分子生物学综合性实验教学的探讨与实践

分子生物学是一门实践性很强的学科,其实验教学在生物学人才培养中占有十分重要的地位;综合性实验课程的开设对于培养学生的实验技能、提高学生的动手能力以及科研创新能力至关重要.文章总结了华中农业大学分子生物学综合性实验教学的内容、方法和实验成绩评价.重点介绍了实验课的三大系列以及实验课的有效组织实施方法,以期达到提高教学质量,培养学生的综合素质的目的.     

微视频资源在微生物学实验教学中的应用

微生物学实验是生物类各专业的一门基础课程,该课程对学生基础操作技能的提高和创新能力的培养至关重要。针对传统教学模式中存在的问题,本文结合微视频直观生动、短小精炼的特点,制备基本操作微视频、课件微视频及学生实验微视频3类教学资源。通过与其他教学手段和考评方法相结合,实现了微视频资源在实验教学环节中的有效应用,该教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣和自学潜能,提升了课堂教学效果和学生的实践创新能力。     

凸显创新能力培养的免疫学实验教学体系的探索

为提高医学免疫学实验教学质量,培养学生创新能力,对本校2015级、2016级及2017级5年制临床医学专业医学免疫学实验教学课程进行了改革和探索。在基础验证性实验的基础上,开展了综合设计性实验,并试行了探索性创新性实验及开放性科研性实验。通过改革使学生成为教学过程的主体,充分激发学生的学习热情,不仅培养了学生的动手能力,更提高了他们交流合作及分析和解决问题的能力,从而推进了学生创新能力的培养。     

“小实验,大背景”的细胞生物学基础实验教学模式探索

生物学实验教学是一流人才培养的重要途径.但在传统的实验教学中,教师往往只关注提高学生的动手能力,而忽略了通过基础实验教学实现对学生科学创新思维与能力的培养.为此,在细胞生物学基础实验教学过程中,在不增加实验经费与硬件投入的情况下,通过把细胞生物学“小实验”与学科发展“大背景”相结合,将“小实验”教学内容放在培养学生实验...     

生物工程综合实验的“珠链式”教学模式改革与创新

构建生物工程综合实验的“珠链式”教学模式,对课程进行教学改革与实践。从优化实验教学内容,改进实验教学手段和考核方式,增加综合性,设计性实验项目,科研反哺教学和全面开放实验室入手,打破生物工程主干课程界线,形成以实验项目为“珠子”,在实验室中模拟实际的工艺流程进行生物产品的生产与开发。“链”是以产酶的微生物为起点,把基因工程模块、酶工程模块、发酵工程模块的各“珠子”串成一个有序的生物工程上、中、下游的“链式”知识体系。课程改革有助于学生全面掌握课程技能,提高学生应用能力、创新能力、就业竞争力。     

口腔微生物学实验教学体系初探

目的实验教学在培养复合型和创新型人才中具有不可替代的重要作用,为了提高口腔医学教育质量,培养适应新世纪要求的高素质创新型的医学人才,增设口腔微生物学实验课。方法根据口腔医学特色设计实验,培养学生的基础、专业、综合、创新能力。教学内容包括：牙菌斑的采集和处理、致龋菌的分离和培养、致龋菌的鉴定。教学方式采用学生两两配对模式。分析2011年度教学的实验结果。结果实验课程有利于培养学生专业能力和科研能力,加深对疾病发生机制的理解;35．7％的学生具有较好的综合能力和创新能力,30．4％的学生表现出专业能力不足,33．9％学生需要提高基础和专业能力。结论口腔微生物学实验教学体系对完善教学、促进改革具有重要意义。     

开设综合研究型实验课的实践与体会

提高学生的综合和创新能力,激励学生的求知欲和探索精神是当今教育改革的首要课题。我校开设了综合研究型实验课——医学机能实验学,本课程整合了生理学和病理生理学两门课程,将这两门课程的实验教学部分从原课程中分离出来,科学有机的整合成一门新型的独立综合研究型课程。通过此课程的教学,发挥学生的积极性和能动性,使学生初步具有应用知识和实践能力,培养学生的科研和创新能力。     

关于遗传学实验教学中果蝇实验的改革探索

介绍了遗传学实验教学中果蝇实验的教学改革尝试。一方面,将不同研究水平的实验集中连续交叉开出,充分利用实验时间,增选实验内容,改进实验方法,培养学生的综合能力;另一方面,讨论遗传学实验教学如何改变“验证性”教学为“发现式”教学。在果蝇杂交实验教学中,由学生提出实验设计方案,独立完成实验内容,学生处于主体地位,从而培养学生独立思考和实际操作能力,激发学生的学习兴趣。     

构建生物药物分析实验教学改革新模式

生物药物分析实验是生物药物分析理论课程的重要补充,是培养学生掌握和巩固理论知识以及实验操作技能的重要途径。为适应现代高等教育对本科生的培养要求,对生物药物分析原有单一的实验教学模式进行改革已势在必行。我学院生物药物分析实验教学改革从实验教学内容、实验教学方法、实验教学手段等方面进行实践探索,建立了“验证性．综合设计性实验教学”、“科研一实验教学相结合”、“开放式实验教学”等新型的实验教学模式,在近几年的本科实验教学活动中,对于培养学生的实际操作能力、独立分析问题和解决问题的能力,团队协作等方面的能力起到了明显的效果,受到学生好评。     

外科动物手术实验教学改革的探讨

外科动物手术学是学生从理论学习走向实践技能操作过渡和结合,是一门综合性、实践性极强的专业课程。在外科动物手术实验教学改革的中,为了建立开放式的教学模式,满足动物外科手术学实验课程建设和发展要求,采用综合评定方式,符合学习逻辑顺序,注重培养学生素质和发展和指导教师的知识和能力拓展,从而有效提高实验教学效果和学生综合、创新能力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.