常乐康对乙肝肝硬化患者肠道菌群和肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨常乐康对乙肝肝硬化患者肠道菌群及肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法收集乙肝肝硬化代偿期患者87例,其中治疗组48例,对照组39例。所有患者给予相同的常规护肝对症治疗,其中治疗组加用常乐康治疗8周。治疗结束后观察患者肠道菌群、肠道黏膜屏障功能和系统性炎症反应的改善情况。结果常乐康治疗后,患者肠道菌群中梭菌属I簇和XI簇及双歧杆菌属细菌数量显著升高,而肠杆菌科细菌及肠球菌属细菌数量显著降低;患者血清D-乳酸,内毒素(LPS)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)的水平显著下降,血清中促炎因子TNF-α和IFN-γ水平显著下降,而抗炎因子IL-10水平显著上升。结论常乐康可显著改善乙肝肝硬化患者肠道菌群组成和肠道黏膜屏障功能,有效减轻系统性炎症反应,可作为阻止乙肝肝硬化病情进展的有效辅助治疗方法。     

复合益生菌活菌制剂对肝硬化患者肠道菌群的影响

目的:观察肝硬化患者口服三联活菌后肠道菌群、血氧及血浆内毒素的变化.方法:选择肠道菌群中具有代表性的细菌进行培养和计数.42例肝硬化患者给予三联活菌治疗21 d.测定治疗前后肠道菌群菌落计数、血氨(干片法)、血浆内毒素(改良鲎试验法).结果:与正常对照组相比,肝硬化组患者存在不同程度的肠道菌群失调,主要表现为双歧杆菌减少(10.12±0.71比9.27±1.25,P＜0.05).治疗后,双歧杆菌由9.27±1.25增至10.43±1.25,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).且血氨水平降低,并可降低肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平[(109.21±12.23)pg/ml比(71.46±9.12)pg/ml,P＜0.05].结论:肝硬化患者存在肠道菌群失调.益生菌制剂可有效改善肝硬化患者肠道菌群失调,并降低血氨及血浆内毒素.     

后生元(postbiotics):调节肝硬化患者肠道菌群及疾病进程的新策略

肝硬化是慢性肝炎发展的终末阶段,患者出现有不同程度的肠道菌群失调,并伴有肠道屏障功能的缺失和菌群移位,是引发肝硬化并发症的重要原因。尽管益生菌能在多个层面保护肠道屏障功能,但其在肝硬化肠道菌群紊乱中的疗效并不明确。现在的研究发现一些益生菌的组分或代谢产物有着与益生活菌类似的益生功效,包括稳定肠道菌群、加强肠上皮屏障功能和调节肠黏膜免疫反应等,其重要的优点是具有明确的分子结构和显著的生物活性,可能是未来调节肝硬化肠道菌群及疾病进程的新方向。本文主要总结了肝硬化肠道菌群失调对于肝硬化并发症及疾病进程的影响,探讨了益生菌的作用及局限性,并重点讨论后生元在调控肝硬化肠道菌群及疾病进程中的应用前景。     

慢性肝病与肠道菌群的研究进展

肝脏与肠道微生态可谓息息相关,互为影响。慢性肝病患者均存在不同程度的菌群失调,而菌群失调与血内毒素水平升高相关,且可诱发肝性脑病、二重感染的发生。肠道菌群失调促进了慢性肝病并发症的发生、发展,增加了患者的死亡率,且菌群失调与肝功能损害程度成正比。微生态制剂可通过恢复肠道菌群平衡,维持肠道屏障的完整性,抑制产生内毒素的G-数量,减少肠氨的产生,辅助治疗慢性肝病。     

中药提取物水苏糖对实验性肝硬化大鼠血浆内毒素及肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨中药提取物水苏糖对肝硬化大鼠血浆内毒素及肠道菌群的影响.方法36只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（n=6）,模型组,预防组,晚期治疗组.采用CCL4复合因素法建立肝硬化模型;实验第9周末处死所有大鼠,观察药物对肝硬化大鼠内毒素,肠道菌群,AST、ALT肝功能及肝组织病理学等的影响.结果中药提取物水苏糖对内毒素及其它指标都有明显的改善,预防组,晚期治疗组病理都有改善,预防组优于治疗组.结论中药提取物水苏糖能有效调整肝硬化肠道菌群失调,并降低血浆内毒素.对肝脏有保护作用.     

益生菌对肝硬化患者肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨益生菌对肝硬化患者肠道菌群、肠道屏障功能及肝脏功能的影响,为肝硬化患者的治疗提供参考.方法 选取2017年1月至2019年6月我院收治的60例乙肝肝硬化患者为研究对象.入选患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例.对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上加用地衣芽孢杆菌胶囊进行治疗.两组患者疗程均为1个月.比...     

肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子的变化简

目的：观察肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子水平的变化。方法：通过CCL灌胃构建小鼠的肝硬化模型;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测肝硬化进程中血清内毒素及炎性因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化;采集肝硬化小鼠新鲜粪便,通过荧光定量PCR实验检测肠道目的菌群的改变。结果：肝硬化小鼠肠道中拟杆菌属和梭菌属细菌显著减少,韦荣球菌属、肠杆菌属和肠球菌属细菌显著增加;随着肝硬化进程的加重,小鼠血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平显著提高。结论：肝硬化导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,促进了血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平的提高,形成恶性循环。     

肝硬化患者益生菌干预效果及肠道菌群变化分析

目的探讨肝硬化患者口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片后肠道优势菌群变化以及对肝功能、内毒素等指标的影响。方法入组乙肝后肝硬化患者62例,分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者均予以肝硬化常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上予双歧杆菌四联活菌片口服,1.5g/次,3次/d,连用30d。结果治疗1个月后,两组患者的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、凝血酶原时间均降低(治疗组:t=5.61,t=5.25,t=2.89;对照组:t=4.76,t=2.75,t=1.82,P0.05或P0.01),且治疗组患者下降的幅度更明显(t=2.16,t=4.50,t=1.80,P0.05或P0.01)。治疗组患者内毒素水平降低(t=4.18,P0.01),而对照组患者内毒素下降差异无统计学意义。定量PCR结果显示治疗组患者中双歧杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属、柔嫩梭菌、数量显著上升,肠杆菌属数量显著下降(t=8.06,t=4.38,t=5.09,t=-14.35,P0.01)。肝硬化患者肠道定植抗力B/E值与血浆内毒素水平呈现显著负相关(r=-0.63,P0.01)。结论口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片能调节肝硬化患者的肠道菌群,形成紧密的生物学屏障,进而降低血浆内毒素水平,改善肝功能,发挥显著的辅助治疗作用。     

肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子的变化

目的:观察肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子水平的变化。方法:通过CCl4灌胃构建小鼠的肝硬化模型;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测肝硬化进程中血清内毒素及炎性因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化;采集肝硬化小鼠新鲜粪便,通过荧光定量PCR实验检测肠道目的菌群的改变。结果:肝硬化小鼠肠道中拟杆菌属和梭菌属细菌显著减少,韦荣球菌属、肠杆菌属和肠球菌属细菌显著增加;随着肝硬化进程的加重,小鼠血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平显著提高。结论:肝硬化导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,促进了血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平的提高,形成恶性循环。     

连续性血液净化对重症胰腺炎患者炎症因子、内毒素及肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的:研究连续性血液净化对重症胰腺炎患者炎症因子、内毒素及肠道黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法:选取2014年2月至2015年1月本院收治的86例重症胰腺炎患者,按照投硬币法分为观察组(43例)和对照组(43例)。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加以连续性血液净化治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后炎症因子、内毒素、肠道黏膜屏障功能变化情况,分析两组患者临床症状缓解时间。结果:治疗后,观察组血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内毒素、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),压痛、腹痛、腹胀症状缓解时间显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:连续性血液净化能有效改善重症胰腺炎患者炎症因子水平、内毒素及肠道黏膜屏障功能,促进患者临床症状快速恢复。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.