不同型犬腺病毒纤突蛋白基因序列的比较分析

根据已发表的CAV纤突基因序列,用PCR方法,对4个CAV-2毒株和4个CAV-1毒株的纤突基因进行了扩增和测序,测定的核苷酸序列经推导得到分别编码543和542个氨基酸的CAV纤突蛋白全序列.测定的CAV2比较表明我国流行的CAV-2 SY强毒株与国外标准强毒株Toronto A26/61株柏同,其驯化致弱的毒株与驯化前相比在1134位发生碱基颠换.测定的CAV-1比较表明我国流行的CAV-1株与标准强毒RI261株差异相对较大,而国内CAV-1毒株互相之间相对差别较小.CAV-2与CAV-1纤突基因的同源性为80.48%.     

广西壮族自治区HIV-1流行毒株的基因序列测定和亚型分析

使用ＰＣＲ技术对１４份广西ＨＩＶ－１阳性感染者外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）样品进行扩增,获得ＨＩＶ－１膜蛋白（ｅｎｖ）基因的核酸片段,并对其Ｃ２－Ｖ３及邻区３５０－４５０个核苷酸序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,１４份样品中９份为泰国Ｂ（Ｂ′）亚型,５份为Ｅ亚型毒株。其中Ｂ′亚型毒株的基因离散率为４．２％,与Ａ－Ｅ参考亚型及部分Ｂ亚型代表株序列相比较,与包括泰国、缅甸及云南德宏在内的Ｂ亚型毒株序列十分接近,相互之间基因离散率在３．０％－４．４％的范围内;而Ｅ亚型毒株的基因离散率为２．１％,与国际Ｅ亚型毒株的基因离散率最近,为５．６％,与其它国际参考亚型基因离散率很远,在２１．１％－２７．３％。根据以上数据及其它资料提示,广西存在Ｂ′和Ｅ两种亚型的ＨＩＶ－１的流行,且其Ｂ′亚型毒株的传入,与流行在云南德宏州的相同亚型ＨＩＶ－１毒株密切相关,而Ｅ亚型毒株则可能是由泰国经越南传入广西的     

广西壮族自治区HIV—1流行毒株的基因序列测定和亚型分析

使用ＰＣＲ技术对１４份广西ＨＩＶ－１阳性感染者外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）样品进行扩增,获得ＨＩＶ－１膜蛋白（ｅｎｖ）基因的核酸片段,并对其Ｃ２－Ｖ３及邻区３５０￣４５０个核苷酸序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,１４份样品中９份为泰国Ｂ（Ｂ＇）亚型,５份为Ｅ亚型毒株。其中Ｂ＇亚型毒株的基因离散率为４．２％,与Ａ－Ｅ参考亚型及部分Ｂ亚型代表株序列相比较,与包括泰国、缅甸及云南德宏在内的Ｂ亚型毒株序列十     

猪生殖—呼吸道综合征病毒（PRRSV）CH—1a株糖蛋白基因的遗传变异分析

新近发现的猪生殖－呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）是单股ＲＮＡ病毒,属于不久前成立的动脉炎病毒科,为了比较国内分离的ＣＨ－１ａ株与国外毒株的分子遗传学关系,扩增并克隆了ＰＲＲＳＶ ＣＨ－１ａ株糖蛋白基因ＯＲＦ２￣５,测定了其核苷酸序列。用序列分析软件分析了其编码产物的分子量、等电点、疏水性、抗原性和有关位点,并与国外毒株进行了序列比较和系统发育进化分析。结果表明：ＣＨ－１ａ株与ＶＲ－２３３２株尽管密     

犬冠状病毒大熊猫株纤突蛋白全基因的克隆与序列分析

在国内首次对犬冠状病毒大熊猫野毒株(CCVDXMV)纤突蛋白基因进行了克隆和序列测定。该基因全长4362bp,编码1453个氨基酸,N端前18个氨基酸为推测的信号肽序列,后1435个氨基酸构成成熟蛋白。与GenBank中已发表的11个CCV毒株s基因相比,s基因核苷酸序列同源性在40．2％-99．5％之间;推导的氨基酸序列同源性在15．9％-99．O％之间。DXMV株s基因变异区主要集中在该基因前1／2处,其中350．370、439．478、1718．1818三个区域碱基变异较大,而1060．1700区却十分保守。基于s全基因及其蛋白的聚类分析表明,DXMV株与K378、NVSL和USpatent株亲源关系最近。推导的DXMV株s蛋白氨基酸序列潜在的N-联糖基化位点与CCV强毒V54相同,为34个,比Insavc．1弱毒多一个;其中第566．568位糖基化位点为多数强毒拥有而弱毒没有的。另外,DXMV株S蛋白疏水性及抗原表位与其它毒株有一定的差异,这些差异对DXMV株致病性和免疫原性等影响尚待进一步的研究。     

猪瘟病毒石门株与兔化弱毒株gp55基因的克隆与序列分析

猪瘟病毒石门系强毒株及兔化弱毒疫苗株（ＨＣＬＶ株）是我国的标准毒株,囊膜糖蛋白ｇｐ５５（又称Ｅ１）是该病毒最重要的保护性抗原。本实验采用反转录ＰＣＲ扩增了这两个毒株的ｇｐ５５基因。序列分析结果表明：１．石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ１的氨基酸序列含有１５个半胱氨酸残基（Ｃｙｓ）,其数量及位置与国外４株猪瘟病毒（Ａｌｆｏｒｔ、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ、ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ＾－）完全一样。Ｅ１中Ｃｙｓ的数量及位置的保守性     

传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株A节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 强毒株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ） 的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 的方法得到了其Ａ 节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ 片段,分５＇端（１ ６５９ｂｐ） 和３＇端（１ ４４４ｂｐ） 上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ○Ｒ － Ｔ 载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３ １０１ ｂｐ 中含有两个阅读框ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ ,分别编码１ ０１２ 个氨基酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２ － ４ －３） 和１４５ 个氨基酸的ＶＰ５,ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ 有部分的重叠。将核苷酸序列及推测出的氨基酸序列与已报道的ＩＢＤＶ 血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型毒株的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明：Ｈ 毒株与其它血清Ⅰ型毒株之间,在核苷酸水平上存在２５ｂｐ － ２６７ｂｐ 的差异;在氨基酸水平上存在１７ ～４０ 个氨基酸的差异。在ＶＰ２ － ４ － ３ 内比较显示,Ｈ 毒株与Ｐ２ 、Ｃｕ－ １ 之间氨基酸的差异最小为１ ．７％ ,Ｈ 毒株与ＵＫ６６１ 之间氨基酸的差异最大为３ ．９ ％ 。变异主要发生在ＶＰ２ 的可变区（２０６ － ３５０ 位氨基酸） ,在Ｈ 毒株所特有的１２ 个氨基酸当中,该区就占５ 个,代表１ ．７６ ％ 的变异。ＶＰ４、ＶＰ３ 和ＶＰ５区各有     

犬冠状病毒大熊猫株纤突蛋白全基因的克隆与序列分析

在国内首次对犬冠状病毒大熊猫野毒株(CCV DXMV)纤突蛋白基因进行了克隆和序列测定.该基因全长4362bp,编码1453个氨基酸,N端前18个氨基酸为推测的信号肽序列,后1435个氨基酸构成成熟蛋白.与GenBank中已发表的11个CCV毒株S基因相比,S基因核苷酸序列同源性在40.2%～99.5%之间;推导的氨基酸序列同源性在15.9%～99.0%之间.DXMV株S基因变异区主要集中在该基因前1/2处,其中350-370、439-478、1718-1818三个区域碱基变异较大,而1060-1700区却十分保守.基于S全基因及其蛋白的聚类分析表明,DXMV株与K378、NVSL和US patent株亲源关系最近.推导的DXMV株S蛋白氨基酸序列潜在的N-联糖基化位点与CCV强毒V54相同,为34个,比Insavc-1弱毒多一个;其中第566-568位糖基化位点为多数强毒拥有而弱毒没有的.另外,DXMV株S蛋白疏水性及抗原表位与其它毒株有一定的差异,这些差异对DXMV株致病性和免疫原性等影响尚待进一步的研究.     

猪瘟病毒石门株与兔化弱毒株E0糖蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

参考已发表的猪瘟病毒序列,设计并合成了一对引物,应用ＲＴＰＣＲ 技术,扩增了猪瘟兔化弱毒（Ｈｏｇ ｃｈｏｌｅｒａ ｖｉｒｕｓ ｌａｐｉｎｉｚｅｄ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｓｔｒａｉｎ , ＨＣＬＶ） 和石门强毒株的Ｅ０ 糖蛋白基因,并将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭＴ 载体中,测定了其核苷酸序列,并推导了其氨基酸序列。结果表明我国这两株强弱不同毒株Ｅ０ 糖蛋白核苷酸序列同源性和推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为９５－０ ％ 和９４－３ ％ ,有１３ 个氨基酸的差异,ＨＣＬＶ 比石门株多了一个潜在的Ｎ糖基化位点。将我国这两株病毒与国外已报导的ＨＣＶ 毒株Ｅ０ 基因序列进行了比较,发现石门株与日本的两株毒株ＡＬＤ 和ＧＰＥ－ 同源性较高,核苷酸序列同源性分别为９７－４ ％ 和９６－５ ％ ,氨基酸同源性分别为９７－４ ％ 和９６－０ ％ ,而与欧洲Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ 株和Ａｌｆｏｒｔ 株同源性较低,核苷酸同源性分别为９２－２ ％ 和８６－５ ％ ,氨基酸同源性为９５－２ ％ 和９２－５ ％ , ＨＣＬＶ 与ＡＬＤ、ＧＰＥ－ 、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ 株核苷酸同源性分别为９５－６ ％ 、９４－９ ％ 、９１－３ ％ 、８５－５ ％ …     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E0基因的克隆及其表达研究*

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲＡ法扩增分别获得了中国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株和免化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ０基因ｃＤＮＡ,并克隆到ｐＧＥＭ Ｔ载体中测定其核着酸序列和推导出其对应氨基酸序列;结果表明这两个毒株间的Ｅ０基因核着酸序列同源性为９５．３％,氨基酸序列同源性为９４％,有１４个残基的差异;与几个代表毒株ＡＬＤ株、ＧＰＥ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株和国外测得的免化弱毒Ｃ株相应序列进行比较,所测石门病毒核苷酸序列与上述各株对应序列的同源性分别为９８．０％、９７．１％、９２．７％、８６．８％和９５．４％;氨基酸序列同源性分别为９     

虎血清犬腺病毒抗体调查

犬腺病毒（Canine adenovirus,CAV）属于腺病毒科哺乳动物腺病毒属成员,分为犬腺病毒Ⅰ型（CAV-1）和犬腺病毒Ⅱ型（CAV-2）,其中CAV-1主要引起狐狸（Vulpes vulpes）脑炎和犬（Canis familiaris）传染性肝炎（殷震和刘景华,1997;胡体拉,1963）。在国内,夏咸柱等（1984）首次分离到CAV-1,随后,多个地区的不同动物中又有相继分离到该病毒的报道（钟志宏等,1990;范泉水和袁国庆,1992;夏咸柱等,1984）。CAV-2主要引起犬的喉气管炎和幼犬咳嗽,在我国的感染也比较普遍（范泉水和夏咸柱,1999）。     

Complete genomic sequencing shows that polioviruses and members of human enterovirus species C are closely related in the noncapsid coding region

The 65 human enterovirus serotypes are currently classified into five species: Poliovirus (3 serotypes), Human enterovirus A (HEV-A) (12 serotypes), HEV-B (37 serotypes), HEV-C (11 serotypes), and HEV-D (2 serotypes). Coxsackie A virus (CAV) serotypes 1, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 24 constitute HEV-C. We have determined the complete genome sequences for the remaining nine HEV-C serotypes and compared them with the complete sequences of CAV21, CAV24, and the polioviruses. The viruses were most diverse in the capsid region (4 to 36% amino acid difference). A high degree of capsid sequence conservation (96% amino acid identity) suggests that CAV15 and CAV18 should be classified as strains of CAV11 and CAV13, respectively. In the 3CD region, CAV1, CAV19, and CAV22 differed from one another by only 1.2 to 1.4% and CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, CAV20, CAV21, CAV24, and the polioviruses differed from one another by only 1.2 to 3.6%. The two groups, however, differed from one another by 14.6 to 16.2%. The polioviruses as a group were monophyletic only in the capsid region. Only one group of serotypes (CAV1, CAV19, and CAV22) was consistently monophyletic in multiple genome regions. Incongruities among phylogenetic trees based on different genome regions strongly suggest that recombination has occurred between the polioviruses, CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, and CAV20. The close relationship among the polioviruses and CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, CAV20, CAV21, and CAV24 and the uniqueness of CAV1, CAV19, and CAV22 suggest that revisions should be made to the classification of these viruses.     

一株鸡传染性贫血病毒野毒株致病性及其全基因组序列比较

从山东某商品代肉鸡场表现生长迟缓的14日龄病鸡群分离到一株鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)C14株。C14株感染1日龄SPF鸡能抑制对禽流感病毒(AIV)的抗体反应,还能与禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)在免疫抑制上起协同作用。用PCR方法分段扩增出C14基因组的三条部分重叠片段,分别克隆于T载体并进行测序,拼接后得到其全基因组序列。测序结果表明,CAV-C14株基因组全长2298bp,含有3个互相重叠的开放阅读框和1个调控区。将C14与国内外已发表的CAV参考株基因组比较,同源性为97.2%~99.2%。序列比较表明CAV非编码区中含有的多个与复制及转录调控相关已知基序的序列都非常保守。CAV的3个编码基因VP1、VP2和VP3均有一定程度变异,以VP1变异性最大,且不同毒株间的3个蛋白质氨基酸序列的变异是互不相关的。     

小孢子链格孢endoPG基因核苷酸序列分析及系统发育研究

对供试小孢子链格孢菌株的内聚半乳糖醛酸酶(endoPG)基因进行扩增,大部分菌株都可获得PCR产物。核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较表明:不同种小孢子链格孢endoPG基因核苷酸序列存在明显差异,甚至表现在氨基酸水平,这些差异可以作为一些种如梨黑斑链格孢、长柄链格孢区分的分子性状。利用邻近结合法构建系统发育树,所有菌株被分为8个聚类组。在系统发育树上,链格孢的一些不同分离物被聚在不同组中,而细极链格孢、链格孢的部分菌株、苹果链格孢、柑橘链格孢、粗柠檬褐斑链格孢、橘树链格孢被聚为一组,显示根据形态学特征划分的这些种与分子性状的不一致性。endoPG基因核苷酸序列富于变化,为小孢子链格孢系统发育研究提供了一种有用的手段。     

A serologic survey for antibodies to three canine viruses in wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Brooks Range, Alaska

Canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) are pathogens that are typically associated with canids but may cause serious disease in a wide range of other carnivores. From 1998 to 2002, serum samples from 64 wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Brooks Range, Alaska, were tested for antibodies to CDV, CPV-2, and canine adenovirus (CAV). Four animals tested positive for antibodies to CDV (7%), one for antibodies to CPV-2 (2%), and none for antibodies to CAV. These are similar to antibody prevalence estimates for other large and medium carnivores in North America.     

Comparison of two acetylcholinesterase gene cDNAs of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, in insecticide susceptible and resistant strains

Two cDNAs encoding different acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes (AdAce1 and AdAce2) were sequenced and analyzed from the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus. Both AdAce1 and AdAce2 were highly similar (95 and 93% amino acid identity, respectively) with the Ace genes of Tribolium castaneum. Both AdAce1 and AdAce2 have the conserved residues characteristic of AChE (catalytic triad, intra-disulfide bonds, and so on). Partial cDNA sequences of the Alphitobius Ace genes were compared between two tetrachlorvinphos resistant (Kennebec and Waycross) and one susceptible strain of beetles. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, but only one non-synonymous mutation was found (A271S in AdAce2). No SNPs were exclusively found in the resistant strains, the A271S mutation does not correspond to any mutations previously reported to alter sensitivity of AChE to organophosphates or carbamates, and the A271S was found only as a heterozygote in one individual from one of the resistant A. diaperinus strains. This suggests that tetrachlorvinphos resistance in the Kennebec and Waycross strains of A. diaperinus is not due to mutations in either AChE gene. The sequences of AdAce1 and AdAce2 provide new information about the evolution of these important genes in insects.     

Deduced consensus sequence of Sindbis virus strain AR339: mutations contained in laboratory strains which affect cell culture and in vivo phenotypes.

The consensus sequence of the Sindbis virus AR339 isolate, the prototype alphavirus, has been deduced. THe results presented here suggest (i) that a substantial proportion of the sequence divergence evident between the consensus sequence and sequences of laboratory strains of AR339 has resulted from selection for efficient growth in cell culture, (ii) that many of these changes affect the virulence of the virus in animal models, and (iii) that such modified genetic backgrounds present in laboratory strains can exert a significant influence on genetic studies of virus pathogenesis and host range. A laboratory strain of Sindbis virus AR339 was sequenced and cloned as a cDNA (pTRSB) from which infectious virus (TRSB) could be derived. The consensus sequence was deduced from the complete sequences of pTRSB and HRsp (E. G. Strauss, C. M. Rice, and J. H. Strauss, Virology 133:92-110, 1984), from partial sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 laboratory strains, and by comparison with the sequences of the glycoprotein genes of three other AR339 sequence. HRsp differed form the consensus sequence by eight coding changes, and TRSB differed by three coding changes. In the 5' untranslated region, HRsp differed from the consensus sequence at nucleotide (nt) 5. These differences were likely the result of cell culture passage of the original AR339 isolate. At three of the difference loci (one in TRSB and two in HRsp), selection of cell-culture-adaptive mutations was documented with Sindbis virus or other alphaviruses. Selection in cell culture often results in attenuation of virulence in animals. Considering the TRSB and HRsp sequences together, one noncoding difference from the consensus (an A-for-G substitution in the 5' untranslated region at nt 5) and six coding differences in the glycoprotein genes (at E2 amino acids 1, 3, 70, and 172 and at E1 amino acids 72 and 237) were at loci which, either individually or in combination, significantly affected alphavirus virulence in mice. Although the levels of virulence of isogenic strains containing either nt 5 A or nt 5 G did not differ significantly in neonatal mice, the presence of nt 5 A greatly enhanced the effect of a second attenuating mutation in the E2 gene. These results suggest that minimal differences in the "wild type" genetic background into which an additional mutation is introduced can have a dramatic effect on apparent virulence and pathogenesis phenotypes. A cDNA clone of the consensus AR339 sequence, a sequence devoid of occult attenuating mutations introduced by cell culture passage, will allow the molecular genetic examination of cell culture and in vivo phenotypes of a virus which may best reflect the sequence of Sindbis virus AR339 at the time of its isolation.     

我国2009年新分离乙脑病毒全基因组序列特征研究

本研究对我国2009年新分离的两株乙脑病毒进行全基因组序列测定和分析,以了解病毒全基因组分子特征。通过RT-PCR和核苷酸序列测定方法获得病毒全基因组序列,采用ClustalX、DNASTAR、MEGA等生物学软件完成核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析和系统进化分析等。研究结果显示,新分离两株乙脑病毒YN0911和YN0967株基因组全长均为10 965个核苷酸,编码3 432个氨基酸。这2株乙脑病毒之间核苷酸同源性为98.7%,氨基酸同源性为99.8%。与国际乙脑病毒流行株相比,核苷酸同源性为83.5%～98.9%,氨基酸同源性为94.8%～99.7%。与乙脑病毒疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,在E蛋白有13个氨基酸差异位点,但都位于抗原关键位点之外。这2株病毒在3′UTR区域存在11nt缺失。基于C/PrM区段、E基因、全基因组系统进化分析结果均显示新分离2株乙脑病毒为G I乙脑病毒,并且和越南、四川、贵州、广西以往的分离株遗传进化关系较近。本研究提示我国新分离的2株乙脑病毒均为G I乙脑病毒,决定病毒毒力的关键氨基酸位点未见明显变化。     

苏云金杆菌毒素调控基因plcR的特性与表达

根据蜡状芽胞杆菌plcR基因和papR基因序列设计特异引物,对6个Bt菌株（WB1、WB7、WB9、HD98、8010、8311）及5个Bc菌株（6A1、6A2、6A3、6A4、6S1）进行了PCR检测.结果显示,3个Bt菌株及4个Bc菌株含有plcR-papR基因.克隆了Bt8010、Bc6A2和6A3的plcR、papR基因,核苷酸序列分析表明,三个菌株的plcR、papR基因与NCBI数据库中的Bt、Bc及Ba相应序列都有很高的相似性.Bt8010的plcR基因编码框由846个核苷酸组成,可编码282个氨基酸;papR基因的编码框由144个核苷酸组成,可编码48个氨基酸.推导的氨基酸序列分析表明,Bt8010 的PapR有21个氨基酸的信号肽序列,PlcR没有信号肽序列.与Bc6A2、6A3和Bc 569相比,Bt8010 的PlcR和PapR在氨基酸序列上与Bc 相应序列存在相对较大的差异.将plcR-papR基因连接到表达载体pHT304中,并转化至大肠杆菌JM109中成功进行了表达,为研究Bt plcR基因的功能奠定了基础.