兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融术后残癌中基质金属蛋白酶9表达

目的:探讨兔肝脏VX2肿瘤射频消融术(radio-frequency ablation,RFA)后残余肿瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)表达。方法:超声引导下将VX2肿瘤组织块接种于23只新西兰大白兔肝脏中,造模成功后随机分为5组,对照组(A组,n=3),不行RFA治疗;余20只为实验组行RFA治疗,在超声引导下射频针插入肿瘤偏心位置,展开电极致损毁范围最大为肿瘤总体积的2/3,人为造成残存肿瘤组织。根据治疗结束后不同时间点分为4组:0小时组(B组,n=5)、术后1周组(C组,n=5)、术后2周组(D组,n=5)、术后4周组(E组,n=5),行超声检查结束后处死大白兔,取肿瘤组织采取免疫组化法观察残存肿瘤组织中及未治疗肿瘤组中MMP-9的表达情况。结果:RFA术后0小时、1周、2周、4周残存肿瘤组织中MMP-9的表达均较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:RFA治疗后残存肿瘤细胞中MMP-9水平表达减低。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融对中晚期肝癌患者血清肿瘤活性因子、肝功能和预后的影响

目的:探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)对中晚期肝癌患者血清肿瘤活性因子、肝功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2012年2月～2016年6月期间我院收治的中晚期肝癌患者103例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=52),对照组患者给予RFA治疗,研究组给予TACE联合RFA治疗,比较两组临床总有效率,比较两组治疗前后肝功能、血清肿瘤活性因子水平,统计两组患者并发症情况和预后。结果:治疗后研究组临床总有效率为53.85%(28/52),高于对照组患者的33.33%(17/51)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、氨基酸转氨酶(AST)较治疗前降低(P0.05),但两组治疗后TBIL、ALT、AST比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原199(CA199),基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗后1年、2年复发率低于对照组,生存率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌,疗效确切,可有效降低血清肿瘤活性因子水平,未加重肝功能损伤,且可改善患者的预后。     

特发性右心室流出道室性心律失常射频消融术后复发因素分析

目的:探讨特发性右心室流出道室性心律失常射频消融术后,患者室性心律失常复发的原因,旨在为进一步降低复发率提供线索。方法:1999年12月至2009年12月,在解放军总医院老年心血管内科住院行导管射频消融的特发性右心室流出道室性心律失常患者共145例(男55例,女90例),治疗终点为室性心律失常消失,不能被心室电刺激和静滴盐酸异丙肾上腺素诱发,术后1天复查动态心电图并电话随访观察疗效。结果:在145例患者中,即刻成功136例,成功率为93.8%。随访23.8±6.7月,共有9例患者复发,复发率为6.62%。9例复发患者再次行射频消融术的靶点局部激动(34.0±7.6 ms)明显早于第一次射频消融术(30.4±8.5 ms)(P<0.05);靶点起搏与自发心律失常体表心电图QRS波形的符合数(11.8±0.45)大于第一次射频消融术(11.1±0.78)(P<0.05);复发患者第一次手术在最早激动点处单极标测r波的出现比例大于第二次手术(P<0.05),再次手术均成功。结论:导管射频消融治疗特发性右心室流出道室性心律失常是有效、可行的方法。靶点标测欠精确是术后复发的主要原因。     

微波灭活与射频消融术中联合应用于治疗四肢骨肉瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨微波灭活与射频消融技术联合应用治疗骨肉瘤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院自2007年至2012年间手术治疗的具有完整临床资料的骨肉瘤患者29例,其中发生于肱骨上端9例,股骨远端12例,胫骨上段5例,盆腔3例,并经TNM分期。术前采取动脉植入式化疗泵化疗2疗程,并于术中给以微波灭活与射频消融方法联合灭火肿瘤瘤体,刮除肿瘤后行骨水泥填充。术后随访8-60个月,平均50±2月。结果:29例患者中死亡1例,局部复发3例,远端转移2例。结论:微波灭活与射频消融术中联合应用于恶性骨肿瘤术中瘤体灭活,可以达到良好的肿瘤灭活效果,减少术中出血,大大提高患者生存率及降低复发率。     

影响心房颤动射频消融术后复发率的相关因素

近年来,随着方法学的不断改进,导管射频消融治疗心房颤动(房颤AF)有了一定程度的提高,但因其随访观察AF再发率较高,为20%左右,限制了此项技术在临床上的应用.如何降低一次消融后的房颤复发率以及房颤复发的原因是目前亟待解决和探讨的焦点问题之一.本文主要对影响房颤消融术后复发的相关因素进行综述.     

胃癌肝转移术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合术中射频消融治疗的临床意义

目的:研究胃癌肝转移经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗的临床意义。方法:选择胃癌肝转移灶小于4处,最大直径不超过4cm的患者23名。全组患者接受胃癌D2根治性切除及超声引导下射频消融治疗,其中15名患者术前接受了肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗。术后化疗采用以氟尿嘧啶及奥沙利铂为基础的方案。结果:本研究组未发生严重并发症,无病复发生存时间和总生存时间分别为366天和505天,5例患者获得无复发长期生存。多因素分析表明,N分期、转移癌的分布及是否接受肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗为独立预后因子。分层分析提示,术前肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗对多叶肝转移组疗效为优。结论:胃癌肝转移孤立或少数较小转移灶病例通过根治性手术、射频消融、肝动脉化疗栓塞术及术后化疗联合方案能够提高疗效,对部分患者可能获得长期生存的治疗成绩。     

人工肝支持系统治疗重症肝炎并发症的预防及护理

目前临床上使用人工肝支持系统（ALSS）治疗重症肝炎、肝衰竭,为患者等待肝移植或通过肝细胞再生而自然恢复功能,争取时间、创造条件,同时也成为肝衰竭理想的辅助支持治疗手段。而ALSS治疗中并发症的预防是确保治疗顺利进行的重要环节。本文总结了2002年8月～2004年8月我科26例52例次的人工肝治疗中出现的并发症及处理。现报道如下。     

射频消融中温度场建立的探讨

提出了建立在射频电流组织加热和热传导基础上的射频消融中温度场建立的理论模型,初步分析了血流对温度分布提影响,得出稳定后的温度场在径向的分布基本上与ｒ及血流速度成反比;近场的温度场的建立过程的时间常数与血流速度成反比。     

肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素分析

目的:分析肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素。方法:选取我院收治的肝内胆管结石患者117例,均采取肝部分切除术治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究术后并发症的发生情况,并对影响因素进行分析。结果:本组117例患者,并发症发生率35.04%,其中肝功能衰竭1例,胆道出血2例,消化道出血6例,腹腔感染6例,胆瘘6例,胸腔积液8例,切口感染12例。并发症组患者术前白蛋白、手术时间、既往胆道手术史水平与非并发症组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝部分切除术后的并发症多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间、既往胆道手术史均是术后并发症独立风险因素。结论:肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症发生率较高,以切口感染和胸腔积液为最,患者的既往手术史以及手术时间均是影响并发症发生的重要危险因素,做好针对性预防可预防并发症的发生。     

老年患者髋关节置换术后并发症的预防及护理体会

人工全髋关节置换术目前已广泛应用于临床。作为髋关节疾患终末治疗的有效方法,它能有效解除关节疼痛,改善关节功能,迄今其效果明显优于其他手术。近年来的统计表明,人工全髋关节置换对于年老病人的效果是非常好的。随着人工髋关节置换术的普遍应用,越来越多的高龄患者接受该手术,而老年人由于全身性生理功能减退,常合并其他多种疾病,对手术的耐受力减低,手术风险明显高于青壮年,容易出现一系列并发症,如深静脉血栓形成、髋关节脱位、感染等主要并发症,而并发症的发生直接关系到手术的成败,给患者带来巨大的痛苦和经济负担,故对并发症的早期预防和护理至关重要。我科2002年3月～2008年5月,对100例65岁以上的老年患者进行髋关节置换术,我们采取了早期的预防和护理,取得良好的效果,现总结如下。     

Postoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Change Predicts Survival of Patients with Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation

Background

An elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after treatment. However, the clinical implication of postoperative NLR change remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

From May 2005 to Aug 2008, a cohort of consecutive 178 small HCC patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was retrospectively reviewed. The NLR was recorded within 3 days before and 1 month after RFA. Baseline characteristics, overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were compared according to preoperative NLR and/or postoperative NLR change. Prognostic factors were assessed by multivariate analysis.

Results

Compared with preoperative NLR level, postoperative NLR decreased in 87 patients and increased in 91 patients after RFA. No significant differences were identified between two groups in commonly used clinic-pathologic features. The 1, 3, 5 years OS was 98.8%, 78.6%, 67.1% for NLR decreased group, and 92.2%, 55.5%, 35.4% for NLR increased group respectively (P<0.001); the corresponding RFS was 94.2%, 65.2%, 33.8% and 81.7%, 46.1%, 12.4% respectively (P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, the survival of patients with lower or higher preoperative NLR can be distinguished more accurate by postoperative NLR change. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative NLR change, but not preoperative NLR, was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (P<0.001, HR = 2.39, 95%CI 1.53–3.72) and RFS (P = 0.003, HR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.87–8.24).

Conclusion

The postoperative NLR change was an independent prognostic factor for small HCC patient undergoing RFA, and patients with decreased NLR indicated better survival than those with increased NLR.     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver VX2 Tumor: Experimental Results with MR Diffusion-Weighted Imaging at 3.0T

Purpose

To evaluate the value of DWI in detecting the lesions of pre- and post-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the rabbit liver VX2 tumors.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-two New Zealand White rabbits were tested. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments. Twenty separate tumor fragments were implanted into the livers of 20 rabbits, the liver was exposed by performing midline laparotomy. 3.0T MR DWI (b = 0, 200, 400, 600, 800,1000 s/mm²) were performed 14–21 days after tumor implantation (mean, 17 days) in the 18 tumor-bearing animals. Then RFA was performed in the 18 tumor-bearing animals and in the two healthy animals. 3.0T MR DWI was performed 7–10 days after RFA (mean, 8 days). Pathology exam was performed immediately after the completion of post- RFA MR imaging. Analyzing the features of MRI and ADC values in the pre- and post- RFA lesions of the VX2 tumors, and histopathologic results were compared with imaging findings.

Results

The difference of ADC value between viable tumor and normal liver parenchyma was significant (P<.001). After RFA, when b = 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 s/mm², the differences of ADC values of viable tumor, granulation tissue, necrosis, normal liver parenchyma were significant (P<.001). At the time the animals were sacrificed after RFA and MR imaging, histopathologic results of local viable tumors were found in 9 (50%) of the 18 treated tumors. Macroscopic viable tumors were found at the RFA sites in 3 (17%), all 3 macroscopic viable tumors were visualized at the periphery of the RFA areas.

Conclusions

3.0T MR DWI can be used to follow up the progress of the RFA lesion, it is useful in detecting different tissues after RFA, and it is valuable in the further clinical research.     

Galectin-3 in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

Background

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an emerging biomarker in heart failure that is involved in fibrosis and inflammation. However, its potential value as a prognostic marker in atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of AF catheter ablation on Gal-3 and evaluate its prognostic impact for predicting rhythm outcome after catheter ablation.

Methods

Gal-3 was measured at baseline and after 6 months using specific ELISA. AF recurrences were defined as any atrial arrhythmia lasting longer than 30 sec within 6 months after ablation.

Results

In 105 AF patients (65% males, age 62±9 years, 52% paroxysmal AF) undergoing catheter ablation, Gal-3 was measured at baseline and after 6 months and compared with an AF-free control cohort (n=14, 50 % males, age 58±11 years). Gal-3 was higher in AF patients compared with AF-free controls (7.8±2.9 vs. 5.8±1.8, ng/mL, p=0.013). However, on multivariable analysis, BMI (p=0.007) but not AF (p=0.068) was associated with Gal-3. In the AF cohort, on univariable analysis higher Gal-3 levels were associated with female gender (p=0.028), higher BMI (p=0.005) and both CHADS2 (p=0.008) and CHA2DS2-VASC (p=0.016) scores, however, on multivariable analysis only BMI remained significantly associated with baseline Gal-3 (p=0.016). Gal-3 was similar 6 months after AF catheter ablation and was not associated with sinus rhythm maintenance.

Conclusions

Although galectin-3 levels are higher in AF patients, this is driven by cardiometabolic co-morbidities and not heart rhythm. Gal-3 is not useful for predicting rhythm outcome of catheter ablation.     

化疗联合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的效果分析

目的：探讨化疗联合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法：108例原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组,均给予灌注化疗,每4周进行一次灌注化疗,对照组（n=54）进行3次,治疗组（n=54）只进行一次。治疗组给予冷循环射频消融术。评价生活质量Kamofsky评分,治疗前后检查患者的血、尿、便常规,肝肾功能（包括天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶（AVr）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆红素、肌酐及尿素氮等指标）,甲胎蛋白（AFP）,T细胞亚群和加强肝脏CT扫描。随访1年,经CT确定肝癌复发。结果：治疗组Kamofsky评分有效率为59．26％,对照组Kamofsky评分有效率为37．03％,两组Kamofsky评分有效率相比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后症状变化相比较,除腹胀外其余各项指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。治疗后两组相比较,ALT和AFP差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后两组T细胞亚群变化相比较,治疗组各项指标均变化显著（P〈0．05）。治疗后随访一年,治疗组复发率为22．22％;对照组复发率为53．70％。两组治疗一年后复发率相比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：化疗结合冷循环射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定,并发症及副作用小,复发率低。     

射频消融术治疗肝癌的研究新进展

肝癌为我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。到目前为止,肝癌的治疗方法中,手术治疗仍为肝癌患者能获得较好生存率的首选方法。但由于很多患者发现肝癌时,晚期患者较多,很多肝功能较差剩余肝组织不能代偿,或全身情况较差,已不适合手术治疗。基于此种情况,现很多非手术治疗方法广泛应用于临床。而射频消融术治疗肝癌,作为一种非手术治疗方法,有着微创,疗效好,并发症少,安全,可反复应用等优点,近年来已成为治疗肝癌的一种常用手段。射频消融术治疗肝癌可分为开腹射频,腔镜下射频,影像学引导下经皮射频等。治疗方式可单独射频治疗,也可与介入治疗,酒精注射,静脉全身化疗等联合应用。现从射频消融术治疗肝癌的原理,适应症,方式,并发症,及预后几方面回顾总结该技术。     

超声造影在肝癌射频消融治疗前后的临床价值研究

目的:探讨实时超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,CEUS)在原发性肝癌射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)微创介入前后治疗临床应用价值的研究。方法:通过分析139例肝癌患者175个病灶在超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗,对病灶数量、大小、边界、内部回声、造影剂灌注情况进行对比分析,及治疗后与增强CT结果进行对照。结果:射频消融前,超声造影显示82个病灶表现为动脉早期抱球状、弥漫或轻度增强;治疗1-3个月后超声造影判定89.1%(156/175)的病灶达到完全消融,10.9%(19/175)的病灶消融不完全;增强CT判定84.6%(148/175)的病灶达到完全消融,15.4%(27/175)的病灶消融不完全,治疗后超声造影检查结果与CT增强检查结果一致,两者在病灶残留复发的敏感性、特异性、准确性等方面比较无显著性差异,P>0.01。结论:实时超声造影(CEUS)能准确判断RFA对肿瘤消融的范围及程度,是一种指导治疗,判定治疗后疗效的新方法,在原发性肝癌(RFA)微创介入治疗中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

胃癌患者术后并发症的危险因素分析

目的:探讨胃癌术后并发症的危险因素及其防治措施.方法:调查117例胃癌患者手术治疗前后的临床资料,并对术后发生并发症可能的危险因素进行评估、分析.结果:胃癌术后并发症包括切口感染、肺部感染或胸腔积液、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、吻合口瘘,发生率为35.04％(41/117),手术方式、手术时间、胃管留置时间、术后生活习惯与手术后并发症相关(P＜0.05).结论:胃癌术后并发症由多种原因综合引起,除患者素质和病变因素外,6个危险因素依次为:行全胃切除、D2清扫、手术时间＞4h、术中出血量≥800mL、胃管留置时间＞3d、长期吸烟,应重视其围手术期处理.     

Radiofrequency Ablation versus Resection for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: A Meta-Analysis

Background

No randomized controlled trial (RCT) has yet been performed to provide the evidence to clarify the therapeutic debate on liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The meta-analysis was performed to summarize the evidence mostly from retrospective clinical trials and to investigate the effect of LR and RFA.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Systematic literature search of clinical studies was carried out to compare RFA and LR for CLM in Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library Central databases. The meta-analysis was performed using risk ratio (RR) and random effect model, in which 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for RR were calculated. Primary outcomes were the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years plus mortality and morbidity. 1 prospective study and 12 retrospective studies were finally eligible for meta-analysis. LR was significantly superior to RFA in 3 -year OS (RR 1.377, 95% CI: 1.246–1.522); 5-year OS (RR: 1.474, 95%CI: 1.284–1.692); 3-year DFS (RR 1.735, 95% CI: 1.483–2.029) and 5-year DFS (RR 2.227, 95% CI: 1.823–2.720). The postoperative morbidity was higher in LR (RR: 2.495, 95% CI: 1.881–3.308), but no significant difference was found in mortality between LR and RFA. The data from the 3 subgroups (tumor<3 cm; solitary tumor; open surgery or laparoscopic approach) showed significantly better OS and DFS in patients who received surgical resection.

Conclusions/Significances

Although multiple confounders exist in the clinical trials especially the bias in patient selection, LR was significantly superior to RFA in the treatment of CLM, even when conditions limited to tumor<3 cm, solitary tumor and open surgery or laparoscopic (lap) approach. Therefore, caution should be taken when treating CLM with RFA before more supportive evidences for RFA from RCTs are obtained.