不同采收期荔枝草中黄酮成分含量的动态变化研究

目的:为荔枝草的最佳采收期提供实验依据。方法:采用Lichrospher C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);0.5%的甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,柱温:25℃,检测波长342nm。结果:高车前苷与假荆芥属苷分别在0.0472～0.472μg(r=0.9999)和0.0275～0.275μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系。结论:该方法简单,结果准确可靠,重现性好。荔枝草在5月上旬未开花前黄酮含量积累达到最大,可参考作为荔枝草药材的最佳采收期。     

不同采收期水栀子果实中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ和栀子苷含量变化研究

建立水栀子药材中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)含量测定的方法,研究不同采收期的水栀子药材中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ和栀子苷含量的变化趋势。西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量测定采用80%甲醇超声提取,通过UPLC-DAD法测定。色谱条件:Aglient Pro120 EC-C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱,以水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,0~5 min,5%~20%B;5~17 min,20%~27%B;柱温15℃,流速0.8m L/min,检测波长440 nm。栀子苷含测采用《中国药典》2015年版一部栀子项下的含量测定方法检测。通过实验,红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ分别在49.5560~955.6000 ng、5.9045~1180.9000 ng线性范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996、r=0.9998),平均回收率分别为98.17%、99.67%(n=9)。表明建立的西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量测定方法简便,稳定性、重复性、分离度均好;随着采收期的延长,样本中西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ的含量逐步增加,而栀子苷含量先降低后再逐步增加到一个平衡值。本研究为水栀子药材最佳采收期的确定提供了实验依据。     

不同采收期罗布麻和白麻药材化学成分的差异分析

建立高效液相色谱法,分别测定不同采收期的新疆产罗布麻和白麻药材中绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、三叶豆苷、紫云英苷、芦丁和白麻苷的含量,进而分析2种药材的最佳采收期。发现不同采收期的新疆产罗布麻和白麻药材中绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、三叶豆苷、紫云英苷、芦丁和白麻苷的含量存在一定差异,并且罗布麻和白麻呈现出不同特点。以《中国药典》中罗布麻含量测定项下的金丝桃苷为指标,罗布麻和白麻的最佳采收期都是6、7月;但是,以7个成分的总含量和6个黄酮的总含量为指标,罗布麻的最佳采收期是8、9月,白麻的最佳采收期仍是6、7月。该结果可为确定罗布麻和白麻药材的采收时间提供一定参考。     

蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品氨基酸成分分析

目的比较蔓荆子野生品及不同采收期栽培品中氨基酸成分及含量。方法色谱柱3μm×4.6 mm×60 mm,缓冲液流量0.4 m1.min-1,茚三酮流量0.3 m1.min-1,分析时间30 min。结果蔓荆子生药材中检出17种氨基酸,野生与栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为32.5 g.kg-1和46.5 g.kg-1,8月下旬、10月中旬、12月中旬3个采收期栽培蔓荆子中氨基酸总量分别为44.7 g.kg-1、47.5 g.kg-1和47.2 g.kg-1。结论蔓荆子中氨基酸总量与其生长环境及方式有关,栽培品质量优于野生品;不同采收期蔓荆子中氨基酸总量无明显差异。     

威灵仙药材中三萜苷元齐墩果酸含量的HPLC测定

为探索可用于威灵仙药材质量控制的三萜苷元齐墩果酸HPLC含量测定方法,用HPLC法测定了威灵仙药材中齐墩果酸含量。色谱柱:Kromasil C18(4.6×150 mm,5μm),检测波长:220 nm,流动相:甲醇-水(95:5),流速:0.5 mL/min。齐墩果酸在0.004~0.015 mg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为:Y=437954101.73X 144588.26(R=0.9991),平均回收率为:98.33%,RSD=1.76%。样品中齐墩果酸含量分别为:东北铁线莲0.2281%;威灵仙0.1260%、棉团铁线莲0.1851%。本方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于对威灵仙中齐墩果酸的含量进行测定。     

疏毛吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量的动态变化

目的:测定不同采收期疏毛吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量,为合理采收提供科学依据。方法:用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm);流动相:乙腈∶水(体积比49∶51);流速:1 mL/min;柱温:常温;检测波长:225 nm。结果:疏毛吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量在8月底即果实呈黄绿色未开裂前最高。结论:疏毛吴茱萸的最佳采收期为果实呈黄绿色未开裂前。     

栽培川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分的测定方法和动态积累研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法对川西獐牙菜中6种药用成分不同生长期的含量进行了测定.色谱柱为Kro-masilC18 250mm×4.60mm,5μm ,流动相为甲醇-0.02%的磷酸水溶液,检测波长260nm.该方法具有很好的线性关系和回收率.结果显示,川西獐牙菜全草的最佳采收期为9月中旬 花果期 .     

野生多叶棘豆中芦丁的动态积累规律

目的：为确定野生多叶棘豆的最佳采收期提供实验依据.方法：采用高效液相色谱法对不同采收期野生多叶棘豆中芦丁含量进行测定,考察其指标成分芦丁的含量变化趋势.结果：多叶棘豆中芦丁的动态积累有一定规律.在7月末8月初以前其芦丁含量有上升趋势,8月初以后其芦丁含量逐渐下降.结论：为保证药材的质量,根据多叶棘豆中有效成分的动态积累规律,有必要在其最佳采收期采集药材.     

遮荫对3年生东北铁线莲生长特性及品质的影响

采用人工遮荫的方法,研究了遮荫处理(全光照CK、遮荫30%、50%、70%和90%)对东北铁线莲生长特性和品质的影响。结果表明:东北铁线莲株高随着遮荫梯度的增加而增高;30%遮荫处理茎粗最粗,根茎生物最高,与其它处理差异显著;而茎生物量、叶生物量则是30%遮荫处理与CK、70%和90%处理差异显著;东北铁线莲各器官生物量对光照强度的响应不同,表现为根茎生物量比、根冠比随着光照强度的减弱而降低,茎生物量比和叶生物量比则随着光照的减弱而增加,说明在遮荫的条件下,东北铁线莲优先将生物量分配给茎和叶,用来增加叶面积,以便于接受更多的光能,维持自身的生长发育。东北铁线莲光合色素含量随着遮荫梯度的增加而增加,90%遮荫下的东北铁线莲叶片光合色素含量最高,与其他处理差异显著;相反叶绿素a/b的值却最低;尤其是3年生东北铁线莲叶片中叶绿素 b含量随着光照强度的减弱而升高,能够使东北铁线莲充分吸收散射光,保持较强的光合能力。30%遮荫处理东北铁线莲净光合速率为10.86 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1,显著高于其它处理;随着光照强度的减弱东北铁线莲Gs先增加后降低,Ci则是先降低后增加,30%遮荫处理与其它处理间差异显著,但随着遮荫梯度的增加,东北铁线莲的净光合速率降低,光合作用合成产物总量减少,导致70%和90%遮荫条件下生物量较低;遮荫不利于东北铁线莲有效成分齐墩果酸的积累,不同处理,东北铁线莲齐墩果酸含量差异较大,以全光照和30%遮荫处理齐墩果酸含量较高,与其它处理间差异显著。因此,在生产实践上,对其进行适度遮荫,既保证东北铁线莲药材的质量,又提高药材产量;同时,若不以采收种子为目的,建议在8月份以后采收东北铁线莲药材。     

栽培藏药材麻花艽中四种苦苷类成分含量的季节性变化

采用高效液相色谱法,测定了栽培藏药材麻花艽根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种苦苷类成分的含量及其在不同生长期的动态变化。结果表明,四种苦苷类成分随植物的发育节律而波动。龙胆苦苷的含量是评价药材质量的重要指标。龙胆苦苷的含量虽然在7月有个积累的高峰期,但7月为花期,从资源可持续利用的角度考虑,不宜定为采收期,到9月含量又有所增加,故而确定栽培藏药麻花艽根的适宜采收期应在9~10月之间。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism