球形芽孢杆菌C3-41对致倦库蚊的毒效及在蚊体内的再循环

球形芽孢杆菌Csub3-41菌株(Bacillus sphaericus C3-41)对致倦库蚊(Culex puinquefa-seiatus)幼虫有很高毒效,对2龄和3-4龄幼虫的半致死剂量(LD₅₀)分别为63.1 和89.7芽孢/蚊幼虫。处理浓度越高,取食时间越长,蚊幼虫取食到的杀蚊活性物质量越多,死亡率越高。当蚊幼虫取食亚致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,球形芽孢杆菌在感染的活幼虫体内不增殖;但当蚊幼虫取食致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,蚊幼死亡,球形芽孢杆菌在死蚊幼虫体内增殖明显,6天内芽孢从感染初期的1.86X10²蚊幼虫增加到1.59X10⁶/蚊幼虫。芽孢在死蚊幼虫体内能正常萌发、生长、产孢和形成毒素。增殖的芽孢同样对致倦库蚊幼虫有较高毒力。     

球形芽孢杆菌C_3－41对致倦库蚊的毒效及在蚊体内的再循环

球形芽抱杆菌Ｃ３－４１菌株（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃｕｓ　Ｃ３－４１）对致倦库蚊（Ｃｕｌｅｘｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆａ－ｓｃｉａｔｕｓ）幼虫有很高毒效,对２龄和３—４龄幼虫的半致死剂量（ＬＤ５０）分别为６３．１和８９．７芽孢／蚊幼虫。处理浓度越高,取食时间越长,蚊幼虫取食到的杀蚊活性物质量越多,死亡率越高。当蚊幼虫取食互致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,球形芽孢杆菌在感染的活幼虫体内不增殖;但当蚊幼虫取食致死剂量杀蚊活性物质后,蚊幼死亡,球形芽抱杆菌在死蚊幼虫体内增殖明显,６天内芽抱从感染初期的１．８６×１０２／蚊幼虫增加到１．５９×１０６／蚊幼虫。芽抱在死蚊幼虫体内能正常荫发、生长、产孢和形成毒素。增殖的芽抱同样对致倦库蚊幼虫有较高毒力。     

一摸香叶精油对致倦库蚊的生物活性及其成分分析

参照“农药登记卫生用杀虫剂的室内药效评价/驱避剂GB/T 17322.10—1998”,研究了一摸香鲜叶的水蒸汽蒸馏精油对致倦库蚊的驱避作用;参照“电热片蚊香的室内药效测定方法GB 13917.5—1992”,测试了该精油对致倦库蚊成蚊的熏杀效果;采用浸液法测试了其对致倦库蚊幼虫及蛹的毒杀活性;并用GC-MS测试分析了其化学成分.结果表明：一摸香叶精油在1.5 mg·cm^-2剂量下对实验室饲养的未吸血致倦库蚊雌成蚊的驱避100%保护时间为(6.54±0.17) h,对成蚊的熏杀24 h LC₅₀值为6.895 μg·cm^-3,对成蚊的熏蒸KT₅₀值为6.46 min (熏蒸剂量为11.850 μg·cm^-3),对Ⅳ龄期幼虫的24 h毒杀LC₅₀值为119.020 μg·ml^-1.精油中共鉴定出17种化合物,占该精油挥发性成分总量的97.4%.说明一摸香叶精油对致倦库蚊具有显著的驱避作用和极强的毒杀活性.     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1蛋白和苏云金杆菌Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白的协同作用

采用常规的生物测定方法确定了纯化的球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)的缺失信号肽的97kDa营养期杀蚊毒素(Mosquitocidal toxin 1,Mtx1)蛋白和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)27.3kDa的Cyt1Aa晶体蛋白对致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明Mtx1和Cyt1Aa不同比例的混合物对致倦库蚊的毒力比单独毒素蛋白高,经统计分析表明两毒素蛋白对目标蚊幼虫具有明显的协同作用。在LC98处理浓度下,Mtx1和Cyt1Aa按3∶1混合的混合物LT50值比单独Mtx1的提前了6.36h。表明Cyt1Aa和Mtx1对致倦库蚊具有协同毒杀作用,提高对目标蚊虫的毒力、缩短半致死时间。该结果为深入研究Mtx1和Cyt1Aa的杀蚊作用方式奠定了基础,同时为其在蚊虫防治中的应用提供了新的思路和方法。     

球形芽孢杆菌LP1-G的发酵特性及杀蚊活性

球形芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃｕｓ）ＬＰ１－Ｇ菌株在ＭＢＳ培养基上能正常生长、发育,产生位于芽孢孢外膜外的伴孢晶体。其产生的４１．９和５１．２ｋＤ二元毒素蛋白合成于芽孢形成期,另一分子量约为４９ｋＤ蛋白和二元毒素同期合成,并随着芽孢的释放而被降解。生物测定结果表明该菌株在营养体生长阶段对致倦库蚊幼虫无毒,孢子囊初期毒力较高,并在整个芽孢形成期都维持较高的毒力水平。其全发酵液对敏感和抗性库蚊幼虫都具有中等的毒杀作用,对３～４龄幼虫４８ｈ的ＬＣ_５０。值分别为０．１１３和０．１３７ｍｇ／ｍＬ。该菌株对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫的毒杀作用可能同其产生４９ｋＤ蛋白相关。     

球形芽孢杆菌LP1-G的发酵特性及杀蚊活性*

球形芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃｕｓ）ＬＰ１－Ｇ菌株在ＭＢＳ培养基上能正常生长、发育,产生位于芽孢孢外膜外的伴孢晶体。其产生的４１．９和５１．２ｋＤ二元毒素蛋白合成于芽孢形成期,另一分子量约为４９ｋＤ蛋白和二元毒素同期合成,并随着芽孢的释放而被降解。生物测定结果表明该菌株在营养体生长阶段对致倦库蚊幼虫无毒,孢子囊初期毒力较高,并在整个芽孢形成期都维持较高的毒力水平。其全发酵液对敏感和抗性库蚊幼虫都具有中等的毒杀作用,对３～４龄幼虫４８ｈ的ＬＣ_５０。值分别为０．１１３和０．１     

埃及伊蚊浓核病毒(AaeDV)对致倦库蚊的致病性研究

致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)是西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)、圣路易斯脑炎病毒等重要的媒介。蚊浓核病毒(Mosquito densovirus,MDV)是特异性感染蚊类的病毒,对蚊虫具有明显的致病性。为研究MDV对致倦库蚊的致病效应,我们使用不同浓度埃及伊蚊浓核病毒(Aedes aegypti densovirus,AaeDV)感染致倦库蚊不同发育阶段的幼虫、蛹与成蚊,测定其感染率与死亡率,结果证实AaeDV对致倦库蚊1~2龄幼虫、3~4龄幼虫、蛹和雌雄成蚊的感染率分别为93.33%±2.49%、66%±3.74%、2.67%±0.94%、23.33%±3.40%和24.00%±1.63%,感染率与其发育阶段有关而与性别无关。AaeDV对幼虫的杀伤效果具有剂量依赖性,且与发育阶段有关,在1×1011拷贝/mL浓度下,新孵化龄幼虫和3~4龄幼虫的死亡率高达95.33%±0.74%和61.67%±2.07%。因此AaeDV对致倦库蚊具有生物防制的潜在价值。     

球形芽孢杆菌Mtx1杀蚊毒素在苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种中的表达

将来源于球形芽孢杆菌SSII-1的mtx1毒素基因克隆至穿梭载体pBU4上,得到mtx1插入方向相反的重组质粒pMT9和pMT4.含有pMT9和pMT4的大肠杆菌转化子能表达产生Mtx1毒素,发酵液对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊幼虫具有中度毒杀作用;含有pMT9和pMT4的苏云金芽孢杆菌转化子B-pMT9和B-pMT4在营养体生长阶段对敏感蚊幼和抗性幼虫也具有毒性,毒力与野生型SSII-1相当,而不同转化子在芽孢形成期的毒力因插入的mtx1基因转录方向不同而表现出差异,其中B-pMT4对目标蚊幼毒力极低(LC50＞100mg/mL),而B-pMT9对蚊幼虫具有毒性(LC50=2.49mg/mL).     

我国海南省杀蚊球形芽孢杆菌的分离和分布

在我国海南省共采集158个各种类型的泥土样品,采用选择性培养基（PBMYS）进行样品分离,并结合形态学观察、血清学鉴定和生物测定,获得对致倦库蚊（Culexquinquefasciatus）幼虫有毒性的球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus）73株,有毒株的分离率占样品总数的342％。血清学试验表明,新分离菌株有71株属H5a5b型,两株属在我国首次分离出比型菌株。许多球形芽bqn杆菌新菌株对致倦库蚊幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用。其中228－2和117－1菌株的丙酮粉剂效     

印楝种核提取物AZAL-S对致倦库蚊幼虫的毒性和生长调节活性(英文)

在实验室条件下,测试了印楝种核提取物AZAL-S对致倦库蚊幼虫的毒力,其LC_(50)为0.78×10~(-6)。分别用0.3×10~(-6)和0.5×10~(-6)的AZAL-S处理致倦库蚊4龄幼虫120小时,死亡率为46.2％和67.5％,并出现各种畸形。用0.4×10~(-6)—1.0×10~(-6)的AZAL-S处理致倦库蚊1龄幼虫7天,发现其幼虫期显著延长。AZAL-S对蚊幼虫的生长调节作用与某些昆虫生长调节剂对蚊幼虫的作用相似。     

The comparative persistence of toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 against mosquito larvae in different kinds of environments

Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 and B. thuringiensis serotype H-14 were evaluated for persistence of toxicity against two species of mosquito larvae, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti, in a selected simulating plot in Bangkok. Both strains of bacteria demonstrated larvicidal activity towards both species of mosquito larvae. In tap water, the toxicity of B. sphaericus strain 1593 was found to be greater towards C. quinquefasciatus larvae than A. aegypti larvae, whereas the toxicity of B. thuringiensis serotype H-14 was found to be greater towards A. aegypti larvae than C. quinquefasciatus larvae. The persistence of toxicity of these two bacteria was found to be different. The lethal concentration of B. thuriengiensis H-14 against A. aegypti decreased from LC₉₀ to below LC₅₀ in about 15 weeks when tested in tap water. The decrease was faster in polluted water. The toxicity of B. sphaericus 1593 towards C. quinquefasciatus larvae persisted for at least 9 months in tap water and 6 months in polluted water. The multiplication of bacteria was indicated only in populations of B. sphaericus 1593 tested with C. quinquefasciatus larvae.     

Photosynthesis and Light Activation of Ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate Carboxylase in the Presence of Starch

Owing to a typographical error three equations were omittedfrom page 1294. The correct paragraphs are set out below. The component K₁ corrected for the difference in temperaturebetween the enzyme assay and the leaf and was calculated accordingto the Arrhemus equation. where v10 and v18 are the reaction velocities of carboxylationat 10?C and 18?C, respectively and A is the activation energy(A = 90 kJ mol^–1, as determined for purified wheat RuBPCOby M?chler, Keys and Cornelius, 1980) The components K2 corrected for the difference in CO₂ partialpressure between enzyme assay and leaf and for competitive inhibitionof carboxylation by O₂ and was calculated according to the modifiedMichaelis Menten equation where v_c, is the carboxylation velocity under leaf conditions,V_c. is the maximum carboxylation velocity as determined in theenzyme assay, K_c, and K_o are the Michaelis constants for carboxylationand oxygenation, respectively (K_o = 159 Pa CO₂. K_o = 35.3 kPaO₂, as interpolated for 18?C from spinach data as determinedby Jordan and Ogren, 1984), O is oxygen partial pressure inair and C₁ is intercellular CO₂ partial pressure in leaves (C₁= 29.1 ? 0.8 Pa (? s c , n = 15)) The component K3 corrected for the decrease in CO₂ fixationin leaves due to photorespiration and was calculated accordingto equation 3 Equation 3 is denved from the equation for the substrate specificityof RuBPCO, S= v_c/v_oC (Laing, Ogren, and Hageman, 1974), andfrom the equation for the stoichiometry of photorespiratoryCO₂ release, F=v_c–1/2 v_o, where v_c, and v_c are reactionvelocities of carboxylation and oxygenation, O and C are partialpressures of 02 and intercellular CO₂, F is net photosynthesisand S is the substrate specificity of RuBPCO (S= 3061 Pa/Pa,as interpolated for 18?C from spinach data as determined byJordan and Ogren, 1984)     

Mosquito larvicidal activity of Aloe vera (Family: Liliaceae) leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus,against Chikungunya vector,Aedes aegypti

The bio-efficacy of Aloe vera leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, Bacillus sphaericus larvicidal activity was assessed against the first to fourth instars larvae of Aedes aegypti, under the laboratory conditions. The plant material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. A. vera and B. sphaericus show varied degrees of larvicidal activity against various instars larvae of A. aegypti. The LC₅₀ of A. vera against the first to fourth instars larvae were 162.74, 201.43, 253.30 and 300.05 ppm and the LC₉₀ 442.98, 518.86, 563.18 and 612.96 ppm, respectively. B. sphaericus against the first to fourth instars larvae the LC₅₀ values were 68.21, 79.13, 93.48, and 107.05 ppm and the LC₉₀ values 149.15, 164.67, 183.84, and 201.09 ppm, respectively. However, the combined treatment of A. vera + B. sphaericus (1:2) material shows highest larvicidal activity of the LC₅₀ values 54.80, 63.11, 74.66 and 95.10 ppm; The LC₉₀ values of 145.29, 160.14, 179.74 and 209.98 ppm, against A. aegypti in all the tested concentrations than the individuals and clearly established that there is a substantial amount of synergist act. The present investigation clearly exhibits that both A. vera and B. sphaericus materials could serve as a potential larvicidal agent. Since, A. aegypti is a container breeder vector mosquito this user and eco-friendly and low-cost vector control strategy could be a viable solution to the existing dengue disease burden. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity the combined effect of A. vera leaf extract and B. sphaericus against as target species of A. aegypti.     

豆薯种子中的杀虫成分及其毒力测定

为明确豆薯Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urban种子中的杀虫成分及其杀虫毒力,以白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus 4龄幼虫为目标昆虫,在活性跟踪的基础上,通过多种色谱技术和核磁共振技术分离鉴定其化学成分结构,并通过浸渍法、点滴、夹毒叶碟法等测定各化合物对白纹伊蚊幼虫、棉蚜Aphis gossypii无翅成蚜、甘薯天蛾Herse convolvuli幼虫和小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫的杀虫活性和作用方式。结果表明,从豆薯种子中共分离、鉴定了14个化合物,即12a-hydoxyrotenone,pachyrrhizine,12a-hydoxypachyrrhizone,12α-dehydropachyrrizone,α-naphthoflavone,7-methoxyflavanone,12α-hydroxydolineone,6-methoxyflavone,4′-hydoxyflavanone,quercetin dihydate,5-methoxyflavone,7-hydroxyflavone,3′-hydoxyflavanone和3-hydroxyflavone。上述化合物中的前7个化合物对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫具有毒杀活性, 处理24 h的LC₅₀分别是25.0,51.1,196.2,48.4,98.9,107.2 和15.6 mg/L;前6个化合物对棉蚜成虫24 h 的毒力分别为1.5,10.9,80.7,8,32.1和112.8 mg/L;前5个化合物以及12α-hydroxydolineone对甘薯天蛾3龄幼虫有毒杀活性;12α-hydoxyrotenone对3龄小菜蛾幼虫24 h的胃毒毒力LD₅₀为17.3 μg/头,7-methoxyflavanone对该虫仅表现出较弱的生长发育抑制活性。首次从豆薯种子中分离得9个化合物,即6-methoxyflavone,4′-hydoxyflavanone,quercetin dihydate,α-naphthoflavone,7-methoxyflavanone,5-methoxyflavone,7-hydroxyflavone,3′-hydoxyflavanone和3-hydroxyflavone;豆薯种子含有7个活性成分,其作用方式因目标昆虫不同而不同,其主要杀虫成分不是鱼藤酮而是12α-羟基鱼藤酮。     

Avermectin类农药对美洲斑潜蝇的生物活性

Avermectin类农药对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasattvae Blanchard生物活性的室内研究结果表明： 揭阳霉素对美洲斑潜蝇1、2、3龄幼虫的LC₅₀分别是1.54×10^-4 g/L、3.73×10^-4 g/L、1.99×10^-3g/L;害极灭对上述幼虫的LC₅₀分别是1.48×10^-4g/L、3.68x10^-4 g/L和1.97×10^-3 g/L。美洲斑潜蝇幼虫对Avermectln类农药以1龄最敏感,其中揭阳霉素对3龄幼虫的LC₅₀是1龄的12.9倍。揭阳霉素对雌成虫24 h、48 h的LC₅₀分别是3.12×10^-3 g/L和2.08×10^-3 g/L,其对美 洲斑潜蝇取食、产卵拒避持效期分别是4-8天和10天。使用浓度0.005 g/L揭阳霉素处理6天、8天和10天后接虫,幼虫的存活率分别是0、16.13%和28.07%。田间使用浓度0.005 g/L的揭 阳霉素和0.0045 g/L几的害极灭分别处理,6天后的校正虫口减退率分别为91.0%和90.9%,两者差异不显著,而使用浓度0.0067 g/L揭阳霉素处理,6天后校正虫口减退率为93.6%。     

玫烟色拟青霉对小菜蛾致病力的时间-剂量-死亡率模型模拟

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella是我国南方十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫,已对田间常用的化学杀虫剂产生了严重的抗性。为寻找有效的小菜蛾生物防治措施,本实验研究了一株分离自家白蚁的玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (SCAU-PFCF01)对小菜蛾2～4龄幼虫的致病力。实验采用浸液法,供试浓度为1×10³、1×10⁴、1×10⁵、1×10⁶和1×10⁷个孢子/mL。结果表明：随玫烟色拟青霉孢子浓度的升高,小菜蛾的感病死亡率增加,在浓度为1×10⁷ /mL时,小菜蛾2、3和4龄幼虫的累计死亡率分别为96%、85%和80%。玫烟色拟青霉对小菜蛾各龄幼虫的致病力与供试龄期有关,其感病的敏感顺序为2龄、3龄和4龄。用时间 剂量 死亡率模型（time-dose-mortality model,TDM）对各龄幼虫的致病力数据进行模拟,所建模型均顺利通过Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合异质性检验,表明模型拟合良好,并由模型估计出了该菌株对小菜蛾各龄幼虫的致死剂量与致死时间。2龄幼虫接种后第7天、3龄幼虫接种后第5天、4龄幼虫接种后第4天的LC₅₀估计值分别为1.17×10⁴、1.44×10⁴和5.21×10⁴ /mL,LC₉₀估计值分别为1.98×10⁶、3.82×10⁷和1.29×10⁸ /mL。玫烟色拟青霉对小菜蛾幼虫的致死时间与浓度相关,供试各龄幼虫的LT₅₀值随着孢子悬浮液浓度的增加而递减,在1×10⁵～1×10⁷ /mL的范围内,2龄幼虫的LT₅₀值从3.16天降低到1.72天,3龄幼虫的LT₅₀从3.21天降低到1.83天,4龄幼虫的LT₅₀从3.69天降低到2.04天。即2龄幼虫致死所需的时间最短,其次为3龄幼虫,4龄幼虫致死所需的时间最长。结果显示了该株玫烟色拟青霉在小菜蛾的生物防治中具较强的应用潜力。     

Mtx Toxins Synergize Bacillus sphaericus and Cry11Aa against Susceptible and Insecticide-Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

Two mosquitocidal toxins (Mtx) of Bacillus sphaericus, which are produced during vegetative growth, were investigated for their potential to increase toxicity and reduce the expression of insecticide resistance through their interactions with other mosquitocidal proteins. Mtx-1 and Mtx-2 were fused with glutathione S-transferase and produced in Escherichia coli, after which lyophilized powders of these fusions were assayed against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Both Mtx proteins showed a high level of activity against susceptible C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of Mtx-1 and Mtx-2 of 0.246 and 4.13 μg/ml, respectively. The LC₅₀s were 0.406 to 0.430 μg/ml when Mtx-1 or Mtx-2 was mixed with B. sphaericus, and synergy improved activity and reduced resistance levels. When the proteins were combined with a recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis strain that produces Cry11Aa, the mixtures were highly active against Cry11A-resistant larvae and resistance was also reduced. The mixture of two Mtx toxins and B. sphaericus was 10 times more active against susceptible mosquitoes than B. sphaericus alone, demonstrating the influence of relatively low concentrations of these toxins. These results show that, similar to Cyt toxins from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Mtx toxins can increase the toxicity of other mosquitocidal proteins and may be useful for both increasing the activity of commercial bacterial larvicides and managing potential resistance to these substances among mosquito populations.     

甜菜夜蛾不同世代对氯氟氰菊酯抗性减退及多功能氧化酶系活性变化

在室内用人工饲料连续饲养和未用药剂筛选条件下,测定了采自田间对氯氟氰菊酯产生高水平抗性甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)种群的抗药性及其多功能氧化酶系活性的变化情况。用点滴法测定不同世代3龄幼虫抗性结果为：室内F₁代LD₅₀值为 0.9672 μg/头,抗性倍数为4 836.0倍,以后各世代逐渐降低,至F₄₃代LD₅₀值为0.0325μg/头,抗性倍数为162.5倍,抗性水平下降了29.8倍。用浸叶法测定不同世代3龄幼虫抗性结果为：室内F₁代LC₅₀值为185.6 mg/L,抗性倍数为964.7倍,以后各世代也逐渐降低,至F₄₃代LC₅₀值为9.2 mg/L,抗性倍数为47.8倍,抗性水平下降了20.2倍。与敏感品系相比,该田间种群室内饲养至F₄₃代仍处于较高的抗性水平,抗性减退缓慢,很难恢复到敏感水平。测定甜菜夜蛾田间种群室内F₂、F₂₀和F₄₁代及敏感品系5龄幼虫中肠微粒体甲氧试卤灵-O-脱甲基酶、乙氧试卤灵-O-脱乙基酶、芳香基羟基化酶及艾氏剂环氧化酶活性,结果表明：与敏感品系相比,田间种群甲氧试卤灵-O-脱甲基酶和艾氏剂环氧化酶的活性仅F₂代显著较高,F₂₀和F₄₁代差异不显著,乙氧试卤灵-O-脱乙基酶和芳香基羟基化酶的活性F₂、F₂₀和F₄₁代均显著较高。结果提示甜菜夜蛾抗性水平可能与其体内微粒体多功能氧化酶系活性有密切关系。     

Single nucleotide deletion of cqm1 gene results in the development of resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in Culex quinquefasciatus

The entomopathogen Bacillus sphaericus is one of the most effective biolarvicides used to control the Culex species of mosquito. The appearance of resistance in mosquitoes to this bacterium, however, remains a threat to its continuous use in integrated mosquito control programs. Previous work showed that the resistance to B. sphaericus in Culex colonies was associated with the absence of the 60-kDa binary toxin receptor (Cpm1/Cqm1), an alpha-glucosidase present in the larval midgut microvilli. In this work, we studied the molecular basis of the resistance developed by Culex quinquefasciatus to B. sphaericus C3-41. The cqm1 genes were cloned from susceptible (CqSL) and resistant (CqRL/C3-41) colonies, respectively. The sequence of the cDNA and genomic DNA derived from CqRL/C3-41 colony differed from that of CqSL one by a one-nucleotide deletion which resulted in a premature stop codon, leading to production of a truncated protein. Recombinant Cqm1S from the CqSL colony expressed in Escherichia coli specifically bound to the Bin toxin and had α-glucosidase activity, whereas the Cqm1R from the CqRL/C3-41 colony, with a deletion of three quarters of the receptor’s C-terminal lost its α-glucosidase activity and could not bind to the binary toxin. Immunoblotting experiments showed that Cqm1 was undetectable in CqRL/C3-41 larvae, although the gene was correctly transcribed. Thus, the cqm1R represents a new allele in C. quinquefasciatus that confers resistance to B. sphaericus.