BR-TRG-Ⅰ型体腔热灌注治疗系统安全性评估的动物实验

目的探讨应用BR-TRG-I型体腔热灌注治疗系统进行持续循环腹腔热灌注治疗（continuous circulatory hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion treatment,CCHIP）对实验动物的生命体征、肝肾功能及内脏器官病理形态的影响。方法选用家猪作为实验动物,应用BR-TRG-I型体腔热灌注治疗系统建立CCHIP动物模型,分别用44℃、45℃的设定温度进行CCHIP。在CCHIP期间记录实验动物的生命体征变化;CCHIP前及治疗后1d、3d、7d和14d抽取外周血液保存备检;CCHIP结束后即刻及2周后处死动物,观察内脏器官的大体形态学改变,切取肝、肾、小肠等器官进行病理检查。结果44℃CCHIP持续1.5h对猪的生命体征、肝肾功能无明显影响,肝、肾、小肠等脏器损伤较轻,2周后恢复正常;45℃CCHIP持续1.5h对猪的生命体征影响严重,肝肾功能损害持续2周尚不能恢复正常,肝、肾、小肠等脏器病理损伤明显。结论44℃温度CCHIP1.5h安全可行,可以作为CCHIP的安全温度;45℃温度CCHIP1.5h可对实验动物肝肾功能造成严重损害,不适合作为CCHIP的治疗温度。     

灵芝多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠模型的治疗作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖对链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠降糖降脂作用.方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,分组给予不同剂量灵芝多糖4周,观察血糖及血生化指标.结果:灵芝多糖三个剂量组降糖作用显著,随着剂量增大,降糖作用增强,且均能显著降低胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白;与阳性对照药物相比,灵芝多糖各剂量组降低血脂作用均弱于格列本脲.结论:灵芝多糖对STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠有一定的降低血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯作用.     

PEMFs治疗绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠的安全性影响

目的:探讨低频率低强度脉冲电磁场(PEMFs)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症(OP)大鼠安全性的影响.方法:3-5月龄雌性SD大鼠经手术分别摘取两侧卵巢(OVX),对照组实行假性去除卵巢手术(Sham),术后1月对手术组大鼠分组治疗,3个月后处死动物,对经过PEMFs照射治疗的大鼠进行全面观察,通过监测机体一般生命症状、重要脏器指数、血液生化学指标进行安全性评价.结果:通过一般体征、摄食量观察,血液生化指标检测、动物脏器解剖,经过统计学分析,发现经过为期3个月的治疗后,对大鼠的肝脏、肾脏功能没有明显影响,重要脏器指数与正常组没有差异,提示PEMFs照射对骨质疏松大鼠没有影响.结论:PEMFs照射治疗对于骨质疏松大鼠是安全的.     

炎症诱导的新型大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的建立及Rb1的防治作用

目的通过激发大鼠炎症反应建立新型动脉粥样硬化（AS）动物模型并观察人参皂苷Rb1的抗AS作用。方法模型组采用酵母多糖混悬液（20 mg/kg）每隔3d腹腔注射一次,引发大鼠持续性炎症;相同方法注射无菌石蜡液作为对照组;Rb1组同时腹腔注射Rb1（40 mg/kg）;所有大鼠均喂食高脂饲料,实验共10周。分别通过苏丹染色、透射电镜、real time PCR、免疫组化、ELISA观察大鼠主动脉壁大体标本、超微结构、NFκB、TNFα、IL6的表达。结果模型组可见红染的脂纹、斑块形成,电镜显示内膜下层出现吞噬脂滴的泡沫细胞,NFκB/P65高表达于主动脉壁的内膜层,TNFα、IL6水平均明显高于对照组,经Rb1干预后大体标本可见AS病变明显减轻,电镜下未见泡沫细胞,NFκB、TNFα、IL6水平均较模型组显著降低。结论在高脂喂饲的基础上持续炎症刺激能够成功诱导大鼠AS模型,人参皂苷Rb1能够通过抑制炎症反应抗AS。     

实验性腹膜炎肺损伤时大黄的保护作用

目的探讨大黄对实验性腹膜炎时肺损伤的保护作用.方法用酵母多糖A腹腔注射制备大鼠急性腹膜炎模型,诱发肺脏损伤.将SD大鼠随机分为4组:(1)正常组,(2)模型组,(3)大黄实验组,(4)抗生素实验组(氨苄西林组).测定肺组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、谷光甘肽(GSH)和血清内毒素水平,并进行血气分析及外周血WBC计数.结果大黄组内毒素、肺组织匀浆中MDA和XOD,以及白细胞计数均明显低于模型组(P＜0.05),而还原GSH变化不明显.结论大黄可能通过降低外周及门静脉血内毒素水平,抑制脂质过氧化和加强自由基的清除,从而减轻实验性腹膜炎引起的肺损伤.     

脐血干细胞静脉输注治疗失代偿期肝硬化1例并文献复习

目的:探讨脐血干细胞静脉输注对失代偿期肝硬化的临床治疗效果.方法:患者为慢性重症肝炎、肝硬化失代偿期,采用脐血干细胞静脉输注治疗共2次,治疗后半年观察血清转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、r-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、结合胆红素(DBIL)、非结合胆红素(IBIL)、凝血酶原时间(PT)水平变化,同时观察临床症状、体征改善情况.结果:各项实验室指标逐渐正常,腹水消退,临床症状明显改善.结论:脐血干细胞静脉输注治疗失代偿期肝硬化安全、简便、有效.     

大承气汤对MODS时肠道细菌微生态学影响的实验研究

目的探讨多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)大鼠肠道细菌微生态的变化及其与肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位的关系,并观察大承气汤的影响。方法32只SD大鼠随机分成4组,对照组、模型组、大承气组和氨苄青霉素组。腹腔注射无菌酵母多糖A制备大鼠MODS模型。各组动物于造模后48 h无菌操作抽取外周静脉血和门静脉血进行内毒素含量测定;取肠系膜淋巴结进行细菌定量培养,取回肠和盲肠内容物进行肠腔内游离内毒素测定;取盲肠内容物进行肠道细菌微生态学分析。结果模型组外周血和门静脉血内毒素水平以及肠腔内游离内毒素含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,模型组肠道菌群出现明显变化。肠球菌、肠杆菌数量明显增加,而双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量出现显著下降,类杆菌数量亦出现明显下降(P<0.05)。模型组厌氧菌总数明显下降而需氧菌总数明显增加,同时厌氧菌总数/需氧菌总数的比值和B/E比值呈相应下降,发生倒置(P<0.05);正常对照组未发现肠道细菌向肠系膜淋巴结的易位,而模型组细菌易位阳性率是83.33%(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,大承气汤组上述各指标均出现明显变化(P<0.05);抗生素组作用不明显(P>0.05)。结论MODS时大鼠肠道细菌微生态出现明显变化,发生肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位。大承气汤可以调整肠道菌群,恢复肠道微生态平衡,增加机体定植抗力,防治细菌易位和内毒素血症。     

连续性血浆滤过吸附对严重感染合并MODS患者炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨连续性血浆滤过吸附对严重感染合并多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者炎症因子水平的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2013年3月-2016年3月收治严重感染合并MODS患者共160例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(80例)和观察组(80例),患者均先给予高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗,观察组加用连续性血浆滤过吸附辅助治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、碳酸氢根(HCO_3~-)、肌酐(Scr)、总胆红素(TBi L)、急性生理与慢性健康II(APACHE Ⅱ)评分、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白介素6(IL-6)水平。结果:两组治疗后MAP、Scr、TBi L、TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP及APACHE Ⅱ评分均有所降低,而HR、SpO_2、HCO_3~-水平均上升,且观察组以上各指标改善更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:连续性血浆滤过吸附辅助治疗严重感染合并MODS可有效稳定生命体征,改善生化指标,延缓病情进展,并有助于降低机体炎症反应水平。     

多因素复合制作气虚血瘀证脑缺血动物模型的实验研究

目的通过复制气虚血瘀证型大鼠脑缺血动物模型,探索病证结合动物模型制作方法.方法选用老年Wistar大鼠,采用饥饿、疲劳、寒湿、惊恐、高脂饮食等多因素复合方法复制气虚血瘀证动物模型,采用双侧颈总动脉结扎复制脑缺血动物模型.结果通过对一般体征和微观指标的观测,发现模型大鼠基本符合中医气虚血瘀证候特点和现代医学脑缺血病理变化规律.[HTH〗结论多因素复合作用可成功复制病证结合动物模型,本动物模型有可能成为将来中医药防治脑缺血科研工作的实验基础.     

肺泡巨噬细胞对豚鼠气道平滑肌神经兴奋的影响

以调理酵母多糖（ＯＰＺ）激活的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）上清液,作用于受电场刺激的豚鼠单个气管环平滑肌标本。结果显示,对气道平滑肌（ＡＳＭ）胆碱能神经兴奋有易化作用,其机理可能是ＡＭ释放前列腺素类物质（ＰＧｓ）促进了接头前膜ＡＣｈ的释放。ＡＭ上清液对肾上腺素能和非肾上腺素能抑制神经活动没有明显影响,但使ＡＳＭ舒张恢复５０％时程（ＲＴ１／２）缩短,提示在病理情况下ＡＭ大量激活时,可导致气道口径缩小、阻力增大;这可能在哮喘的发病中起一定作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.