新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的：利用酵母Pichia pastoris蛋白表达系统,表达准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白。方法：根据新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白(MPAFP5)基因序列设计引物,并分别在5’引物和3’引物中引入了EcoRI和SalI酶切位点,经PCR扩增MPAFP5基因成熟肽序列后与pGEX4T-1载体相连,再将MPAFP5从pGEX4T-1载体上切下亚克隆至穿梭质粒pGAPZαA上,获得的重组穿梭质粒pGAPZαA-MPAFP5,经线性化后采用电转化法将重组穿梭质粒转入酵母细胞SMD1168内,Zeocin^ 筛选鉴定重组子,小瓶发酵后取上清作SDS-PAGE检测,并用Western-blot检测表达蛋白的正确性。结果：MPAFP5成功地在酵母表达系统获得表达,Western-blot检测表明表达产物为准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白。结论：酵母表达系统能够高效表达准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白,为高密度发酵大量生产抗冻蛋白奠定了基础。     

准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白MPAFP5毕赤酵母表达产物的理化性质

研究准噶尔小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis dzhungarica Kasz抗冻蛋白MPAFP5真核表达产物的功能及理化性质。首先用硫酸铵浓度梯度沉淀初步纯化酵母真核表达产物,然后通过细菌低温保护实验检测抗冻蛋白MPAFP5低温保护功能,同时探讨抗冻蛋白MPAFP5在酸碱环境和100℃时的稳定性,并通过等电聚焦凝胶电泳检测其等电点。研究表明MPAFP5真核表达产物在低温下能够提高细菌的存活率,能够耐受高温和一定程度的强酸强碱,其等电点约为5.8左右。准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白MPAFP5真核表达产物与赤翅甲抗冻蛋白(DAFP)的比较表明拟步甲类昆虫抗冻蛋白具有相似的理化性质。     

准噶尔小胸鳖甲融合抗冻蛋白活性的比较研究

为了比较准噶尔小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis dzhungarica原核表达的不同融合抗冻蛋白活性是否存在差异,分别利用重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Mpafp5和pMAL-p2x-Mpafp5在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达融合抗冻蛋白GST-MpAFP5和MBP-MpAFP5,并利用亲和层析纯化蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析结果证明获得了两种高效表达纯化的GST-MpAFP5和MBP-MpAFP5融合蛋白。在浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,两种蛋白的热滞值分别为0.51℃和1.336℃,其溶液冰晶形态均为棱型。抗冻保护实验结果显示： 准噶尔小胸鳖甲两种融合抗冻蛋白均能够显著提高细菌在低温下的存活率,并且MBP-MpAFP5对细菌的保护效果显著高于GST-MpAFP5。研究结果对于准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白的应用具有重要的理论意义。     

准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白MpAFP698在真核细胞中的表达与鉴定

目的:构建真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1-mpafp698,转染人胚肾293T细胞,并表达准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白MpAFP698.方法:PCR扩增出mpafp698序列,将其克隆入本室保存的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,转染293T细胞;利用RT-PCR、流式细胞仪、免疫荧光、Western 印迹检测蛋白表达.结果:构...     

新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的克隆和抗冻活性分析

根据GenBank中已发表的昆虫抗冻蛋白基因的保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术结合3'-RACE扩增的方法,从新疆荒漠昆虫准噶尔小胸鳖甲 Microdera punctipenis dzunarica中获得了长约294 bp不含信号肽的抗冻蛋白cDNA片段,命名为MpAFP5,其全长序列为363 bp(GenBank注册号为：AY821792)。基因测序结果表明, MpAFP5-cDNA片段与加拿大拟步甲Dendroides canadensis AFP 8基因片段、黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor THP 4-9基因片段的核苷酸同源性分别达68.4%和71.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别达70%和81%。将MpAFP5构建到原核表达载体pGEX4T-1中,重组质粒pGEX4T-1-MpAFP5在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够表达融合抗冻蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示融合蛋白的分子量约为37 kD,Western印迹分析证明MpAFP5在大肠杆菌中正确表达。细菌的抗冻实验结果显示准噶尔小胸鳖甲融合抗冻蛋白对细菌具有显著的抗冻保护作用,保护效果与抗冻蛋白剂量呈正相关性。     

荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲胞外信号调节激酶ERK基因的克隆与低温表达谱分析

昆虫属变温生物,冷胁迫是其最常见的环境刺激。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路与细胞应对外界刺激密切相关,为了解MAPK信号通路在荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲耐寒机制中的作用,从小胸鳖甲4℃转录组数据中筛选出胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)基因的全长c DNA,命名为Mp ERK。生物信息学分析表明,Mp ERK全长1125 bp,编码374个氨基酸。Mp ERK的理论分子量是43 k Da,含有ERK激酶所共有的磷酸化位点,属于MAPK超家族,与其它物种ERK的一致性达80%以上。实时定量PCR检测Mp ERK基因在低温下的表达谱发现,4℃处理1 h后,Mp ERK基因的表达上调为对照的7.5倍,5 h时达到高峰,为对照的15倍。-4℃处理1 h后,Mp ERK基因的表达上调为对照的8.4倍,5 h时达到高峰,为对照的13.75倍。研究结果表明Mp ERK基因是冷响应的,可能在小胸鳖甲应对低温时发挥信号转导作用。     

荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲低温响应几丁质酶基因Mpcht19的克隆及表达模式分析

【目的】探索荒漠昆虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis低温响应的分子机理并挖掘其耐寒基因。【方法】根据低温转录组数据筛选并克隆小胸鳖甲几丁质酶基因,并进行生物信息学分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学法分析该基因在成虫不同组织中和4℃低温胁迫下的表达模式分析。【结果】从小胸鳖甲成虫克隆获得一个几丁质酶基因Mpcht19(Gen Bank登录号:KY126382)。生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白Mp CHT19属于Ⅳ型昆虫几丁质酶,理论分子量约为27.18 k D,无信号肽,具亲水性。系统进化分析表明,Mp CHT19与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneumⅣ型几丁质酶Tc CHT19同源性最高,氨基酸序列一致性为34.05%。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Mpcht19在成虫脂肪体和后肠中高表达,具有组织特异性;该基因的表达还受4℃低温诱导。免疫组织化学分析结果显示,在4℃低温下Mp CHT19蛋白在脂肪体和后肠中表达。【结论】Mpcht19基因的表达具有组织特异性,并受低温诱导。研究结果有助于深入研究几丁质酶与小胸鳖甲耐寒性的关系。     

荒漠甲虫光滑鳖甲和小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因及其3'-UTR的序列分析

拟步甲科昆虫光滑鳖甲Anatolica polita Kaszab和小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Kaszab分别是新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠地区的广布种和特有种。它们的生活习性有很大差异,光滑鳖甲白天活动,且活动范围广,而小胸鳖甲喜阴避光夜晚活动,活动范围小,但在两者体内都发现有多拷贝的抗冻蛋白基因,并且抗冻蛋白基因在夏季也有表达。为了比较这两种昆虫的抗冻蛋白序列以及不同时期表达的抗冻蛋白序列的差异情况,本研究分别以光滑鳖甲和小胸鳖甲的过冬和夏季成虫为材料,根据已克隆的抗冻蛋白基因序列设计通用引物,扩增新的抗冻蛋白基因及其3'-非翻译区(3'-UTR)。序列分析结果表明,无论是冬季还是夏季表达的抗冻蛋白在两种昆虫中都具有拟步甲科昆虫抗冻蛋白的特点,即含有不同数量的"TCTXSXXCXXAX"12个氨基酸的重复序列;光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的变异性大于小胸鳖甲,并且在重复基序的保守位点都有突变现象。小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白在C末端有较大变异。光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的3'-UTR区变异较大,而小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的3'-UTR区几乎没有变异。推测两种昆虫抗冻蛋白及抗冻蛋白基因3'-UTR的变异性可能与抗冻蛋白的表达调控以及昆虫对微环境的适应性有关。     

哺乳动物非经典分泌信号肽介导重组EGFP蛋白向毕赤酵母细胞壁转运

为探索哺乳动物非经典分泌信号肽在毕赤酵母表达系统中引导重组蛋白分泌的作用,本研究将一段来源于小鼠同源异型框蛋白(En2)的分泌信号序列(SS)融合至EGFP蛋白的N端,在毕赤酵母中表达。实验结果显示SS信号肽能通过一种不同于经典的内质网-高尔基体分泌通路的方式将EGFP蛋白分泌至细胞膜表面,与α交配因子前导肽相比,显著降低了细胞的内质网压力。本研究提示哺乳动物非经典分泌信号肽可作为递送重组蛋白至酵母膜表面的一项工具。     

人血清白蛋白-C肽融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的构建重组表达人血清白蛋白(HSA)-C肽(CP)融合蛋白的毕赤酵母表达菌株.方法根据表达系统的密码子偏好性优化CP基因,酶切连接pBlue-HSA质粒(HSA1 800bp)和CP(100bp)基因,将HSA-CP融合基因双酶切后插入分泌表达栽体pPIC9K中,重组质粒pPIC9K-HSA-CP经SalⅠ线性化后,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,表型筛选Mut 转化子.PCR鉴定后,用甲醇诱导摇瓶分泌表达.结果融合基因约为1 900bp,序列测定正确.SDS-PAGE分析表明表达融合蛋白的相对分子量约为70kD,摇瓶培养表达量为140mg/L,Western blot鉴定显示表达的融合蛋白为HSA和CP的杂合分子.结论实现了HSA-CP融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,细胞活性研究显示HSA-CP融合蛋白对人胚肾293细胞的生长具有一定的促进作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.