适合于苹果的ISSR反应体系的建立

以富士苹果为试材 ,对ISSR反应体系中的诸如模板DNA、Mg2 + 、dNTP和TaqDNA聚合酶的浓度进行了探索 ,确立了适合富士苹果的ISSR反应体系 :在 2 5 μl反应体系中 ,含 1×缓冲液 [10 0mmol·L-1KCl、80mmol·L-1(NH4) 2 SO4、10 0mmol·L-1Tris HCl,pH 9.0 ,NP 4 0 ]、1.5mmol·L-1MgCl2 、0 .2 0mmol·L-1dNTP、0 .4 0 μmol·L-1引物、2 0ngDNA、1UTaqDNA聚合酶     

党参基因组DNA提取、ISSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选

对党参基因组DNA提取方法优化、ISSR体系形成及引物筛选三方面进行探讨,为研究党参居群遗传多样性及药材DNA鉴定奠定基础。经比较改良CTAB法、改进的高盐SDS法和试剂盒三种常用DNA提取方法,发现改良CTAB法效果最佳;利用优化设计并结合有关文献优化ISSR反应体系,最优反应体系为：50 μL总反应体积中含约20 ng DNA模板,1.25 U Taq DNA聚合酶,2.25 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺,200 μmol·L^-1 dNTP,0.50 μmol·L^-1引物。以此体系为基础进行引物筛选,在100条ISSR引物中筛选出13条扩增条带清晰、多态性较高、重复性好的引物。     

黄连ISSR反应条件优化的研究

以黄连(味连,Coptis Chinensis Franch.)基因组DNA为模板,通过单因子、双因子实验研究了ISSR反应体系中主要成分（Mg²⁺、dNTP、引物、模板、Taq DNA聚合酶）以及热循环参数（退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间）对扩增结果的影响,并找出各自的最适条件,建立了适合黄连ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25μL反应体系中,内含1×PCR buffer、1.5mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、200μmol·L^-1 dNTP、0.3 μmol·L^-1引物、40 ng模板、1 U TaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min,然后进行35个循环：94℃变性30 s,（据不同引物的退火温度）复性1 min,72℃延伸1.5 min,循环结束后72℃延伸7 min,-4℃保存。这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行黄连鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序。     

苹果黑星病菌SSR反应体系的优化

通过对苹果黑星病菌基因组DNA的SSR反应中一些重要参数进行优化,结果表明,最适反应体系为:2 5μL体系中,10×Buffer Mg Cl2 2 0 mm ol/ L 2 .5μL ,d NTP 10 0μmol·L- 1 、引物0 .5μmol·L- 1 、Taq DNA聚合酶1.5 U ,DNA模板2 m g·L- 1 ,dd H2 O 19.5μL .PCR扩增程序为93℃,2 min,5 7℃,30 s,1个循环;72℃,1m in,93℃,30 s,5 7℃,30 s,4 0个循环;72℃,10 min.     

乌塌菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

为获得乌塌菜ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系,采用单因素浓度梯度试验和正交优化设计相结合的方法,研究了引物浓度、dNTP浓度、Mg²⁺浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量对PCR反应的影响。并在此基础上对退火温度和循环数进一步优化,最终确立了适合乌塌菜ISSR PCR反应的最佳体系和程序。即20 μL PCR反应体系含：30 ng模板DNA,0.50 μmol·L^-1引物,0.25 mmol·L^-1 dNTP,1 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺,1.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶。PCR扩增程序为：94℃预变性3 min;94℃变性30 s,50℃退火1 min,72℃延伸90 s,35个循环;72℃延伸7 min,4℃保存。这一优化的ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立为今后利用ISSR技术对乌塌菜进行种质资源的分类鉴定奠定了基础。     

珍稀濒危树种毛红椿微卫星DNA分离及SSR反应体系优化

本研究以江西宜丰种源毛红椿为材料,成功提取其基因组DNA。利用改良的链亲和素磁珠法亲和捕捉出毛红椿基因组微卫星DNA片断,并构建了富含微卫星的基因组文库。从构建的基因组文库中随机挑选了63个单克隆进行测序,其中50个单克隆成功测序,含有微卫星的单克隆有18个,并根据测序结果设计并合成SSR引物18对。利用所合成的引物优化SSR反应体系,对影响SSR反应的各个因子进行了探讨。确定了模板DNA浓度最适浓度为30ng;dNTP的最适浓度为0.3mmol·L-1;0.3μmol·L-1是引物在反应体系中的最合适浓度。建立了重复性好、稳定性好的SSR反应体系,为下一步进行毛红椿群体遗传结构和遗传变异研究提供了技术支持。     

岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

目的:优化岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系,为利用ISSR标记进行岩白菜遗传多样性研究服务。方法:采用5因子4水平正交设计法优化岩白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果:五个因子从大到小的影响力排序结果为:dNTPs>Mg2+>模板DNA>引物=Taq酶。岩白菜ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系为:总体积25μL,内含10×PCR缓冲液2.5μL、2.5 mmol.L-1Mg2+、2.0 U Taq酶、0.2 mmol.L-1dNTPs、0.48μmol.L-1ISSR引物、125 ng模板DNA。结论:研究获得的最佳反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力强、重复性好等特点,为利用ISSR标记技术研究岩白菜遗传多样性奠定了基础。     

紫云英ISSR引物的筛选及PCR反应体系的优化

以紫云英为研究材料,用哥伦比亚大学(UBC)公布的100条ISSR引物和11种株系紫云英品种的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,筛选出33条扩增条带较好的ISSR引物,对其中的ISSR引物进行梯度PCR,筛选出最佳的退火温度。再采用正交试验和单因素试验相结合的方法对紫云英ISSR-PCR反应体系的5种因素(模板、Mg2+、TaqDNA聚合酶、dNTP及引物)进行优化浓度。确立了适合紫云英的ISSR分析的反应体系。在25μl反应体系中,其反应浓度为:DNA模版50.00ng,Mg2+2.00mol/L,Taq聚合酶1.0 U,dNTP 0.25mmol/L,引物0.20μmol/L,2.5μl 10×buffer。本试验为以后利用ISSR技术进行紫云英遗传多样性分析和物种保护奠定了技术基础。     

利用正交设计建立与优化北美驼绒藜ISSR-PCR反应体系

利用正交试验设计的方法,对北美驼绒藜ISSR-PCR反应的5因素(Taq酶、dNTP、引物、Mg²⁺和模板DNA)4水平进行试验,试验结果运用MINITAB软件进行分析,建立了适合北美驼绒藜的既稳定又谱带多的ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,即20 μL的反应体系中含有1×buffer,1.5 U Taq酶,0.2 mmol·L^-1 dNTP,0.5 μmol·L^-1引物,2.5 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺和10 ng模板DNA。这一优化的ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立,为今后利用ISSR技术进行驼绒藜属植物种质资源分类、遗传图谱构建和遗传变异奠定了技术基础。     

正交设计优化落叶松ISSR-PCR反应体系

该文利用正交试验设计的方法,对落叶松ISSR-PCR反应的5因素4水平进行试验,试验结果运用MINITAB软件进行分析,建立了落叶松ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系,即在20μl反应体系中,模板50-200 ng,0.5μmol/L的引物,1×反应缓冲液,dNTP为0.15mmol/L-0.2mmol/L,1U的TaqDNA聚合酶,Mg2 2.0mmol/L-2.5 mmol/L。并进一步进行梯度退火试验,找到了最适的落叶松ISSR退火温度为56.4℃。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.