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量子点荧光标记技术的研究热点及面临的挑战 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
半导体量子点作为新型荧光标记物,在生物医学领域具有重要应用.与传统的有机染料及荧光蛋白等荧光标记物相比,半导体量子点具有发光颜色可调、激发范围宽、发射光谱窄、化学及光稳定性好、表面化学丰富以及生物偶联技术成熟等诸多优势,为生命体系的靶向示踪,高灵敏、原位、实时、动态荧光成像,DNA及蛋白质检测,靶向药物,临床医学,生物芯片和传感器等研究提供了新的发展契机.基于作者在半导体量子点生物荧光成像和安全性评价研究的基础,综述了半导体量子点荧光标记物在生命科学与医学领域应用的研究热点,并对半导体量子点荧光标记技术走向实用面临的挑战进行了评述. 相似文献
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细胞作为生命体基本的结构和功能单元,在生物、医学等领域有着非常重要的研究意义。随着现代科学和技术的发展,科学家们借助电镜对细胞以及细胞器的空间结构已经有非常清晰的认识,但是对它们的功能以及细胞之间的相互作用却了解得非常少,而这恰恰又是疾病治疗和药物开发亟需了解的信息,因此对离体活细胞(简称活细胞)和活体生物组织细胞(简称活体细胞)中亚细胞器的研究变得非常重要。然而细胞中许多细胞器的结构在纳米量级,传统的光学成像技术由于受到光学衍射极限的限制是无法观察到纳米量级的生物结构,因此光学超分辨成像技术是目前研究亚细胞器结构和功能的有效工具。在所有光学超分辨显微技术中,受激发射损耗显微术(stimulated emission depletionmicroscopy,STED)由于具有实时成像、三维超分辨和断层成像的能力,非常适合用于纳米尺度的活细胞和活体细胞成像研究,而且STED超分辨成像技术经过近几十年的发展,已经广泛用于活细胞甚至活体小鼠细胞的超分辨动态观测。本文总结了近年来活细胞和活体小鼠神经元细胞等领域STED超分辨成像的研究进展,介绍了用于活细胞和活体细胞STED超分辨成像的荧光染料... 相似文献
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目的量子点是近年来发展起来的一种新型的荧光纳米材料,与传统的材料相比具有独特的性质,所以在生物传感器、实时追踪、多色标记及成像等方面有着广泛的应用。本文主要对量子点在细菌标记和抗菌等方面的应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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量子点荧光探针是近几年发展起来的一种新型荧光标记物,拥有荧光染料及荧光蛋白所不能比拟的独特优势,已经在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像和病灶的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。本文对量子点的光学特性、生物化修饰及其在生物成像等方面的应用进展进行了较为详细的介绍,并展望了其应用发展。 相似文献
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量子点在生物医学中的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
半导体量子点是无机纳米结晶,构成于硒化镉核心和硫化锌外壳.这种荧光标记物的发射光强是常用有机荧光染料的20倍,稳定性是其100倍.量子点的发射波长取决于核心粒子的大小,而每一种单色量子点的发射波长窄而对称.这些光学特性使量子点在医学诊断、药物的高速筛选以及基因和蛋白质的高通量分析方面具有广泛的应用前景.基于量子点的稳定性和生物相容性,有可能通过标记不同颜色的量子点到不同的分子,观察它们在活细胞内的运动. 相似文献
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为了为利用量子点标记细胞、组织,进一步研究其功能提供新的方法,本实验观察了3种发射波长的量子点(quautum dost,QDs)对所标记的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和正常皮肤的影响。利用发射波长610mm的红色荧光水溶液(量子点610)、发射波长为523mm的绿色荧光水溶液(量子点523)和发射波长576nm的黄色荧光脂溶性溶液(量子点576)的3种量子点(5mg/ml)以及具有吞噬能力的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞、正常皮肤为载体,观察不同的除菌方式、温度、封片剂及固定剂对量子点标记细胞、组织的影响,为量子点在生物体内的应用及在生物制片过程中对其性能的影响等研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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