal signals by the midshipman
peripheral auditory system. Single-unit recordings were made from afferents innervating the sacculus while presenting sounds
via an underwater loudspeaker. Units were characterized by iso-intensity spike rate and vector strength of synchronization
curves, as well as by peri-stimulus time histograms. Additionally, response-intensity curves and responses to long-duration
(up to 10 s) stimuli were obtained. As has been seen in other teleosts, afferents had highly variable activity profiles. Excitatory
frequencies ranged from 60 to over 300 Hz with most units responding best around 70 or 140 Hz. Thresholds at 90 Hz ranged
from 95 to 145 dB re 1 μPa. Strong synchronization provided a robust temporal code of frequency, comparable to that described
for goldfish. Spike rate showed varying degrees of adaptation but high rates were generally maintained even for 10-s stimuli.
The midshipman peripheral auditory system is well suited to encoding conspecific communication signals, but nonetheless shares
many response patterns with the auditory system of other teleosts.
Accepted: 10 February 1999 相似文献
13.
G. Kämper V. Y. Vedenina 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,182(6):715-724
Interneurons in the cercal sensory system of crickets respond in a cell-specific manner if the cercal hair sensilla are stimulated
by air-particle oscillations at frequencies below about 2000 Hz. We investigated the filter properties of several of these
interneurons, and tested the effect of stimulus intensity (typically 0.3–50 mm s−1 peak-to-peak air-particle velocity) on the frequency response in the range 5–600 Hz. We focus on three interneurons (the
lateral and medial giant interneurons and interneuron 9-3a) of Acheta domesticus which are characterized by a relatively high sensitivity above ca. 50–200 Hz. The responses of the medial giant interneuron
usually increase monotonically with frequency and intensity. Interneuron 9-3a and the lateral giant interneuron exhibit saturation
or response decrement at high frequencies and intensities. The lateral giant interneuron has an additional peak of sensitivity
below about 40 Hz. Small individual variations in the relative locations of the two response areas of this interneuron within
the frequency-intensity field are responsible for a large variability obtained if frequency-response curves are determined
for particular intensities. Stimulus frequency does not affect the principal directional preferences of the three interneurons.
Nevertheless, if tested individually, the lateral giant interneuron and interneuron 9-3a exhibit small changes of directional
tuning.
Accepted: 12 November 1997 相似文献
14.
The larval phase of most species of coral reef fishes is spent away from the reef in the pelagic environment. At the time
of settlement, these larvae need to locate a reef, and recent research indicates that sound emanating from reefs may act as
a cue to guide them. Here, the auditory abilities of settlement-stage larvae of four species of coral reef fishes (families
Pomacentridae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae) and similar-sized individuals of two pelagic species (Carangidae) were tested using
an electrophysiological technique, auditory brainstem response (ABR). Five of the six species heard frequencies in the 100–2,000 Hz
range, whilst one carangid species did not detect frequencies higher than 800 Hz. The audiograms of the six species were of
similar shape, with best hearing at lower frequencies between 100 and 300 Hz. Strong within-species differences were found
in hearing sensitivity both among the coral reef species and among the pelagic species. Larvae of the coral reef species had
significantly more sensitive hearing than the larvae of the pelagic species. The results suggest that settlement-stage larval
reef fishes may be able to detect reef sounds at distances of a few 100 m. If true hearing thresholds are lower than ABR estimates,
as indicated in some comparisons of ABR and behavioural methods, the detection distances would be much larger. 相似文献
15.
J. Stout J. Hao P. Kim D. Mbungu M. Bronsert S. Slikkers J. Maier D. Kim K. Bacchus G. Atkins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1998,182(5):635-645
Juvenile hormone III (JHIII), when applied to the abdomen of 1-day-old female Acheta domesticus (in quantities that would create JHIII titers in the hemolymph that were within the range measured in females of this species)
caused a significant decrease in phonotactic thresholds (Fig. 1). Removal of the corpora allata from 5-day-old females with
low phonotactic thresholds caused significantly increased phonotactic thresholds 2–5 days later. After a temporary increase
(24 h) of, on average, about 25 dB, the phonotactic thresholds drop to about 10 dB above preallatectomy levels (Fig. 2), but
remain significantly higher than controls. Application of JHIII to allatectomized females, with a mean increase in thresholds
of 20 dB, results in significantly decreased thresholds (mean of about 20 dB) over the next 6 h (Fig. 3). Exposure to males
1 week before the imaginal molt causes the phonotactic thresholds of postimaginal females to drop 1–2 days significantly earlier
than controls (Fig. 4). One- and 3-day-old females, phonotactically tested only once, exhibit lower thresholds in the early
morning than they do in the late afternoon (Fig. 5). Five-day-old females do not exhibit such a diurnal rhythm. Phonotactically
testing females more than once a day significantly influences their phonotactic thresholds (Figs. 6, 7). In 1-day-old females,
with high (above 70 dB) phonotactic thresholds, the threshold of their L1 auditory interneurons can be 30 dB or more below
their phonotactic threshold (Fig. 8). In females with phonotactic thresholds of 70 dB or lower, the L1 threshold is within
10 dB of their phonotactic threshold. Both JHIII and allatectomy influence phonotactic and L1 thresholds in a similar manner.
Accepted: 29 September 1997 相似文献
16.
Karen P. Maruska Timothy C. Tricas 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(11):1071-1088
The fish auditory system encodes important acoustic stimuli used in social communication, but few studies have examined response
properties of central auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and
midbrain auditory neurons to tone bursts and playbacks of conspecific sounds in the soniferous damselfish, Abudefduf abdominalis. Most auditory neurons were either silent or had slow irregular resting discharge rates <20 spikes s−1. Average best frequency for neurons to tone stimuli was ~130 Hz but ranged from 80 to 400 Hz with strong phase-locking. This
low-frequency sensitivity matches the frequency band of natural sounds. Auditory neurons were also modulated by playbacks
of conspecific sounds with thresholds similar to 100 Hz tones, but these thresholds were lower than that of tones at other
test frequencies. Thresholds of neurons to natural sounds were lower in the midbrain than the hindbrain. This is the first
study to compare response properties of auditory neurons to both simple tones and complex stimuli in the brain of a recently
derived soniferous perciform that lacks accessory auditory structures. These data demonstrate that the auditory fish brain
is most sensitive to the frequency and temporal components of natural pulsed sounds that provide important signals for conspecific
communication. 相似文献
17.
K.-H. Esser B. Lud 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1997,180(5):513-522
In the lesser spear-nosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor, maternal directive calls are characterized by an individual type of sinusoidal frequency modulation (= SFM) pattern. Beside
modulation frequency, modulation depth, carrier frequency, and number of modulation cycles per call contribute to the mother's
vocal signature. Since juvenile P. discolor learn to adapt their isolation calls to the corresponding call characteristics of the own mother or even to playback of a
computer-stored directive call, if hand-reared in the absence of conspecifics, the bats' auditory system ought to be able
to resolve interindividual differences in communication call structure. However, quantitative psychoacoustic data on the discrimination
of SFM signals in this species are not available. Thus, in the present study, lesser spear-nosed bats were trained in a two-alternative
forced-choice procedure to discriminate between two alternatingly presented SFM sound signals differing in modulation frequency.
Other characteristics of acoustic stimuli were identical and designed to mimick the fundamental of species-specific calls.
By gradually reducing the difference in modulation frequency between both stimuli within the behavioural relevant range until
the animals' performance dropped below the 75%-correct level, a considerable auditory spectro-temporal resolution has been
revealed. Particularly in comparison to the overall interindividual variation of this call parameter (minimal modulation frequency = 49 Hz,
maximum = 100 Hz), the determined average difference limen for modulation frequency of 2.42 ± 0.29 Hz seems substantial and
sufficient for labelling individuals.
Accepted: 30 November 1996 相似文献
18.
Raquel O. Vasconcelos Joseph A. Sisneros M. Clara P. Amorim Paulo J. Fonseca 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2011,197(9):903-913
A novel form of auditory plasticity for enhanced detection of social signals was described in a teleost fish, Porichthys notatus (Batrachoididae, Porichthyinae). The seasonal onset of male calling coincides with inshore migration from deep waters by
both sexes and increased female sensitivity to dominant frequencies of male calls. The closely related Lusitanian toadfish,
Halobatrachus didactylus, (Batrachoididae, Halophryninae) also breeds seasonally and relies on acoustic communication to find mates but, instead,
both sexes stay in estuaries and show vocal activity throughout the year. We investigated whether the sensitivity of the inner
ear saccule of H. didactylus is seasonally plastic and sexually dimorphic. We recorded evoked potentials from populations of saccular hair cells from
non-reproductive and reproductive males and females in response to 15–945 Hz tones. Saccular hair cells were most sensitive
at 15–205 Hz (thresholds between 111 and 118 dB re. 1 μPa). Both sexes showed identical hearing sensitivity and no differences
were found across seasons. The saccule was well suited to detect conspecific vocalizations and low frequencies that overlapped
with lateral line sensitivity. We showed that the saccule in H. didactylus has major importance in acoustic communication throughout the year and that significant sensory differences may exist between
the two batrachoidid subfamilies. 相似文献
19.
Ludger Hubl Hans Schneider 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1979,130(1):17-27
Summary The auditory thresholds of three frogs-two subspecies of the genusHyla (H. a. arborea, H. a. savignyi) and one of the genusRana (R. r. ridibunda)—were measured at 5°, 12°, 20° and 28°C, by recording multi-unit activity from the torus semicircularis.
In the tree frogs, the upper limit of the audible range is 7,000 Hz. At 5°C the best frequency is 3,000 Hz; the threshold
(expressed in dB SPL in all cases) at this frequency is 49 dB (males) and 43 dB (females) forH. a. arborea and 42 dB (males) and 48 dB (females) forH. a. savignyi. At 12°C the thresholds are lower, and they are lower still at 20°, reaching a minimum, at 3,000 Hz, of 42 dB (males) and
38 dB (females) forH. a. arborea and 41 dB (males) and 40 dB (females) forH. a. savignyi. At frequencies of 1,000 Hz and lower, thresholds are high at 5°C; in part of this range they are considerably lowered at
20°C, whereas at 28°C there is a reduction in sensitivity to most frequencies inH. a. arborea, amounting to more than 10 dB in the males.H. a. savignyi differs in this regard; at 28° sensitivity is no less than at lower temperatures, and in fact is greater in the range 1,000–1,400
Hz.
The audible range ofR. r. ridibunda is more restricted than that of the tree frogs, but it is more sensitive within this range. The highest frequency is 4,500
Hz. At 5°C the thresholds of the males are lowest at 500–600 Hz (42 dB) and 1,400–1,900 Hz (ca. 39 dB). The best frequencies
of the females are 700 Hz (38 dB) and 1,400 Hz (36 dB). At 12°C the thresholds at 300 Hz and 1,000 Hz are markedly lowered,
by 10–18 dB. The thresholds of the females at 20°C are still lower over almost the entire audible range, whereas in the males
only part of the range is affected. This difference persists at 28°C, the threshold curve of the males being slightly raised,
while that of the females is unchanged.
Latencies are dependent upon temperature and sound pressure. With a rise in temperature from 5° to 20°C the latency falls
by ca. 8 ms. An increase in sound pressure from 5 dB to 30 dB SPL shortens the latency by ca. 10 ms. These changes were found
in all the frogs studied. 相似文献
20.
B. Tatler D. C. O'Carroll S. B. Laughlin 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2000,186(4):399-407
A hot head gives an insect a clearer view of a moving world because warming reduces motion blur by accelerating photoreceptor
responses. Over a natural temperature range, 19–34 °C, the speed of response of blowfly (Calliphora vicina) photoreceptors more than doubles, to produce the fastest functional responses recorded from an ocular photoreceptor. This
acceleration increases temporal resolving power, as indicated by the corner frequency of the response power spectrum. When
light adapted, the corner frequency increases from 53 Hz to 119 Hz with a Q
10 of 1.9, and when dark adapted from 8 Hz to 32 Hz with a Q
10 of 3.0. Temperature sensitivity originates in the phototransduction cascade, and is associated with signal amplification.
The temperature sensitivity of photoreceptors must be taken into account when studying the mechanisms, function and ecology
of vision, and gives a distinct advantage to insects that thermoregulate.
Accepted: 2 February 2000 相似文献