湘潭锰矿废弃地栾树人工林微量元素生物循环

对湘潭锰矿废弃地5年生栾树人工林内微量元素的含量、积累、空间分布和生物循环进行了研究。结果表明：土壤中各微量元素含量顺序为：Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd,均低于对照地,但仍未低于湖南省背景值(Fe除外)。枯枝落叶层中,仅Mn和Co从半分解到已分解阶段向土壤中转移,其他元素在分解过程中都出现了不同程度的富集,各元素在不同阶段含量没有显著差异,在分解过程中,Mn元素含量最高且与Cu、Pb、Co、Ni、Cd均存在数量级差异。栾树各组分元素含量顺序为：叶>枝>细根>皮>粗根>大根>根头>干,各元素总含量顺序为：Mn>Fe>Zn>Pb> Cu>Cd>Ni>Co;林分微量元素总贮量为15.272kg/hm_-2,其中干和枝贮存量最高,占总贮存量的54.204%。各器官微量元素贮存量顺序为：枝>干>叶>皮>根头>大根>粗根>细根;林分微量元素吸收量为5.200kg/hm₂.a,存留量为2.504kg/hm₂.a,归还量2.751kg/hm₂.a,总利用系数为2.394,循环系数为3.138,周转期为11.203a。栾树对Mn的吸收能力最强,Fe、Ni的返还系数要高于吸收系数,所有元素的分解系数都高于返还系数。Fe、Mn的迁移系数要高于分解系数,Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd的富集系数要高于其他元素。     

我国不同地区回族青年发中微量元素含量测定和比较研究

利用了子体发射光谱法对自１８个省,市,自治区（县）的５２例回族青年学生的头发中６种微量元素的含量进行了测定,用方差分析法进行了差别显著性检验,考查了地区分布因素以及性别因素对回族发样中６种微量元素的含量的影响,本文发现民族因素对回族发中６种微量元素含量的影响大于地区因素的影响。     

湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

嘉陵江8种鱼类不同组织微量元素含量分析

测定了黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）、中华倒刺钯（Spinibarbus sinensis）、大鳍鲠（Mystus macropterus）、长吻鲍（Leiocassis longirostris）、大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）、小口鲇（Silurus asotus）、岩原鲤（Procypris rabaudi）和圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）8种嘉陵江名贵鱼不同组织微量元素含量及肌肉和脑中Ca、P含量,结果表明,鱼脑中各类矿物质元素显著高于肌肉;肌肉5种微量元素总量由低到高依次为：圆口铜鱼、中华倒刺鳃、长吻鲍、大鳍鲮、黄颡鱼、大眼鳜、岩原鲤、小口鲇;而脑由低到高依次为：大眼鳜、岩原鲤、小口鲇、圆口铜鱼、大鳍鲢、中华倒刺鳃、长吻鲍、黄颡鱼。微量元素在各内脏器官的分布：铁和铜以肝（胰）脏最高,肾脏其次,胃肠最低;锰和锌的含量肾脏〉肝（胰）脏〉胃肠;镁的分布各种鱼差异较大。     

湘潭锰矿废弃地不同林龄栾树人工林碳储量变化趋势

对湘潭锰矿区废弃地植被恢复区的3年生、5年生和9年生栾树林,进行了不同时间序列栾树林生物量和碳储量的时空变化研究。结果表明:随着林龄的增长,林木和各器官生物量增加,树干生物量所占比例逐渐增大,林下植被层生物量随林龄增长而增加,且以草本植被为主;不同林龄栾树人工林乔木层碳含量在0.51—0.53gC/g之间,并高于林下植被层碳含量;不同林龄林地土壤层碳含量变化范围为0.01—0.03gC/g,同一林龄不同深度土层碳含量没有显著差异,相同深度不同林龄土层碳含量存在差异;3年生、5年生和9年生栾树碳储量分别为:1.66、18.32和49.87t/hm2,随林龄增长而增加,其中树干碳储量贡献率最大,所占比例由3年生的27.71%增长到9年生的43.43%;不同林龄栾树林生态系统总碳储量分别为77.76、101.63和149.86t/hm2,其中土壤层碳储量变化范围为76.09—99.93t/hm2,占总储量的66.68%—97.85%,死地被物层碳储量为0.01—0.04t/hm2,占总储量0.001%—0.02%,植被层碳储量为1.67—49.89t/hm2,占总碳储量的2.15%—33.29%,植被层中乔木层为1.66—49.87t/hm2,占植被层碳储量的99%以上。各林龄栾树林生态系统碳储量空间分布序列为土壤层植被层死地被物层。研究结果可为我国矿区植被恢复地的森林资源和碳汇管理提供科学依据。     

不同施肥模式下土壤微量元素变化与转化特征

以长期定位试验为平台,研究不同施肥制度下土壤Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb含量的变化及转化情况。结果表明:施肥对土壤全量微量元素含量没有显著影响,但对元素有效态含量影响显著,施肥导致土壤有效态微量元素含量增加,具体表现为化肥配施循环猪圈肥(NPK+M)处理微量元素有效态最高,单施化肥(NPK)处理次之,循环猪圈肥(M)处理更低,对照(CK)处理最低。各处理土壤微量元素收入均小于支出,不同处理间收支差额NPK+M相似文献   

西鄂尔多斯地区土壤与四合木微量元素含量特征分析

从西鄂尔多斯地区生境适宜性特征的角度,研究四合木(Tetraena mongolia)的生态适应性,探讨迁地保护不易成活的原因,对不同生境条件下四合木分布区土壤和植株微量元素含量的测定结果表明,四合木分布区土壤中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo、Se、Co、CI9种微量元素中,除B的含量明显高于国内土壤平均含量水平和荒漠区土壤平均含量水平;其它元素都低于国内土壤的平均含量;迁地实验区土壤中除Cu的有效量略低于荒漠区土壤和四合木分布区土壤的含量外,Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo的有效量均略高于荒漠区土壤和四合木分布区土壤,四合木植株中Fe、Cu、Zn、B、Se、Co的含量远高于各种类型草原植物,而Mo含量高于植物体含量均值,但低于荒漠草原植物,仅为荒漠草原植物的50％,四合木分布区土壤与四合木成株、幼苗9种微量元素相关性不显著,而且植物体中9种元素含量远远大于土壤中的有效量,从四合木植株中各元素含量与各类型草原植物(包括荒漠草原植物)和土壤中含量比较表明,四合木在生长过程中对各种元素呈富集特征,可见土壤微量元素的含量不是四合木迁地种植的制约因子。     

海南岛兴隆地区某些药用植物中的微量元素

本文研究海南兴隆地区１２种不同类型药用植物微量元素的生物吸收系数（Ａｘ）及其含量水平变化特性,结果表明不同科、属、种植物对同一元素的吸收量差异显著,以Ｍｇ＞Ａｌ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ为序;同属不同品种植物在不同生境中对微量元素的生物吸收系数各有差别,海南槟榔（Ａｘ０．３０×１０－６、１２．５１×１０－６）＞泰国槟榔（Ａｘ０．２９×１０－６、１１．５９×１０－６＞云南槟榔（Ａｘ０．２７×１０－６、１１．５６×１０－６）,元素间吸收量相比以Ｍｏ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｎｉ为例;同种植物不同器官微量元素的吸收量也是不同的,例如巴戟天的含量以根（２１８．４８×１０－６＞叶（１１５．１９×１０－６）＞茎（１１３．０２×１０－６）。植物与土壤中元素含量消长变化关系密切,相比之下,植物中Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ含量均高于Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｎｉ。绞股蓝（１８９．２６）＞巴戟天（１６９．０４）＞益智（１６１．７０）＞槟榔（１５５．８８）。     

不同产地鼠曲草中微量元素和重金属元素的ICP-MS分析

建立不同产地鼠曲草(Gnaphalium affine)中9种微量元素和5种重金属元素的测定方法。样品经消解后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定：射频功率1000 W；雾化器流量0.88 L·min^-1；辅助气流1.2 L·min^-1；冷却气流量12.0 L·min^-1；重复3次。结果表明，各元素线性关系良好，相关系数(r)在0.9965～1.0000，方法检出限为0.0011～0.0734 ng·mL^-1，相对标准偏差为0.0%～20.9%(n=3)。该方法干扰少、检出限低、分析速度快，适用于鼠曲草中微量元素和重金属元素的测定。     

孕期膳食管理对孕妇体重及妊娠结局的影响

目的：研究孕期对孕妇进行孕期膳食管理对孕妇体重变化及妊娠结局的影响。方法：选择我院接受产前检查并分娩的女性共92例纳入研究并分为观察组和对照组,对照组接受常规产前检查健康宣教,观察组接受孕期膳食管理;比较两组孕妇孕期体重变化情况、自然分娩率、巨大儿发生比率、不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果：两组孕妇孕25±2周时体重变化无明显差异（P＞0.05）;孕33±2周及分娩前体重情况均低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组孕妇自然分娩率明显高于对照组,巨大儿及不良妊娠结局发生情况显著低于对照组,以上差别有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：孕期膳食管理应用于孕妇孕期体重管理,有助于改善孕期体重增长过快及巨大儿发生情况,降低临床不良妊娠结局,值得临床推广应用。     

Serum and Testicular Trace Element Concentration in Rabbits at Different Ages

Trace elements such as Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) are essential for male fertility. The fertilizing capacity of most animals reduced with advancing age. The objective of the present work was to determine the serum and testicular levels of Zn, Cu, and Se in young (10 months old) and old (30 months old) rabbits. Blood and testicular samples were obtained from rabbits after their slaughter. All samples were digested by concentrated acids and analyzed for trace elements by flame emission atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that serum Zn and Cu were lower in old rabbits than young (P < 0.01). Serum Se was higher in old than young rabbits (P < 0.05). Testicular Cu and Se were significantly lower in old than young rabbits (P < 0.01). However, Zn level was higher in old compared to young rabbits (P < 0.01). The serum Zn and Se were higher than the testicular levels (P < 0.01). The testicular Cu in both ages was higher than the serum level (P < 0.01), which suggest a very important role for Cu in the process of spermatogenesis in rabbits.     

Circadian Blood Pressure Variability in Normotensive Pregnant Women as a Function of Parity,Maternal Age,and Stage of Gestation

Studies based on conventional office blood pressure (BP) measurements concluded that both maternal age and parity have significant effects on BP during pregnancy. Previous results have also indicated predictable trends of BP variability with gestational age. Accordingly, we have evaluated possible differences in the circadian pattern of ambulatory BP as a function of parity, maternal age, and stage of gestation in normotensive women who were systematically studied by ambulatory BP monitoring during their pregnancies. We analyzed 1408 BP profiles obtained from 126 nulliparous and 109 multiparous pregnant women sampled for 48 consecutive h every 4 weeks from the first obstetric visit (usually within the first trimester of pregnancy) until delivery. Data were divided for comparative analysis according to parity (nulliparous versus multiparous), age (≤25, 26–30, 31–35, and ≥36 yrs), and trimester of gestation. Circadian BP parameters established by population multiple‐components analysis were compared between groups using a nonparametric test. A highly statistically significant circadian pattern described by a model that includes components with periods of 24 and 12 h is demonstrated for systolic and diastolic BP for all groups of pregnant women in all trimesters (always p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the 24 h mean among groups divided by parity at any age or stage of pregnancy. A trend of increasing BP with age was found for diastolic but not for systolic BP. Although statistically significant, differences in the 24 h mean of diastolic BP among groups divided by age were always less than 2 mm Hg. Data obtained from systematic ambulatory monitoring in normotensive pregnant women indicate the lack of differences in BP according to parity. The small, although significant, increase in diastolic BP with age may have scarce influence in the proper identification of women with gestational hypertension. Reference thresholds for BP to be used in the early identification of hypertensive complications in pregnancy could thus be developed as a function of the rest‐activity cycle and gestational age only, and independently of parity or maternal age.     

Real-Time Placental Perfusion on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Parametric Imaging Analysis in Rats at Different Gestation Time and Different Portions of Placenta

Objectives

To quantitatively analyze placental perfusion in a rat model at different gestation time and different portions of placenta by real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and parametric imaging analysis.

Materials and Methods

Sixty pregnant rats at different gestation time (15 dys,17 days and 20 days) were injected intravenously with microbubbles (5×10⁵ microbubbles /ml, 1.0 ml/kg), and cadence contrast pulse sequencing (transmission frequency of 7 MHz, mechanical index 0.18) was performed. Dynamic enhancement changes in placenta at different gestation time and different portions of placenta were measured and enhancement parameters analyzed with software. Correlation between enhancement parameters and average area densities of placenta vascular compartment was compared.

Results

The pattern and real-time sequence of enhancement in uterus and placenta were clearly depicted by CEUS. The time-to-peak enhancement was earlier in central portion than that in peripheral portion (12.30±6.33s vs 36.26±10.65 s, p = 0.005), and peak intensity of enhancement is much higher in central portion than that in peripheral portion (30.20±2.85 dB vs 20.95±6.25 dB, p = 0.000). The peak intensity of enhancement at day 15 (27.70±4.47 dB) was lower than that at day 17 (30.20±2.85 dB, p = 0.042) and at day 20 (31.85±4.41 dB, p = 0.015) of gestation. Significant correlation between average area densities of vascular compartment and the peak intensity of enhancement was identified in placenta at different gestation time (p<0.05). The average area densities of vascular compartment was higher in central portion than that in peripheral portion and has significant correlation with peak intensity of enhancement of the two potions (p<0.01).

Conclusion

CEUS is feasible to depict real-time sequence and quantitative parameters of perfusion in different portion of placenta at different gestational time in a rat model.     

The Impact of Maternal Overweight on Hair Essential Trace Element and Mineral Content in Pregnant Women and Their Children

Biological Trace Element Research - The aim of the present study was to investigate hair essential trace elements and mineral levels in 105 pregnant normal-weight (control) and 55 overweight and...     

Identification of Human Age Using Trace Element Concentrations in Hair and the Support Vector Machine Method

Trace element content in hair is affected by the age of the donor. Hair samples of subjects from four counties in China where people are known to have long lifespan (“longevity counties”) were collected and the trace element content determined. Samples were subdivided into three age groups based on the age of the donors from whom these were taken: children (0–15 years); elderly (80–99 years); and centenarians (≥100 years). We compared the trace element content in hair of different age groups of subjects. Support vector machine classification results showed that a non-linear polynomial kernel function could be used to classify the three age groups of people. Age did not have a significant effect on the content of Ca and Cd in human hair. The content of Li, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni in human hair changed significantly with age. The magnitude of the age effect on trace element content in hair was in the order Cu > Zn > Ni > Mg > Mn > Cr > Li. Cu content in hair decreased significantly with increasing age. The hair of centenarians had higher levels of Li and Mn, and lower levels of Cr, Cu, and Ni comparing with that of the children and elderly subjects. This could be a beneficial factor of their long lifespan.     

青岛地区孕妇产前传染性标志物检测结果分析

目的：了解青岛地区的孕妇在2001年-2009年间感传染性疾病的情况。方法：乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）、人免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）的检测采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）,梅毒测定采用快速血浆反应素（RPR）环状卡片实验,对青岛地区2001年-2009年门诊收治的39369名孕妇的血液进行HbsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒的检测,并对检测结果进行统计与分析。结果：2001年-2009年间青岛地区的孕妇产前感染以HBsAg多见,其次是梅毒感染和丙型肝炎病毒感染,阳性率分别为3.94%,0.18%和0.15%,抗-HIV暂未检出。各年间各种传染性疾病感染率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：通过对孕妇产前进行传染性标志物的检测,为临床预防及控制母婴垂直传播传染性疾病的发生提供了依据。     

青岛地区孕妇产前传染性标志物检测结果分析

目的:了解青岛地区的孕妇在2001年-2009年间感传染性疾病的情况。方法:乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)的检测采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA),梅毒测定采用快速血浆反应素(RPR)环状卡片实验,对青岛地区2001年-2009年门诊收治的39369名孕妇的血液进行HbsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒的检测,并对检测结果进行统计与分析。结果:2001年-2009年间青岛地区的孕妇产前感染以HBsAg多见,其次是梅毒感染和丙型肝炎病毒感染,阳性率分别为3.94%,0.18%和0.15%,抗-HIV暂未检出。各年间各种传染性疾病感染率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:通过对孕妇产前进行传染性标志物的检测,为临床预防及控制母婴垂直传播传染性疾病的发生提供了依据。     

福建滨海风砂土区木麻黄的生长与微量元素钼的关系

福建滨海风砂土区木麻黄的生长与微量元素钼的关系沙济琴，郑达贤（福建师范大学地理研究所，福州３５０００７）ＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐＢｅｔｗｅｅｎＣａｓｕａｒｉｎａｅｑｕｉｓｅｔｉｆｏｒｉａＧｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄＴｒａｃｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔＭｏｉｎＣｏａｓｔａｌ...