睡眠剥夺对大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的影响

目的：颞下颌关节紊乱病是口腔科的一种常见病和多发病,精神心理因素是颞下颌关节紊乱病的一个主要病因。本文通过观察睡眠剥夺对大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的影响,探讨睡眠剥夺在颞下颌关节紊乱病发病中的作用。方法：35只Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组：睡眠剥夺1d组、5d组、9d组、正常对照组和大平台对照组。采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法（modified multiple plat—formmethod,MMPM）建立大鼠SD模型,观察大鼠行为学及咀嚼肌肌电图的变化。结果：睡眠剥夺1d组和5d组在旷场实验水平得分和垂直得分上均高于对照组,而睡眠剥夺9d组均低于对照组;睡眠剥夺1d、5d和9d组在松弛状态和紧咬状态时颞肌前后束及咬肌的电位均明显高于对照组,且两侧无明显差别,同时,睡眠剥夺组双侧颞肌和咬肌的肌电图静息期较对照组显著延长。结论：睡眠剥夺可使大鼠行为学发生改变并对咀嚼肌肌电图造成影响,这可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一,为我们对颞下颌关节紊乱病的预防和治疗提供了一定的理论指导。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠心肌损伤效应和抗氧化指标的影响

目的：探讨睡眠剥夺对大鼠心肌和抗氧化指标的影响。方法：大鼠随机分为睡眠剥夺2 d组（SD 2 d）、睡眠剥夺4 d组（SD 4 d）、睡眠剥夺6 d组（SD 6 d）、大平台对照组（TC）、正常对照组（CC）,利用＂小平台水环境法＂建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,利用BL-410机能实验系统描记体表心电图,采用光镜及透射电镜观察心肌形态学改变,测定心肌线粒体丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果：睡眠剥夺组大鼠心率加快,心电图出现缺血性改变;心肌细胞染色质、肌浆网、线粒体、闰盘等亚细胞结构出现损伤性改变,部分心肌纤维溶解、坏死,心肌间质水肿、出血、炎性细胞浸润;心肌线粒体MDA水平升高,SOD活性随睡眠剥夺时间延长有降低趋势。结论：睡眠剥夺能够引起大鼠心肌损伤,其引起的氧化应激可能是心肌损伤的机制。     

MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13在慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌关节损伤中的变化

目的：观察MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 在慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌关节损伤中表达的变化,探讨慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌 关节损伤的可能机制。方法：采用改良多平台(MMPM)建立大鼠慢性睡眠剥夺模型,将90 只成年雄性Wastar 大鼠随机分为小平 台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00-16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验 第7、14 和21 d时分别观察动物的行为学观察、检测动物血浆皮质醇(CORT)和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平检测,通过免疫印 迹法和实时定量聚合酶链反应(PRC)检测颞下颌关节软骨中MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 的蛋白和mRNA表达,并通过HE 染色 法观察颞下颌关节结构的变化。结果：与对照组和网格组大鼠相比,小平台组大鼠第14 d和21 d 时髁突软骨中间部位表面纤维 在出现明显的炎症、松解及脱落现象;第21天时的血浆ACTH 和CORT 水平均显著高于网格组和对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05);第7、14、21 d时关节软骨MMP-1 和MMP-13 蛋白和mRNA 的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05)。结论：慢性睡眠剥夺所致 的颞下颌关节损伤可能与关节软骨中MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 的表达上调有关。     

丁苯酞对睡眠剥夺大鼠额叶小胶质细胞活化的影响

目的:探讨丁苯酞对慢性睡眠剥夺后大鼠脑部额叶小胶质细胞活化及炎症因子的影响。方法:本实验共分为4组(n=8):空白对照组、大平台对照组、慢性睡眠剥夺组、丁苯酞干预组。慢性睡眠剥夺组和丁苯酞干预组采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法建立大鼠慢性睡眠剥夺模型,对大鼠进行每日18 h,连续28 d的睡眠剥夺。在这28d内,空白对照组大鼠不进行睡眠干预,大平台对照组大鼠放于大平台箱内。丁苯酞干预组在睡眠剥夺28 d结束后按100 mg/kg腹腔注射丁苯酞针剂,每日1次,共14 d,其他组大鼠在这14 d内腹腔注射同样剂量的生理盐水。腹腔注射结束后各组大鼠取脑组织,免疫组化检测额叶皮质离子钙接头分子(Iba-1)阳性细胞并计数,Western blot检测额叶诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、精氨酸酶1(Arg1)表达,实时定量PCR检测额叶白介素-1(IL-1) mRNA、IL-6 mRNA、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α) mRNA。结果:与空白对照组、大平台对照组比较,慢性睡眠剥夺组额叶Iba-1阳性细胞体积增大伴细胞突起增多,且细胞数增加(P均<0.05),iNOS和IL-1 mRNA、IL-6...     

次声作用后血管内皮细胞超微结构的实验观察

目的: 观察8 Hz、130 dB次声不同时间暴露后大鼠血管内皮细胞的超微结构及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.方法: 用8 Hz、130 dB的次声连续作用大鼠1 d、7 d、14 d,每天2 h,观察血管内皮细胞超微结构及VEGF表达的改变.结果: 在次声暴露期间,与对照组比较,7 d时内皮细胞出现线粒体肿胀和内质网扩张,14 d时出现内皮细胞脱落;VEGF表达随时间较对照组增强.结论: 次声可引血管内皮细胞超微结构与VEGF表达的变化,这些变化和次声暴露的时间有关.     

慢性睡眠剥夺对颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:研究慢性睡眠障碍对大鼠颞下颌关节微结构的影响。方法:采用改良多平台法(MMPM)建立睡眠剥夺模型,将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=30),分别为小平台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00—16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验第7、14和21天时分别行动物行为学观察、旷场试验和动物血浆检测,并通过HE染色和扫描电镜观察颞下颌关节微结构的变化。结果:与对照组和网格组相比,小平台组大鼠血清促肾上腺激素(ACTH)和皮质醇(CORT)水平均增高(P<0.05),髁突软骨HE染色显示软骨细胞层次及厚度改变;扫描电镜结果显示关节盘表面纤维排列松散。结论:慢性睡眠障碍可能导致颞下颌关节微结构发生病理性改变。     

丁苯酞对睡眠剥夺大鼠脑额叶HMGB1和RAGE表达的影响

目的:探讨丁苯酞对睡眠剥夺大鼠脑额叶高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)和晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)表达的影响。方法:建立Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠慢性睡眠剥夺和丁苯酞干预模型,共分为3组(n=6):大平台对照组、慢性睡眠剥夺组、慢性睡眠剥夺+丁苯酞组,慢性睡眠剥夺组采用睡眠剥夺箱对大鼠进28 d, 18 h/d的睡眠剥夺,慢性睡眠剥夺+丁苯酞组在睡眠剥夺28 d后腹腔注射丁苯酞100 mg/(kg·d),共14 d。各组大鼠取脑部标本,免疫组化检测额叶高迁移率族蛋白1 (HMGB1)、核转录因子kappB(NF-κB) p65表达,Western blot检测大鼠额叶HMGB1、沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)、晚期糖基化终产物(RAGE)、NF-κB表达。结果:与大平台对照组比较,慢性睡眠剥夺组大鼠额叶HMGB1、RAGE、细胞核NF-κBp65表达显著增多(P均<0.05),而SIRT1表达显著减少(P<0.05);与慢性睡眠剥夺组比较,慢性睡眠剥夺+丁苯酞组大鼠额叶HMGB1、RAGE、细胞核NF-κBp65表达显著减少(P均<0.05),而SI...     

抑郁症失眠大鼠模型的构建与评价

目的 采用慢性不可预见性中度应激联合快速和慢性改良多平台水环境睡眠剥夺的方法复制抑郁症失眠大鼠模型,对两种造模方法比较,选择最佳造模方式.方法 84只大鼠按体重随机分为空白组、环境对照组、慢性应激组、72 h睡眠剥夺组、慢性应激+72 h睡眠剥夺组、21 d睡眠剥夺组、慢性应激+21 d睡眠剥夺组,共7组,每组12只....     

长期睡眠剥夺对小鼠蓝斑核线粒体氧化应激及皮层投射的影响

目的：观察长期睡眠剥夺后小鼠蓝斑核线粒体氧化应激状态的变化以及蓝斑核对前扣带回皮质投射的影响。方法：采用“新环境”法建立睡眠剥夺模型。观察小鼠经过5d睡眠剥夺后蓝斑核线粒体氧化应激调控关键酶Sirtuin亚型3（SIRT3）、线粒体氧化应激标记物热休克蛋白60（HSP60）表达量以及前扣带回皮质酪氨酸羟化酶样投射的变化情况。结果：长期睡眠剥夺后,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠蓝斑核SIRT3的表达量显著下调,同时HSP60的表达量则显著上调。此外,模型组前扣带回皮质酪氨酸羟化酶样投射面积百分比显著降低。结论：长期睡眠剥夺通过降低SIRT3的表达影响蓝斑核线粒体氧化应激水平,可能引起蓝斑核对前扣带回皮质投射的丢失。     

银杏叶提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠膈肌收缩能力的影响

目的:观察银杏叶提取物(GbE)对2型糖尿病大鼠膈肌收缩能力和能量代谢酶活性的影响。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组10只,造模组30只。应用高糖高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素诱发2型糖尿病大鼠模型。随机选取造模成功大鼠20只平均分成2组:糖尿病组、GbE治疗组。GbE治疗组按8mg/(kg.d)剂量腹腔注射GbE,持续8周。测定各组大鼠膈肌单收缩张力(Pt)、最大强直张力(P0)、疲劳指数(FI)的水平;检测膈肌组织中的细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性,并观察其超微结构的变化。结果:与对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠膈肌Pt、P0、FI水平降低(P0.01);CCO、LDH、SDH活性下降(P0.01);电镜下主要表现为膈肌线粒体扩张,嵴变短,空泡化。GbE治疗组上述变化明显减轻。结论:GbE增强2型糖尿病大鼠膈肌有氧氧化和糖酵解能力,改善线粒体呼吸链功能,能提高2型糖尿病大鼠膈肌的收缩能力。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418