急性低氧和间断低氧习服对HepG2细胞内血管内皮细胞生长因子基因表达的影响

目的:观察急性低氧和间断低氧习服对人HepG2细胞内血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及转录因子低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的mRNA和蛋白含量的影响及其可能的生物学意义.方法:HepG2细胞随机分为常氧对照组,急性低氧组和间断低氧习服组.采用Northern blot和Western blot分别检测不同组别HepG2细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α mRNA表达和蛋白含量的变化.结果:急性低氧诱导HepG2细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α基因的转录,增加两种蛋白在细胞内的含量.间断低氧习服组的细胞内VEGF和HIF-1α的mRNA含量分别为常氧对照组细胞的(108.6±17.7)%和(116.74±19.8)%,与常氧对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05);而其蛋白表达的含量分别为对照组细胞的1.4和2.7倍,都明显低于急性低氧组细胞内两种蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).结论:HepG2细胞达到低氧习服状态后,抑制急性低氧对HepG2细胞内VEGF基因表达的促进作用,其中HIF-1α可能起着重要的调节作用.     

NSCLC中低氧诱导因子-1α对血管生成素-2表达的影响

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible fac-tor-1α,HIF-1α)对血管生成素-2(angiopoietin-2)表达的影响及意义。方法免疫组化SP法检测46例NSCLC组织HIF-1α、血管生成素-2蛋白的表达;培养人肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞,CoCl2模拟缺氧处理6h、12h、24h,以及缺氧条件下不同浓度genistein处理细胞12h后,采用Western Blot和RT-PCR方法分别检测A549细胞HIF-1α蛋白和血管生成素-2 mRNA的表达情况。结果46例NSCLC中HIF-1α、血管生成素-2的阳性表达率分别为73.9%(34/46)、63.0%(29/46),明显高于癌旁肺组织(P<0.05);HIF-1α的表达与血管生成素-2的表达呈正相关。急性缺氧可以诱导A549细胞HIF-1α蛋白和血管生成素-2 mRNA表达增加,分别在6h,12h达到高峰,随着缺氧时间延长,HIF-1α蛋白和血管生成素-2 mRNA表达相对减少;genistein抑制HIF-1α蛋白后,血管生成素-2 mRNA的表达也相应减少,呈浓度依赖。结论缺氧时NSCLC中HIF-1α可参与血管生成素-2的调控,HIF-1α、血管生成素-2表达增加与肿瘤新生血管形成有关,二者共同促进NSCLC的发生发展过程。     

脂联素在高糖孵育血管内皮细胞中的表达调节

目的:探讨脂联素(APN)在高糖孵育血管内皮细胞中的表达调节及意义.方法:用不同浓度葡萄糖(5.5、11、22及33mM)孵育人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),2天后收集细胞和上清液.用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测细胞中APN、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的mRNA表达,用ELISA方法检测细胞上清液中APN和TNFα分泌情况.结果:随培养液中葡萄糖浓度的升高,HUVECs中APN的mRNA表达及上清中APN蛋白含量降低(p<0.05),TNFα的mRNA表达及上清中TNFα蛋白含量增加(p<0.05),HUVECs中PPARγ的mRNA表达降低(p<0.05),且组间比较差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论:高糖诱导血管内皮细胞保护性细胞因子APN表达分泌下降,可能是高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞功能损害的重要机制之一.     

达格列净对高渗诱导的血管内皮细胞衰老的干预研究

目的:探讨SGLT2i类药物达格列净(dapagliflozin)对高渗诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)衰老的影响。方法:将HUVECs分为空白组(Blank组)、高渗330组(M-330组)、高渗350组(M-350组)、达格列净+高渗组(DAPA+M-350组),高渗培养环境由甘露醇诱导。衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测细胞衰老情况;免疫荧光染色检测SGLT2表达变化;Western blot检测SGLT2、细胞衰老标志物p21的表达变化,JC-1染色试剂盒检测线粒体膜电位的变化。结果:免疫荧光染色和western blot结果显示,Blank组,M-330组及M-350组细胞上均存在SGLT2受体蛋白表达,且Blank组,M-330组及M-350组的SGLT2表达依次显著增加。与Blank组相比,M-350组SA-β-Gal胞质蓝染、染色阳性率、衰老蛋白p21及SGLT2表达显著增加,并伴有线粒体膜电位的显著下降(P0.05);DAPA+M-350组与M-350组相比,SA-β-Gal胞质蓝染、染色阳性率和p21表达显著下降,并伴有线粒体膜电位的显著上升(P0.05)。结论:HUVECs上存在SGLT2受体蛋白,且在300-350 m Osm/L范围内随着渗透压的升高而增加,达格列净可改善高渗所诱导的血管内皮细胞衰老,其机制可能与达格列净改善高渗导致的线粒体功能障碍有关。     

Rac1蛋白活化加速缺氧诱导的人血管内皮细胞衰老

为阐明Rac1蛋白在人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs）衰老中的作用及分子机制,我们采用持续缺氧的方法诱导内皮细胞衰老,检测缺氧前后内皮细胞衰老标志基因SA-β-Gal和PAI-1的表达、细胞周期分布和细胞增殖情况,同时分析缺氧前后细胞内Rac1蛋白的表达.结果显示,持续缺氧96 h后,HUVECs体积变大,细胞浆内颗粒和空泡增多,SA-β-Gal活性明显增加,PAI-1基因表达升高,细胞发生G1期阻滞,细胞增殖受抑,活化型Rac1蛋白表达上调,提示持续缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老可能与Rac1蛋白的活化有关.为进一步明确内皮细胞衰老与Rac1蛋白的关系,应用逆转录病毒将持续活化型Rac1（V12Rac1）和主导抑制型Rac1（N17Rac1）基因分别瞬时感染HUVECs,比较三种HUVECs（HUVECs,V12Rac1-HUVECs,N17Rac1-HUVECs）缺氧后的衰老变化,并分析其下游调控分子--血清反应因子（serum response factor,SRF）的表达和定位变化.研究发现,缺氧培养V12Rac1-HUVECs 48 h即可引起细胞衰老,表现为SA-β-Gal活性明显增加,PAI-1基因表达升高,细胞出现明显的G1期阻滞并且细胞增殖受抑,其改变与缺氧96 h的HUVECs相似;而N17Rac1明显抑制缺氧引起的内皮细胞衰老发生.上述结果说明,Rac1蛋白活化可以加速缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老,而抑制Rac1蛋白的活性则可抑制缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老.为进一步研究Rac1蛋白引起内皮细胞衰老的机制,通过免疫荧光染色及Western blot分析检测三种细胞缺氧处理后SRF的表达,发现：与HUVECs细胞比较,V12Rac1引起缺氧48 h HUVECs核蛋白中SRF的表达明显下降,SRF入核转位受到明显抑制;而N17Rac1感染后,缺氧HUVECs细胞核蛋白中SRF表达明显增多.上述结果提示：缺氧状态下Rac1蛋白活化能够明显加速HUVECs衰老,而抑制Rac1蛋白活性则明显抑制缺氧诱导的HUVECs衰老,SRF蛋白的核转位活化参与了Rac1蛋白调控HUVECs衰老的发生.     

新型蛋白酶体抑制剂YSY-01A对肿瘤细胞促血管生成作用的抑制及其机制初探

YSY-01A是一种新型蛋白酶体抑制剂,前期研究已经证实其对肿瘤细胞的增殖有抑制作用．但是它对肿瘤血管生成是否有影响尚不明确．本研究旨在探明YSY-01A阻碍肿瘤细胞促进血管生成的作用及机制．我们首先将磺酰罗丹明B(sulforhodamine B,SRB)法与细胞共培养(Transwell)模型相结合,探讨YSY-01A抑制人结肠癌细胞(HT-29 cells)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)的增殖促进作用;运用高内涵筛选(high content screening,HCS)法研究YSY-01A对HT-29细胞中NF-κB核转位的影响;利用Western blot法检测YSY-01A对HT-29细胞中缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia- inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达调控．为了观察YSY-01A对HUVEC增殖和运动有无直接抑制作用,我们采用SRB法观察YSY-01A对HUVEC的增殖抑制作用;运用HCS法分别考察YSY-01A对HUVEC的运动抑制和细胞毒作用．结果证实,YSY-01A可以阻碍HT-29细胞对HUVEC的增殖促进作用并具有浓度依赖性．YSY-01A还可抑制HT-29细胞中NF-κB的核转位,下调HIF-1α及VEGF的表达．进一步研究证实,YSY-01A能够浓度依赖地抑制HUVECs的增殖和运动,而不伴有明显的细胞毒作用．上述结果表明,YSY-01A可以通过抑制蛋白酶体活性下调肿瘤细胞中促血管生成因子的表达,进而在血管内皮细胞中发挥抗血管生成作用．     

延龄草苷对过氧化氢诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤和炎症因子表达的影响

探讨延龄草苷对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤和炎症因子表达的影响。采用MTT法和LDH活性测定观察延龄草苷对PC12细胞模型的影响,采用相关试剂盒检测活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,Western blot检测Sirt1、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达。延龄草苷(5~20μM)能够显著提高H_2O_2损伤的PC12细胞的活力,提高细胞抗氧化能力,并上调Sirt1的表达,下调NF-κB和TNF-α的表达,其保护作用可能与提高抗氧化能力,降低炎症因子损伤,调控Sirt1/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

土贝母苷甲对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡和肿瘤诱导的血管生成的影响

研究了土贝母苷甲(下称苷甲)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelialcells,HUVECs)凋亡和肿瘤诱导的血管生成的影响.包括:MTT法检测苷甲对HUVECs生长的影响;荧光显微镜观察苷甲作用下HUVECs的形态变化;流式细胞术分析苷甲对HUVECs周期及凋亡的影响:聚碳酸酯膜小室(Transwell model)趋化运动模型检测苷甲对HUVECs运动能力的影响;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(chick embryochorioallantoic membrane,CAM)试验检测苷甲对人鼻咽癌细胞(humannasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells,CNE-2Z)诱导的CAM血管生成的影响;免疫组化法检测苷甲对BALB/c裸小鼠Lewis肺癌组织微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)和血小板源生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor,PDGF)表达的影响.苷甲明显抑制HUVECs的生长,其抑制效果与剂量和作用时间相关,苷甲作用HUVECs 24、48,72 h其IC50值分别为24.2、21.4、17.9 μmol/L;苷甲作用下HUVECs发生周期阻滞,呈现典型的凋亡特征,20.0 μmol/L苷甲作用12、24、36 h HUVECs的凋亡率分别为11.4%、20.8%、25.3%;20.0 μmol/L苷甲处理HUVECs 24 h,对细胞迁移抑制率为58.4%;苷甲抑制CNE-2Z细胞诱导的CAM血管生成,并与剂量相关;苷甲应用后瘤组织MVD明显减少,VEGF、bFGF、PDGF表达下调.苷甲有明显的抑制血管生成活性,其抑制血管生成作用与诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡,抑制其运动能力,下调VEGF、bFGF和PDGF的表达有关.     

HPV-16癌蛋白促宫颈癌血管生成及其机制

多种肿瘤组织中有人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)相关癌蛋白的检出,尤其是宫颈癌活检组织中高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)癌蛋白的检出率高达95%。近年的研究发现,HR-HPV癌蛋白(特别是HPV-16E6和E7)与宫颈癌血管生成有关,其机制主要是:(1)HR-HPV癌蛋白可以增强一些血管生成促进因子,如血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)等的表达从而促进血管生成;(2)HR-HPV癌蛋白也可以降低一些血管生成抑制因子,如血小板应答蛋白(thrombospondin,TSP)、乳腺丝酶抑制蛋白(mammary serine protease inhibitor,maspin)等的表达进而使血管生成免受抑制。本文对HPV-16癌蛋白及其与宫颈癌血管生成的关系作一综述。     

ESM-1 promotes adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells under intermittent hypoxia

Intermittent hypoxia (IH), the key property of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial-cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1, Endocan) is a novel, reported molecule linked to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of IH on ESM-1 expression and the role of ESM-1 in endothelial dysfunction. We found that serum concentration of ESM-1, inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is significantly higher in patients with OSA than healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). The expression of ESM-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly increased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by treated IH in a time-dependent manner. HIF-1α short hairpin RNA and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor inhibited the expression of ESM-1 in HUVECs. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions were significantly enhanced under IH status, accompanied by increased monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion rate ( p < 0.001). Accordingly, ESM-1 silencing decreased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs, whereas ESM-1 treatment significantly enhanced ICAM-1 expression accompanied by increasing adhesion ability. ESM-1 is significantly upregulated by the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway under IH in endothelial cells, playing a critical role in enhancing adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells, which might be a potential target for IH-induced endothelial dysfunction.     

Angiogenesis by transplantation of HIF-1 alpha modified EPCs into ischemic limbs

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a key determinant of oxygen-dependent gene regulation in angiogenesis. HIF-1 alpha overexpression may be beneficial in cell therapy of hypoxia-induced pathophysiological processes, such as ischemic heart disease. To address this issue, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were induced to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and then were transfected with either an HIF-1 alpha-expressing or a control vector and cultured under normoxia or hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein expression was increased after HIF-1 alpha transfection. This was accompanied by VEGF mRNA induction and increased VEGF secretion. Hypoxia-stimulated VEGF mRNA induction was significantly abrogated by HIF-1 alpha-specific siRNA. Functional studies showed that HIF-1 alpha overexpression further promoted hypoxia-induced EPC differentiation, proliferation and migration. The expressions of endothelial cell markers CD31, VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and eNOS as well as VEGF and NO secretions were also increased. Furthermore, in an in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia, HIF-1 alpha-transfected EPCs homed to the site of ischemia. A higher revascularization potential was also demonstrated by increased capillary density at the injury site. Our results revealed that endothelial progenitor cells ex vivo modification by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha gene transfection is feasible and may offer significant advantages in terms of EPC expansion and treatment efficacy.     

稽留流产患者血清和绒毛中HIF-1alpha和VEGF表达水平及其相关性分析

目的：探讨缺氧诱导因子-1alpha（HIF-1alpha）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在稽留流产患者血清和绒毛中的表达水平及其相关性 分析。方法：选择2014 年8 月至2015 年8 月我院妇产科76 例稽留流产患者为观察组及行人工流产的60 例正常早产孕妇为对 照组;根据患者稽留流产时间将稽留流产患者分为稽留时间<2 周组（12 例）,2~4周组（33 例）,>4周组（31 例）;采用酶联免疫吸 附（ELISA）和免疫组化SP 法检测并分析患者血清与绒毛中HIF-1琢与VEGF的表达水平。结果：观察组血清中HIF-1alpha与VEGF 表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组和对照组绒毛VEGF 和HIF-1-alpha均表达,其中VEGF 主要表达 于滋养层细胞细胞质和细胞间质,HIF-1琢主要表达于滋养层细胞的细胞核与细胞质,且观察组患者绒毛HIF-1-alpha与VEGF 表达水 平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同稽留时间患者绒毛HIF--alpha与VEGF表达水平间比较,差异均无统计学意 义（P>0.05）观察组患者血清HIF-1alpha与VEGF的表达水平呈现正相关关系（r=0.601;P<0.05）;且绒毛HIF-1琢与VEGF的表达水平 也呈现正相关关系（r=0.401;P<0.05）。结论：HIF-1琢和VEGF在血清和绒毛中的低表达可能是稽留流产的发生的重要原因,临床 上可以通过检测患者血清和绒毛组织中HIF-1琢和VEGF的水平,有针对性的对患者进行监护和治疗,预防稽留流产的发生。     

MicroRNA-21介导非对称性二甲基精氨酸诱导的内皮细胞衰老

目的：观察非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）对内皮细胞中microRNA-21（miR-21）表达的影响,探讨microRNA-21在ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老中的作用。方法：人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）与10uM的ADMA孵育48小时后收集细胞提取总RNA及蛋白,荧光定量实时RT—PCR检测miR-21表达,Westernblot检测超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）表达,衰老相关半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）染色鉴定衰老的内皮细胞;然后HUVEC与miR-21抑制剂转染6小时后继续与10uM的ADMA孵育48小时留取细胞按上述方法检测相关指标。结果：HUVEC与ADMA孵育后miR-21表达量明显增加（P〈0．01）,同时衰老的内皮细胞数量增多（P〈0．05）,而SOD2表达减少（P〈0．01）;MiR-21抑制剂转染HUVEC后ADMA诱导的miR-21表达明显减少,同时衰老的内皮细胞减少,而SOD2表达明显增加（所有P〈0．01）。结论：ADMA诱导了HUVEC中miR-21表达及细胞衰老,miR-21介导了ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老作用,其机制可能与其抑制SOD2表达有关。     

Expression of hypoxia-inducible factors in the peri-implantation mouse uterus is regulated in a cell-specific and ovarian steroid hormone-dependent manner. Evidence for differential function of HIFs during early pregnancy

Increased uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis are hallmarks of implantation and placentation. These events are profoundly influenced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We previously showed that VEGF isoforms and VEGF receptors are expressed in the uterus, suggesting the role of VEGF in uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis required for implantation and decidualization. We have recently shown that estrogen promotes uterine vascular permeability but inhibits angiogenesis, whereas progesterone stimulates angiogenesis with little effect on vascular permeability. However, the mechanism of differential steroid hormonal regulation of uterine angiogenesis remains unresolved. Oxygen homeostasis is essential for cell survival and is primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). These factors are intimately associated with vascular events and induce VEGF expression by binding to the hypoxia response element in the VEGF promoter. HIFalpha isoforms function by forming heterodimers with the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) (HIF-beta) family members. There is very limited information on the relationship among HIFs, ARNTs, and VEGF in the uterus during early pregnancy, although the role of HIFs in regulating VEGF and angiogenesis in cancers is well documented. Using molecular and physiological approaches, we here show that uterine expression of HIFs and ARNTs does not correlate with VEGF expression during the preimplantation period (days 1-4) in mice. In contrast, their expression follows the localization of uterine VEGF expression with increasing angiogenesis during the postimplantation period (days 5-8). This disparate pattern of uterine HIFs, ARNTs, and VEGF expression on days 1-4 of pregnancy suggests HIFs have multiple roles in addition to the regulation of angiogenesis during the peri-implantation period. Using pharmacological, molecular, and genetic approaches, we also observed that although progesterone primarily up-regulates uterine HIF-1alpha expression, estrogen transiently stimulates that of HIF-2alpha.