口腔扁平苔藓者白色念珠菌检出率及分离株的磷脂酶活性研究

目的:研究健康人和口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus,OLP)患者的口腔白色念珠菌检出率及分离株的磷脂酶活性.方法:采用含漱液浓缩培养法及白色念珠菌微生物学鉴定法,考察健康对照组、糜烂型和非糜烂型OLP患者的白色念珠菌检出率;应用蛋黄培养基沉淀环面积测量法,比较来自于健康人(26株)、糜烂型OLP患者(62株)以及非糜烂型OLP患者(24株)共112株白色念珠菌的磷脂酶活性大小.结果:糜烂型OLP患者组的口腔白色念珠菌检出率高于健康对照组和非糜烂型扁平苔藓患者组;糜烂型和非糜烂型OLP患者组的白色念珠菌分离株的磷脂酶活性高于健康对照组.结论:两种类型的OLP患者组的白色念珠菌分离株与健康对照组相比,具有不同的毒性特征,白色念珠菌与OLP(尤其是糜烂型)发生发展可能相关.     

阻断白色念珠菌粘附口腔膜上皮细胞的实验研究

白色念珠菌的粘附与其表面甘露糖结构有关,为探讨阻断粘附的方法,我们采用体外法测定其对口腔上皮细胞的粘附数量,显示：白色念珠菌粘附感染上皮细胞后,甘露糖可以在一定程度上减少粘附,绿慕安及刀豆素A可以有效地减少粘附。提示甘露糖及绿慕安可能有助于治疗白色念珠菌感染。     

白色念珠菌对人口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

目的:探索白色念珠菌对人口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞(KB细胞)凋亡和增殖的影响。方法:分别培养孢子型白色念珠菌和菌丝型白色念珠菌,取健康志愿者的颊粘膜制备KB细胞,分别加入孢子型白色念珠菌(孢子组)和菌丝型白色念珠菌(菌丝组),另外取单纯KB细胞作为对照组。对比分析各组细胞凋亡率及各个周期的细胞数,统计分析各组细胞增殖指数(PI)。结果:菌丝组凋亡率显著高于对照组及孢子组(P0.05);菌丝组在G0/G1期的细胞比例均显著低于对照组及孢子组(P0.05);菌丝组在S期和G2/M期的细胞比例均显著高于对照组及孢子组(P0.05);菌丝组的PI显著高于孢子组和对照组(P0.05)。结论:菌丝型白色念珠菌可诱导KB细胞凋亡率的上升及改变KB细胞周期变化,并引起KB细胞的PI升高,对于临床上治疗口腔念珠菌病具有重要的指导意义。     

口腔念珠菌感染与肿瘤患者

目的 :研究五类常见肿瘤患者口腔念珠菌感染率及种群结构。方法 :口腔拭子采样 ,常规念珠菌分离鉴定。结果 :五类肿瘤患者均不同程度的口腔念珠菌感染 ,但以胃癌患者感染率最高 (5 3.3% ,P<0 .0 1)。结论 :白色念珠菌是感染的优势种群。     

IL-22对口腔白念珠菌感染的保护作用及机制研究CSCD

目的明确IL-22在口腔白念珠菌感染中的作用及可能机制。方法建立BALB/c小鼠口腔白念珠菌感染动物模型,使用IL-22特异性抗体阻断小鼠IL-22分泌,观察与IL-22正常分泌小鼠相比,舌体感染情况、局部菌载量,颊黏膜组织病理学改变以及局部细胞因子表达水平的变化。结果感染48h后,阻断IL-22分泌的小鼠舌体可见厚的假膜状白斑,舌体菌载量1 700CFU/mL;未阻断者其舌体局部可见薄的白斑,菌载量为980CFU/mL。颊黏膜PAS染色后可见,阻断IL-22的小鼠黏膜表面附有较多菌丝并侵入上皮,伴有上皮细胞水肿及炎细胞浸润;未阻断者黏膜局部少量菌丝附着,未见明显炎细胞浸润。颊黏膜Realtime-PCR检测表明,与正常野生型小鼠相比,阻断IL-22分泌的小鼠局部TNF-α、CXCL-9、CXCL-10、CXCL-11表达量分别为升高18.1、0.8、1.2及0.9倍;未阻断者分别升高34.5、1.2、6.1及1.7倍。结论 IL-22可能通过募集驱化因子在口腔白念珠菌感染中发挥保护作用。     

家族传播的口腔白色念珠菌基因型多态性分析

目的检测家族传播的口腔白色念珠菌基因多态性。方法采集35个家庭（119个样本）的口腔牙菌斑,采用PCR ITS1-ITS2基因分型方法,检测、分析家族传播的口腔白色念珠菌基因多态性。结果 18个家庭（18/35,61%）,34个样本（34/119,28.6%）有白色念珠菌感染,11个家庭存在家族传播（11/18,61%）。在5个母子（父子）垂直传播的家庭成员中,白色念珠菌基因型均不一致。在3个呈水平传播的家庭成员中,两家基因型一致,1家不一致。在3个垂直-水平传播的家庭成员中,两家基因型一致,1家不一致。白色念珠菌家族传播基因型差异有显著统计学意义（χ2=26.571,P〈0.01）。白色念珠菌感染与年龄、性别、学历、吸烟、饮酒、义齿和龋病均无显著相关。结论白色念珠菌在口腔定植,受宿主自身遗传背景影响较大,在家族垂直传播中呈明显的基因多态性。呈水平传播的白色念珠菌菌种具有较高的传染性,基因型可保持不变。     

白色念珠菌蛋白酶与其毒力关系的研究

目的 探讨白色念珠菌蛋白酶活动与其毒力关系。方法的采用牛奶平地检测５４株白色念珠菌蛋白酶的分泌能力,然后选择６侏菌分别经摇瓶培养测定其蛋白酶活力,并以静脉内注射方式感染小鼠进行毒力试验,以小鼠平均生存时间来评价菌株毒力。结果 ５４株白色念珠菌全部能分泌蛋白酶,检出率为１００％。动物试验表明蛋白酶活力愈高的菌株,相应小鼠平均生存时间愈短;蛋白酶活力与菌株毒力直接正相关（γ＝０．９３４,Ｐ＜０．０１）     

白色念珠菌粘附的研究进展

本文论述了白色念珠菌（简称白念菌）粘附的分子机理和实验模型观察,从病原菌和宿主两方面探讨了白念菌感染的发病机理,并从阻断白念菌对宿主细胞的粘附着手,展望防治白念菌感染的新途径和措施。     

Prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non‐albicans Candida in oral rinse samples of self‐caring elderly

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00407.x
Prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non‐albicans Candida in oral rinse samples of self‐caring elderly Aim: To assess the prevalence and antifungal drug sensitivity of non‐albicans Candida (NAC) species in elderly outpatients. Materials and methods: We investigated oral rinse samples of 194 self‐caring elderly population (mean age 83 years) with emphasis on background factors for harbouring NAC. Susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs was determined using standard methodology. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed taking positive NAC count as the dependent variable and a number of known Candida risk factors as independent variables. Results: Prevalence of candidal carriage of the population was 78.4%, of which 0.5% of the subjects were NAC positive. Candida dubliniensis was the most prevalent NAC species, followed by Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. The NAC positive elderly were more often edentulous with dental prostheses or had fewer teeth than Candida albicans‐positive or yeast‐negative subjects. Dental caries slightly increased the risk for having NAC strains (odds ratio 1.08), whilst greater age appeared to lower the risk (odds ratio 0.77). Candida species were susceptible to the commonly used antifungal agents in general, but with considerable variation among species. Occasionally, some NAC exhibited lower antifungal susceptibility. Conclusion: The possibility of oral reservoirs of NAC strains which are resistant to common antifungals should be noted in elderly outpatients.     

纳豆杆菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用

目的探讨纳豆杆菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用。方法将纳豆杆菌和白假丝酵母菌混合培养24 h后,应用沙保弱平板培养基分离白假丝酵母菌,计数菌落,计算纳豆杆菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗率。结果纳豆杆菌对白假丝酵母菌的拮抗作用明显,拮抗率高达91.91%;纳豆杆菌肉汤培养物的除菌滤液对白假丝酵母菌也有明显的拮抗作用,拮抗率为79.05%。结论纳豆杆菌对白假丝酵母菌具有明显拮抗作用,是白假丝酵母菌的理想拮抗菌株。     

Streptococcus panodentis sp. nov. from the oral cavities of chimpanzees

Three strains TKU9, TKU49 and TKU50^T, were isolated from the oral cavities of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The isolates were all gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic cocci that lacked catalase activity. Analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the most closely related species was Streptococcus infantis (96.7%). The next most closely related species to the isolates were S. rubneri, S. mitis, S. peroris and S. australis (96.6 to 96.4%). Based on the rpoB and gyrB gene sequences, TKU50^T was clustered with other member of the mitis group. Enzyme activity and sugar fermentation patterns differentiated this novel bacterium from other members of the mitis group streptococci. The DNA G + C content of strain TKU50^T was 46.7 mol%, which is the highest reported value for members of the mitis group (40–46 mol%). On the basis of the phenotypic characterization, partial 16S rRNA gene and sequences data for two housekeeping gene (gyrB and rpoB), we propose a novel taxa, S. panodentis for TKU 50^T (type strain = CM 30579^T = DSM 29921^T), for these newly described isolates.     

大蒜素对白色念珠菌生物被膜形成的作用

生物被膜的形成是白色念珠菌产生耐药性的重要原因之一。本研究首先构建白色念珠菌体外生物被膜模型,通过倒置显微镜和甲基四氮盐（XTT）法检测大蒜素对白色念珠菌生物被膜形成的影响,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）对白色念珠菌生物被膜相关基因ALS1、ALS3、HWP1、MP65、SUN41的表达水平进行检测。结果显示,当大蒜素浓度≥12.5μg/mL时,白色念珠菌生物被膜的生长被抑制,并且在生物被膜形成的早期,大蒜素干预能有效抑制其形成;大蒜素能下调白色念珠菌生物被膜相关基因ALS1、ALS3、HWP1、MP65、SUN41的表达水平。研究结果提示,大蒜素可有效抑制体外白色念珠菌生物被膜的形成,可能与其下调生物被膜相关基因的表达有关。     

Importance of some factors on the dimorphism of Candida albicans

The passage between the yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans B 311-10 was studied by using the minimal syntehtic medium of Shepherd et al. [19] modified without biotin and with low glucose concentrations. It was observed that biotin, aminoacids and particularly pH are not important factors in the dimorphism of C. albicans. The only factor of notable importance in the passage of yeast form to mycelial form in C. albicans was glucose concentration.     

Antifungal drug resistance pattern of Candida. spp isolated from vaginitis in Ilam-Iran during 2013-2014

Vaginal Candidiasis is the most common and important opportunistic fungal infection in women. By increasing use of antifungal drugs in recent years, it has caused drug resistance. This study aims to evaluate antifungal drugs susceptibility of Candida. spp isolated of women with vaginitis from Ilam-Iran during 2013-2014. samples were collected and cultured from 385 women with vaginitis, then Candida.spp was diagnosed by standard method. Antifungal drug susceptibility test for nystatin 100 unit/disk, fluconazole 10µg/disk, itraconazole 10µg/disk, ketoconazole 10µg/disk, amphotericinB 20µg/disk, clotrimazole 10µg/disk, posaconazole 5µg/disk, and voriconazole 1µg/disk were carried out by M44-A method(CLSI). From all culture positive samples, 150 isolates were Candida albicans and 89 isolates were non-albicans. The resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, nystatin and amphotericin B was 76%, 62%, 72%, 55%, 6%, 7%, 1% and 0%. The highest resistance was seen for fluconazole , itraconazole, and the highest susceptible was seen for nystatin and amphotericin B. These results indicate nystatin and amphotericin B can be used as the first line for empirical therapy of vaginal candidiasis in the district.     

Glucose Directly Promotes Antifungal Resistance in the Fungal Pathogen,Candida spp.

Effects of glucose on the susceptibility of antifungal agents were investigated against Candida spp. Increasing the concentration of glucose decreased the activity of antifungal agents; voriconazole was the most affected drugs followed by amphotericin B. No significant change has been observed for anidulafungin. Biophysical interactions between antifungal agents with glucose molecules were investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, and ¹H NMR. Glucose has a higher affinity to bind with voriconazole by hydrogen bonding and decrease the susceptibility of antifungal agents during chemotherapy. In addition to confirming the results observed in vitro, theoretical docking studies demonstrated that voriconazole presented three important hydrogen bonds and amphotericin B presented two hydrogen bonds that stabilized the glucose. In vivo results also suggest that the physiologically relevant higher glucose level in the bloodstream of diabetes mellitus mice might interact with the available selective agents during antifungal therapy, thus decreasing glucose activity by complex formation. Thus, proper selection of drugs for diabetes mellitus patients is important to control infectious diseases.     

Genotypic analysis of Candida albicans isolates obtained from removable prosthesis wearers

Aims: To assess of the genotypic diversity of Candida albicans isolated from removable prosthesis wearers, with and without denture‐related stomatitis (DRS). The occurrence of different genotypes in pathological and control cases was investigated. Methods and Results: One hundred and sixty‐four isolates of C. albicans obtained from different oral cavity locations were compared by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The coherence of this analysis was confirmed by genotyping a selected group of isolates with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Among the 164 isolates, 150 were grouped into seven groups on the basis of their RAPD patterns. Three of these groups (comprising 54 isolates) had significant (α < 0·10) predominance of clinical or control cases. For the other isolates, no significant differences were observed between control and DRS cases. Occasionally, more than one genotype was found in the same person. These findings were sustained by PFGE analysis. No relevant associations between the genotypic patterns and pathology level were found. Conclusions: This study evidenced that C. albicans with similar genotypes may be found in individuals with DRS and in control cases. Significance and Impact of the Study: This conclusion hints the involvement of other aetiological factors that alone or in association with C. albicans may trigger the emergence of DRS.     

Integrin-like proteins in Candida spp. and other microorganisms

The vertebrate integrins provide a paradigm for cell surface proteins involved in adhesion and morphogenesis. However, homologs of integrins have been found in more primitive organisms. This review will discuss the evidence for surface proteins in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis that contain motifs reminiscent of integrins and will analyze the contributions of one of these proteins, Int1p, to adhesion, morphogenesis, and virulence. Other microorganisms thought to express integrin-like proteins will also be addressed.