原因不明子宫内膜薄雌激素受体α基因多态性及其表达

旨在探讨原因不明子宫内膜薄雌激素受体α(estrogen receptor alpha,ERα)基因多态性及其与表达的关系。选择120名原因不明子宫内膜薄患者为试验组,120名子宫内膜正常人群作为对照组。应用分子生物学的方法分析ERα基因PvuⅡ,XbaⅠ限制性片段长度多态性。通过逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western印迹法分析ERα表达。结果显示,P基因型频率试验组为47.1%,对照组为30.0%,OR值:2.076。试验组X基因型频率为20.8%,对照组为30.4%,OR值:0.602。Pvu II和Xba I限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。试验组ERα的mRNA和蛋白质表达均比对照组降低(P0.05)。由此得出,ERα基因多态性与原因不明子宫内膜薄有关,P等位基因可能是其危险因素,X等位基因可能是其保护因素。ERα在子宫内膜中原因不明子宫内膜薄中的表达低于子宫内膜厚度正常子宫内膜。     

整合素α1和嗜铬素A在子宫内膜癌中的检测表达

目的:探讨整合素α1和嗜铬素A与子宫内膜癌的相关性。方法:收集哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院病理科2006年5月至2008年10月存档的113例石蜡包埋子宫内膜标本并进行分类,应用免疫组织化学方法检测内膜组织中整合素α1和嗜铬素A的定位及表达情况。结果:在正常子宫内膜、单纯增生、复杂增生、不典型增生及子宫内膜癌中,整合素α1的表达随病变加重呈上升趋势,正常子宫内膜与增生性内膜及内膜癌比较有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.001),增生性内膜与内膜癌比较有显著性差异(P0.05),在内膜癌中,整合素α1表达与细胞分化程度相关;嗜铬素A表达亦呈上升趋势,正常子宫内膜与增生内膜及内膜癌比较有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.05),但增生性内膜与内膜癌比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:整合素α1的过表达与子宫内膜癌的发生相关,嗜铬素A与子宫内膜癌的相关性仍有待于进一步研究。     

TFF2、ERa和ERβ在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究三叶因子2(Trefoil factors2,TFF2)及雌激素受体ERa,ERβ在子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不不典型增生及正常子宫内膜组织中的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化法对14例正常子宫内膜组织、22例子宫内膜不典型增生及82例子宫内膜癌病例中TFF2,ERa和ERβ的蛋白表达进行检测,观察在不同子宫内膜组织中TFF2,ERa和ERβ蛋白的表达情况。结果:TFF2在正常子宫内膜中的阳性表达率为85.7%(12/14),在不典型增生组织中的阳性表达率72.7%(16/22),在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率为57.3%(47/82),TFF2蛋白表达强度在正常、不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。TFF2蛋白表达与肿瘤的分化程度,肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与浸润程度无关。ERa在正常子宫内膜中的阳性表达率为92.8%(13/14),在不典型增生组织中的阳性表达率为86.4%(19/22),在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率为53.7%(44/82),ERa蛋白表达强度在正常,不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),ERa蛋白表达与肿瘤的分化程度和浸润程度有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移无关。ERβ在14例正常子宫内膜组织中ERβ蛋白阳性表达率为78.6%(11/14),在子宫内膜不典型增生中的蛋白阳性表达率为72.7%(16/22),在82例子宫内膜癌组织中ERβ蛋白阳性表达率为48.8%(40/82),ERβ蛋白表达强度在正常、不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),ERβ蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润程度有关,与肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移无关。结论:TFF2、ERa和ERβ在正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜不典型增生、子宫内膜癌中的表达逐渐降低,为进一步研究在子宫内膜癌诊治中的作用提供依据。     

原因不明月经过少子宫内膜雌激素受体β基因多态性及其表达

目的:探讨原因不明月经过少子宫内膜雌激素受体β(ERβ)基因多态性及其与表达的关系。方法:从2组人群中分别选取原因不明月经过少子宫内膜组织40例、月经量正常子宫内膜组织40例,通过逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western印迹检测ERβ的表达;分析实验组与对照组ERβmRNA及蛋白质的表达情况,将ERβ基因的各基因型、等位基因型与子宫内膜ERβmRNA及蛋白质的表达之间分别进行比较。结果:实验组ERβmRNA表达量为0.6457±0.2957,对照组为0.9637±0.3621,实验组比对照组表达下调,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.589,P0.001);实验组ERβ蛋白质表达量为347.37±30.35,对照组为445.21±45.67,实验组比对照组表达下调,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.353,P0.001);2组RsaⅠ基因型、AluⅠ基因型、CA重复序列基因型ERβ表达差异均无统计学意义。结论:原因不明月经过少患者ERβmRNA及蛋白质在子宫内膜中的表达低于月经量正常子宫内膜,可能与月经量减少有关;2组人群ERβ基因RsaⅠ、AluⅠ、CA重复序列基因型及等位基因型子宫内膜表达无差异。     

ERα-29 位基因多态性与HBV相关原发性肝癌易感性的关系分析

目的:探讨ERα-29位基因多态性与HBV相关原发性肝癌(PHC)易感性的关系。方法:通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测我院100例HBV相关原发性肝癌患者(PHC组)与95例同期健康体检者(对照组)的ERα-29位基因多态性并对两组间各等位基因、基因型频率进行比较。结果:PHC组ERα-29位基因的TT、TC和CC基因型分别有31例(31.00%)、45例(45.00%)和24例(24.00%),T与C等位基因频率分别为53.50%和46.50%,对照组ERα-29位基因的TT、TC和CC型基因型分别有11例(11.58%)、39例(41.05%)和45例(47.37%),T与C等位基因频率分别为32.11%和67.89%,两组间基因型分布、等位基因频率差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);T等位基因发生PHC的风险是C等位基因的2.43倍(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.37~4.32)。结论:ERα-29位基因与HBV相关原发性肝癌易感性有关,其中T等位基因可增加发生风险。     

原因不明子宫内膜薄雌激素受体β基因RsaⅠ、AluⅠ多态性

旨在探讨重庆地区雌激素受体β基因RsaⅠ、AluⅠ多态性与原因不明子宫内膜薄的关系.选择重庆地区120名原因不明子宫内膜薄患者为试验组,120名正常子宫内膜作为对照组.应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性的方法分析ERβ基因RsaⅠ、AluⅠ多态性.观察ER β基因多态性在试验组与对照组中的分布,分析各基因型、等位基因型及单倍体型特征.结果显示,两组ER β基因RsaⅠ基因型比较差异有显著性,R等位基因型频率试验组为37.1%,对照组为48.3%,OR值为0.630(95%CI=0.438～0.907),P=0.013;两组ER β基因AluⅠ基因型比较差异没有显著性.试验组和对照组ER β基因RsaI和AluI单倍体型D′分别=0.1138、0.0680,其连锁不平衡性不强.ER β基因多态性与原因不明子宫内膜薄有关,R等位基因可能是其保护因素.     

ERα-29位基因多态性与HBV相关原发性肝癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨ERα-29位基因多态性与HBV相关原发性肝癌(PHC)易感性的关系。方法:选择100例HBV相关原发性肝癌患者作为研究组,另选择100例健康体检者作为对照组。应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测两组ERα-29位基因多态性。结果:研究组ERα-29位基因TT和TC基因型分布高于对照组,而CC基因型分布低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组T等位基因频率高于对照组,而C等位基因频率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。T等位基因发生PHC的风险高于C等位基因(P0.05)。结论:ERα-29位基因多态性与HBV相关原发性肝癌的易感性有关,其中T等位基因发生PHC的风险较高。     

I型子宫内膜癌组织中HIF-1α、Snail与E-cadherin的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨I型子宫内膜癌组织中HIF-1α的表达,以及调控Snail和E-cadherin对肿瘤侵袭性生物学行为的影响.方法 采用免疫组化方法,结合组织芯片技术,检测124例I型子宫内膜癌、28例内膜不典型增生、35例正常内膜组织中HIF-1α、Snail和E-cadherin的表达水平,分析三种蛋白表达之间的相关性及与临床病理因素的关系.结果 I型子宫内膜癌组织中HIF-1α、Snail和E-cadherin的表达率分别为61.3%、46.8%、36.3%,与正常内膜和不典型增生内膜组织相比,有显著统计学差异(P<0.01).HIF-1α表达与病理分级、肿瘤肌层浸润和淋巴结转移明显相关(P<0.05).Snail表达与FIGO分期、淋巴结转移明显相关(P<0.05).E-cadherin的缺失与肿瘤肌层浸润和淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.01).I型子宫内膜癌组织中HIF-1α和Snail的表达呈明显正相关(r=0.214,P=0.017),而Snail和E-cadherin的表达存在负相关关系(r=–0.203,P=0.024).结论 HIF-1α可能通过上调Snail的表达和抑制E-cadherin的表达在I型子宫内膜癌发生、侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用.     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。