运动员剧烈运动后血中应激免疫抑制蛋白的产生

我们曾经报道,大鼠或小鼠在束缚应激后血中产生了一种能抑制免疫功能的应激免疫抑制蛋白,（又称Ｎｅｕ－ｒｏｉｍｍｕｎｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＮＩＰ,神经免疫蛋白）。本工作证明,运动员在大运动量的训练后血清中也产生一种能抑制淋巴细胞转化的物质,它的生化特性及分子量与前述大鼠和小鼠中的应激免疫抑制蛋白相同。在体外实验中,应激大鼠的血清培养人淋巴结细胞,获得了与大鼠实验相同的结果,即人淋巴结细胞也能产生应激免疫抑制蛋白。同时小鼠束缚应激的血清和大运动量的人类血清可以分别抑制人正常淋巴细胞和正常小鼠由ＣｏｎＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化,以上结果表明,这种应激免疫抑制蛋白的种属特异性不强。     

异色瓢虫卵黄蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

【目的】为了能准确地追踪异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)卵黄原蛋白（vitellogenin, Vg）的合成、转运途径和吸收方式,以及卵黄蛋白（vitellin, Vn）在卵母细胞内的积累及分布情况,本研究对异色瓢虫的Vn进行了单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody, McAb）的制备。【方法】以异色瓢虫Vn免疫BLAB/C小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术,经过3次亚克隆筛选,制备能稳定分泌抗Vn的单克隆抗体。【结果】实验获得4株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,即5E2, 5E11, 1E9和5H8。其中1E9, 5E11和5E2亚型均为IgG1,5H8亚型为IgM。Western blot免疫印迹分析显示,4株单克隆抗体可以特异性地识别Vn,而与雄虫血淋巴无反应。其中,5E2和1E9可以与异色瓢虫抗原的4个亚基发生较强的免疫反应,结合腹水制备前上清效价检测结果最终选取5E2制备单克隆抗体。5E2单克隆抗体的效价为1∶81 000,SDS-PAGE分析显示5E2重链和轻链的分子量分别为50和27 kD。【结论】本实验成功制备出一株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,为建立酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法测定其动态变化奠定了基础。     

鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体抑制裸鼠移植人胰腺癌体内研究

目的：初步研究鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体对胰腺癌体内给药的抗肿瘤活性,为hMIC-l抗体应用于肿瘤治疗提供实验依据。方法2种人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1和SW1990各腋窝皮下接种24只Balb/c裸鼠,共计48只皮下接种荷瘤裸鼠分别随机共分为8组,每组6只荷瘤鼠。模型对照组荷瘤裸鼠腹腔注射0.9％氯化钠注射液（10 mL/kg,NS,Biw,ip ×8）,阳性对照组荷瘤裸鼠腹腔注射键择（50 mg/kg,qw,ip ×4）,鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体组分别荷瘤鼠尾静脉内注射鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体（10 mg/kg,Biw,ip ×8）共4周或（2 mg/kg,Biw,ip ×8）共4周。观察荷瘤裸鼠日常表现、肿瘤生长、实验后肿瘤组织切片HE染色后光镜下的组织形态学改变。结果荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉内注射鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体组裸鼠（10 mg/kg,Biw,iv ×8）肿瘤生长缓慢,瘤体明显小于模型对照组,并呈现量效关系。镜下观察鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体组实验后肿瘤组织切片胰腺结构破坏,有大量淋巴细胞浸润,肿瘤细胞明显坏死,细胞溶解。结论尾静脉内注射鼠抗人hMIC-l单克隆抗体（10 mg/kg,Biw,iv ×8）能有效抑制裸鼠移植人胰腺癌PANC-1肿瘤生长,使瘤组织坏死、结构破坏。     

砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

探讨藏药砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.通过小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制动物模型,应用砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠进行治疗,采用MTT比色法检测免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和放免法测定其血清IL-2和TNF-α水平.结果表明:与模型对照组比较,砂生槐水提取物三个剂量组均可协同ConA促进免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖(P＜0.01),同时提高免疫抑制小鼠血清IL-2、,INF-α的水平,尤其2.4 g/kg·d剂量组的IL-2、TNF-α水平升高较为明显(P＜0.05).提示砂生槐水提取物可以增强免疫抑制小鼠的T细胞免疫功能.     

BALB/C鼠冷诱导RNA结合蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

为了获得冷诱导RNA结合蛋白（CIRP）的单克隆抗体,本通过RT-PCR 方法从冷处理BALB/C小鼠睾丸的总RNA中扩增获得CIRP基因序列,克隆至pGEM-T载体,获得重组质粒pGEM-CIRP,并进行序列测定。将测序正确的CIRP序列插入质粒pQE-30-Xa,构建表达载体pQE-30-CIRP并转化E.coli M15,IPTG 诱导后SDS-PAGE分析表明CIRP基因在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达, 可溶性分析表明CIRP融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达。采用Ni-NTA亲和层析、电洗脱纯化融合蛋白CIRP,将纯化的蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠,三次免疫后,间接ELISA测定小鼠效价,效价为1:105,采用杂交瘤技术融合,用间接ELISA法、有限稀释法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,通过Western blot对McAb特异性进行鉴定,利用间接ELISA方法对McAb的Ig亚类(型)、杂交瘤细胞上清、腹水效价进行测定。结果获得了1A6、2D3、3C5及4C4 4株稳定分泌CIRP McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,1A6、3C5、4C4产生的单克隆抗体亚类均为IgG2b,2D3产生的单抗亚类为IgG3,轻链均属κ链。4株单克隆细胞上清效价均在1:103以上,腹水效价均达1:107以上。Western-blot分析4株单抗均能与重组蛋白CIRP特异性结合,与空载体对照没有反应。以3C5细胞株的腹水为一抗,检测冷应激小鼠多种组织中天然CIRP蛋白表达,结果显示3C5细胞腹水能识别心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、睾丸等多种组织中天然CIRP,并与能之与结合。这证明该抗体具有良好特异性和结合活性,制备的单克隆抗体可以用于深入开展CIRP的功能性和应用性研究。     

PML coiled-coil结构域与RAN结合蛋白9相互作用的验证

目的验证前髓细胞性白血病的卷曲螺旋结构域（PML—C）和RAN结合蛋白9（RANBP9）之间的相互作用。方法构建分别表达诱饵蛋白PML—C和靶蛋白RANBP9的载体pGBKT7-PML-C和pACT2-RANBP9,然后转人酵母AH109,培养3～5d后对其是否有胞内相互作用进行检测。将目的片断PML-C和RANBP9再次构建于真核生物表达载体pCMV—HA和pCMV—myc里,然后共转染人胚肾293细胞里（HEK293）,最后对其是否有体外相互作用通过免疫共沉淀和免疫印迹进行分析。结果在共转化了质粒pGBKT7-PML—C和pACT2-RANBP9的AH109酵母平板里观察到蓝色菌落生长。用抗HA多克隆抗体对共转染过重组质粒的HEK293细胞的蛋白提取物进行免疫共沉淀,再用抗myc单克隆抗体作为一抗进行免疫印迹,最终检测出融合蛋白myc—RANBP9条带。结论酵母双杂交实验验证了PML—C和RANBP9之间存在胞内相互作用,同时免疫共沉淀实验也从体外验证了它们之间的相互作用。     

手术应激与免疫抑制

手术前后时期的心理应激和生理应激均可抑制细胞免疫功能,主要表现为T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤（natural killer,NK）细胞的数量减少和活性减弱。手术创伤越大,对免疫的抑制作用越强,因而对手术后的痊愈有明显影响。一般而言,手术应激所致的免疫抑制可以恢复,恢复的时间主要取决干手术创伤的大小。目前认为,手术引起免疫抑制的机制主要与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴、交感神经系统、细胞因子、阿片肽和T细胞信号分子有关。选用某些不具有免疫抑制作用的止痛药物,以及蛋白酶抑制剂,可以防治手术应激所致的免疫抑制作用。     

罗汉果多糖对环磷酰胺所致的免疫 抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

该研究将小鼠随机分成正常组,模型组,罗汉果多糖低、中、高剂量组(25、50、100 mg·kg~(-1))和左旋咪唑组,采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(20 mg·kg~(-1))建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,连续灌胃给药14 d后,测定各组小鼠的免疫器官指数、廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α)、T和B淋巴细胞增殖水平、耳肿胀度、半数溶血值(HC50)以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,并观察脾组织病理形态变化,考察罗汉果多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明:罗汉果多糖各剂量组(25、50、100 mg·kg~(-1))均能显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫器官指数、半数溶血值(HC_(50))、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,明显降低耳肿胀度,显著增加IgG、IgM、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。罗汉果多糖中、高剂量组(50、100 mg·kg~(-1))能显著增强T淋巴细胞增殖能力,明显增加廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α)。脾组织病理学观察结果表明,罗汉果多糖可以减轻免疫抑制小鼠脾脏的病理损伤。这表明罗汉果多糖能明显增强环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。     

天门冬多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

为探讨天门冬多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫调节作用,本实验建立环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型。通过称重计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数;MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应;双抗夹心ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中IL-2和IL-4水平,测定天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果表明天门冬多糖能够提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数,在ConA或者LPS刺激下提高T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,提高血清中IL-2和IL-4水平。天门冬多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠有一定的保护作用。     

LYVE-1和D2—40在检测早期宫颈鳞状细胞癌和癌前病变微淋巴管中的研究

目的对比分析两种常用的淋巴内皮细胞标记分子LYVE-1和D2—40在检测宫颈癌癌前病变和早期宫颈鳞状细胞癌（简称鳞癌）组织中微淋巴管的异同,结合临床资料分析其与宫颈鳞癌的临床分期,淋巴转移和病理特点之间的关系。方法采用SP法检测抗人淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体-1（1ymphatic Vesselendothelial HAreceptor-1,LYVE-1）多克隆抗体和D2—40单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色分别检测22例宫颈癌癌前病变和36例早期宫颈鳞癌组织中的淋巴管密度（lympatie vessel density,LVD）,图像分析系统统计LVD的水平。结果 1.两种标记分子检测均发现在宫颈癌前病变和早期鳞癌中LVD随着疾病的进展而显著增加（P〈0．001）,同时均发现LVD与盆腔淋巴结状态密切相关。2．对比两种分子染色效果,两种标记分子各有优劣,联合起来使用更为可靠。结论 LYVE-1和D2-40结合使用能更准确反应宫颈淋巴管的情况,宫颈癌前病变和早期宫颈癌组织中高淋巴管分布与淋巴转移和肿瘤分期有关。     

A study of lymphocyte subsets in human normal tonsil and lymph node

A series of T and B lymphocyte specific monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the localization of lymphocyte subpopulation in frozen and paraffin tissue sections of human normal tonsil and lymph node by means of immunocytochemical technique. In the paracortical and interfollicular area of tonsil and lymph node, most lymphocytes reacted with Leu 1, Leu 3 a, Leu 4 and OKT4. The numbers of Leu 2 a and OKT8 positive cells were rare in tissue. These cells were not only limited in paracortical area, they also appeared in considerable numbers in medullary cords of lymph nodes. Leu 2 a and OKT 8 positive cells decreased with prominent follicular hyperplasia of tonsils. In addition, substantial leu 3 a and Leu 4 cells were found in the germinal centers. This finding supports the importance of these lymphocyte subsets in regulation of human immune response. In the mantle zone of secondary follicles, the majority of lymphocytes were positive for OKB 2 and BA 1, whereas, the IgM positive cells were predominately observed in the cytoplasma and extracellular substance of B lymphocytes in the germinal centers, but the lymphocytes bearing sIgM were rarely observed. In the mantle zone, the IgM were frequently found on the surface of membrane of small lymphocytes, however, the staining intensity was much than that in the germinal centers.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues using monoclonal antibodies immunoreactive with non-lymphoid cells

Immunoperoxidase methods were used to study human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to non-lymphoid cells. The majority of peripheral blood monocytes were immunoreactive for LeuM1, LeuM2, LeuM3 and LeuM5. Rare peripheral blood monocytes were immunoreactive for R4/23. The different antibodies showed characteristic patterns of immunoreactivity in peripheral lymphoid tissues. LeuM1 was immunoreactive with scattered cells in the paracortex of lymph node and tonsil and with many cells in the marginal zone of the spleen. LeuM2 was immunoreactive with endothelial cells in lymph node and tonsil. A few cells in the red pulp of the spleen were immunoreactive for LeuM2. LeuM3 and R4/23 showed distinctive immunoreactivity in germinal centers of secondary follicles, giving a "lacy" pattern. LeuM3 was also immunoreactive with endothelium in lymph node and tonsil and with sinus lining cells in lymph node. LeuM5 was immunoreactive with macrophages in the germinal center, fibroblastic reticulum cells in the mantle zone and interdigitating reticulum cells in the paracortex of lymph node and tonsil.     

M241 (CD1) expression on B lymphocytes

The human thymus leukemia-like antigens (CD1a-c) consist of three similar glycoproteins found on subpopulations of normal thymocytes, T cell acute leukemias, and cutaneous dendritic cells. The CD1c antigen recognized by the M241 monoclonal antibody was detected on the circulating mononuclear cells of three children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). Two-color immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that M241 expression (43 to 95%) was limited to cells expressing the B cell-restricted antigens B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), and surface immunoglobulin. To confirm M241 expression on normal cells of the B lineage rather than aberrant expression limited to SCID B cells, its expression was demonstrated serologically and biochemically on purified B cells from spleen, tonsil, and peripheral blood. Parallel analyses with monoclonal antibodies NA1/34 and 4A76 demonstrated that the CD1a and CD1b molecules were negative on all B cells that were studied. It has been hypothesized that the CD1 molecules represent the human counterpart of the murine thymus leukemia antigens due to their similar size, limited tissue distribution, and association with beta 2-microglobulin. This study suggests that a subset of CD1 antigens detected by M241 (CD1c) may represent a human analog of a murine Qa antigen due to its extended distribution on normal peripheral B cells.     

On the spontaneous adherence of myelin basic protein to T lymphocytes.

We have applied a double tagging system in order to study whether purified myelin basic protein is able to adhere to normal human peripheral T lymphocytes without the need to purify cells. Evaluation of myelin basic protein adherence to peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined with biotinylated myelin basic protein and fluoresceinated avidin, and lymphocyte population was identified by the corresponding phycoerythrinated monoclonal antibody. The observed adherence of myelin basic protein to T lymphocytes was found to depend on protein conformation.     

Distribution of cells bearing the Tac antigen during ontogeny of human lymphoid tissue

The monoclonal antibody anti-Tac, which binds to the interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, was used to identify this antigen in human fetal and adult lymphoid tissue. Liver, spleen, thymus, lymph node, and peripheral blood were examined for Tac-positive cells with the use of frozen sections or cytocentrifuge preparations. The results show that cells in the fetal and neonatal thymus express the Tac antigen; these cells are predominantly located in the medulla. The liver and spleen of both fetus and adult exhibit very few Tac-positive cells. Double staining demonstrates that cells bearing the Tac-antigen stain with Leu-4, an anti-T cell antibody. In adult lymph node tissue, the Tac-bearing cells are predominantly distributed in the interfollicular area, with positive cells also present in the germinal center and mantle zone. The Tac antigen is present on both T and B cells. Few Tac-positive cells are present in the circulating peripheral blood.     

Human follicular dendritic cells express CR1, CR2, and CR3 complement receptor antigens

The expression of complement receptors by human follicular dendritic cells (FDC) was investigated by immunohistochemical techniques by using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to antigenic determinants of CR1, CR2, and CR3. Upon optical immunohistochemical examination of frozen sections from human reactive lymph nodes and tonsils by a three-step immunoperoxidase technique, a strong staining of cell bodies and cytoplasmic extensions of FDC was observed in germinal centers with anti-CR1 and anti-CR2 antibodies. Staining for these antigens was also found on cytoplasmic extensions of FDC in the mantle zone and on the plasma membrane of B cells in the entire follicles. Staining of FDC with anti-CR2 antibody was more intense than that of B lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of the alpha-chain of CR3 weakly stained FDC in follicles in a similar pattern to that which was observed on adjacent sections with mouse monoclonal antibody KIM4 that only recognizes FDC in human lymph nodes. Immunoelectron-microscopy was performed on frozen sections of a lymph node involved with a centroblastic centrocytic B malignant lymphoma and a reactive tonsil with the use of rabbit F(ab')2 anti-CR1 antibodies and mouse monoclonal anti-CR2 antibody. All the plasma membrane of the cell body and cytoplasmic extensions of FDC in germinal centers and in the mantle zones homogeneously stained for CR1 and CR2 antigens. Fibroblastic reticulum cells were negative. The plasma membrane of tumoral B lymphocytes strongly stained with anti-CR1 and weakly stained with anti-CR2 antibodies. The presence of CR1, CR2, and CR3 on FDC is a unique surface characteristic of these cells that should optimally allow the cells to bind antigen/antibody complexes bearing any type of C3 fragment.     

Demonstration of cells bearing the OKT6 determinant in human tonsil and lymph node

An immunoperoxidase study was carried out on human tonsil (15 specimens) and human lymph node (5 specimens) using OKT6, a monoclonal antibody which was raised against a determinant on immature thymocytes. OKT6-positive cells were identified in the crypt epithelium of all tonsils examined and in occasional clusters in the interfollicular areas of two lymph nodes. OKT6 has recently been shown to react with epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans' cells). This study confirms that OKT6-reactive cells may be found outside the thymus. The pattern of staining obtained suggests that OKT6 reactivity belongs to a dendritic subpopulation. The significance of the finding in relation to physiology and pathology is discussed. These physiological findings may also be relevant to the immunotherapy of T-cell lymphomas.     

Identification of smooth muscle-derived foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque of human aorta with monoclonal antibody IIG10

We have developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically interacts with a surface antigen of human fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The antibody (antibody IIG10) recognizes a polypeptide of molecular mass 330,000, revealed by immunoblotting in fibroblast and smooth muscle cell extract, but not in vascular endothelial cells, peritoneal macrophages, peripheral blood lymphocytes nor hepatocytes. In tissue sections the antibody stained smooth muscle cells of myometrium, aorta and smaller blood vessels, and fibroblasts of connective tissue. Specificity of the antibody was further confirmed by double staining of aorta sections. Antibody IIG10 was used to identify smooth muscle-derived foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque of human aorta.