树脂灌血液灌流在顽固性高血压患者血液透析中的应用

目的:探讨树脂灌血液灌流对血液透析顽固性高血压患者血压及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的影响。方法:选择我院82例,均分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组各41例,Ⅰ组患者采用金宝8LR聚酰胺膜透析器进行常规透析,Ⅱ组患者在常规透析的基础上串联树脂血液灌流,检测两组患者治疗前和治疗后3个月血清肌酐、尿素氮变化情况,和患者体内肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮变化情况,并对血压变化值进行比较。结果:两组患者治疗后3个月血肌酐、血尿素氮均明显较治疗前降低,Ⅰ组患者治疗后3个月收缩压和舒张压较治疗前均无明显变化,Ⅱ组治疗后3个月收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前明显降低,Ⅰ组治疗后3个月肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮较治疗前无明显差异,Ⅱ组治疗后3个月肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮较治疗前均明显降低。结论:血液透析联合树脂吸附灌在保证有效清除患者体内代谢物质的同时,能较好的控制患者血压。     

树脂灌血液灌流在顽固性高血压患者血液透析中的应用

目的：探讨树脂灌血液灌流对血液透析顽固性高血压患者血压及肾素-血管紧张素．醛固酮系统的影响。方法：选择我院82例,均分为I组和II组各41例,I组患者采用金宝8LR聚酰胺膜透析器进行常规透析,II组患者在常规透析的基础上串联树脂血液灌流,检测两组患者治疗前和治疗后3个月血清肌酐、尿素氮变化情况,和患者体内肾素活性、血管紧张素II和醛固酮变化情况,并对血压变化值进行比较。结果：两组患者治疗后3个月血肌酐、血尿素氮均明显较治疗前降低,I组患者治疗后3个月收缩压和舒张压较治疗前均无明显变化,II组治疗后3个月收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前明显降低,I组治疗后3个月肾素、血管紧张素II和醛固酮较治疗前无明显差异,II组治疗后3个月肾素、血管紧张素II和醛固酮较治疗前均明显降低。结论：血液透析联合树脂吸附灌在保证有效清除患者体内代谢物质的同时角色较好的控制患者血压。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术术式对术肾肾功能的影响

目的:探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(LNSS)术式对术肾肾功能的影响。方法:2009年1月-2010年12月行经后腹膜途径腹腔镜保留肾单位手术例26。男16例,女10例。随访时间>1年的有18例。年龄40-70岁。肾细胞癌23例,肾嫌色细胞癌2例,肾平滑肌瘤1例。肿瘤直径2.6-3.2cm,平均2.9cm。所有患者术中阻断肾动脉,剪刀切除肿瘤。术中肾动脉阻断时间20-30min,平均26.4分钟。分别于术前、术后2周、术后3月、术后1年测定双肾显像、血清肌酐、血清胱抑素。结果:18例患者术肾术前GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为53.2±7.8 ml/min和50.7±3.6%,术后两周GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为31.2±8.9 ml/min和35.8±5.8%,术后3月GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为34.7±8.6 ml/min和38.4±5.3%,术后1年GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为41.1±9.7 ml/min和43.2±6.2%。血清肌酐及血清胱抑素术前术后对比因为受对侧肾功能的影响不能反映对分肾功能的影响。结论:LNSS术式对于直径小于4cm的肾早期肿瘤是切实可行的。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术术式对术肾肾功能的影响

目的：探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术（LNSS）术式对术肾肾功能的影响。方法：2009年1月-2010年12月行经后腹膜途径腹腔镜保留肾单位手术例26。男16例,女10例。随访时间〉1年的有18例。年龄40-70岁。肾细胞癌23例,肾嫌色细胞癌2例,肾平滑肌瘤1例。肿瘤直径2.6-3.2cm,平均2.9cm。所有患者术中阻断肾动脉,剪刀切除肿瘤。术中肾动脉阻断时间20-30min,平均26.4分钟。分别于术前、术后2周、术后3月、术后1年测定双肾显像、血清肌酐、血清胱抑素。结果：18例患者术肾术前GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为53.2±7.8 ml/min和50.7±3.6%,术后两周GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为31.2±8.9 ml/min和35.8±5.8%,术后3月GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为34.7±8.6 ml/min和38.4±5.3%,术后1年GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为41.1±9.7 ml/min和43.2±6.2%。血清肌酐及血清胱抑素术前术后对比因为受对侧肾功能的影响不能反映对分肾功能的影响。结论：LNSS术式对于直径小于4cm的肾早期肿瘤是切实可行的。     

后腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾部分切除术后肾功能的影响因素分析

目的:分析后腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾部分切除术后患肾肾功能的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2011年5月~2013年10月本院收治的45例行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术肾癌患者的临床资料,采用99mTc-DTPA肾核素扫描评估术前及术后3月术侧肾的肾小球滤过率(GFR)。结果:手术时间100~240min,平均(135±33.21)min。肾动脉阻断时间(20.01±7.35)min,肿瘤大小(3.05±1.24)cm。术前及术后3月术肾GFR分别是(46.53±6.35)、(32.22±4.65)ml/min。术侧肾术后GFR下降(15.36±2.36)ml/min,与术前相比下降约34%。经随访1月-2年,无复发及转移病例,患者全部无瘤生存。影响手术前后血肌酐水平变化的相关因素主要为手术时间、阻断时间、气流量、术中失血量(P0.05);影响手术前后GFR水平变化的相关因素主要为阻断时间、气流量、手术时间(P0.01)。术前肾功能情况、缺血时间和肿瘤最大径是术侧肾功能下降程度的独立预测因子;术前肾功能情况和肿瘤最大径是总体肾功能下降程度的独立预测因子。结论:后腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾部分切除术后患肾肾功能的影响因素包括术前肾功能、手术时间、肾动脉阻断时间、气流量、术中失血量、肿瘤大小等。     

福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的:观察福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2006年7月至2009年7月在我院明确诊断并治疗的75例糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效,所有患者均为Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者,尿白蛋白＞300 mg/24 h.患者按分层随机抽样分为3组,Ⅰ组:福辛普10-30 mg/d;Ⅱ组:福辛普利5-15 mg/d+缬沙坦80-160 mg/d;Ⅲ组:福辛普利5-15mg/d+缬沙坦80-160mg/d+辛伐他汀20mg/d.根据患者血压适当调整各类药物的用量,三组疗程均为6个月,治疗期间观察24h尿白蛋白量、肾功能(血肌酐、血尿素氮)、血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)和干咳、恶心、肌痛等不良反应.结果:治疗后Ⅲ组患者血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)等方面均优于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者(P＜0.05),治疗后Ⅲ组患者24h尿白蛋白量较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);三组患者出现的不良反应差异无统计学意义.结论:福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病能有效改善肾功能,改善糖尿病肾病患者脂质代谢,是目前应用于临床较好的方法之一.     

全脑血管造影术中顺路行腹主动脉造影81例临床分析

目的评估在全脑血管造影术中顺路行腹主动脉造影的可行性、安全性及其临床意义。方法总结81例在全脑血管造影术中顺路行腹主动脉造影患者的临床资料,分析其肾动脉及髂动脉狭窄检出率及其相关因素,并测定术前术后血清肌酐变化,以评估该检查的安全性。结果全脑血管造影术中顺路行腹主动脉造影简单易行、安全,造影前后血清肌酐无明显变化[术前(76±11)μmol/L,术后(79±9)μmol/L](P0.05);肾动脉狭窄检出率为26%,髂动脉狭窄检出率为20%,肾动脉及髂动脉狭窄总体检出率为33%;有3个及3个以上危险因素的患者其肾动脉及髂动脉狭窄总体检出率明显增高(56%)。结论在全脑血管造影中顺路行腹主动脉造影是安全、简单、可行的,对发现肾动脉、髂动脉狭窄有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与肾功能和颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与肾功能和颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：回顾性分析2018年7月~2021年5月安徽省第二人民医院收治的168例T2DM患者的临床资料,按照是否合并高血压分为T2DM合并高血压组（合并组）87例和单纯T2DM组（T2DM组）81例,另选取同期健康体检者87例为对照组,比较各组血清Hcy水平、肾功能指标[血清肌酐（Scr）、尿液肌酐（CR）、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)、尿免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(IGU/CR)、尿转铁蛋白/肌酐(TRU/CR)、尿α1-微量球蛋白/肌酐(α1/CR)、肾小球滤过率（eGFR）]及左侧、右侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、Crouse积分,Pearson相关性分析Hcy水平与肾功能指标、IMT、Crouse积分的相关性。结果：合并组、T2DM组血清Hcy、Scr、CR、ACR、IGU/CR、TRU/CR、α1/CR水平及左侧IMT、右侧IMT、Crouse积分高于对照组,且合并组以上指标高于T2DM组（P＜0.05）;合并组、T2DM组eGFR水平低于对照组,且合并组低于T2DM组（P＜0.05）;Pearson相关性分析结果显示：T2DM合并高血压患者血清Hcy水平与Scr、CR、ACR、IGU/CR、TRU/CR、α1/CR水平及左侧IMT、右侧IMT、Crouse积分呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与eGFR水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM合并高血压患者血清Hcy水平异常升高,其与患者肾功能损伤及颈动脉粥样硬化有关。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗早期肾癌患者的术肾肾功能分析

目的:探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(LNSS)对早期肾癌患者术后术肾肾功能的影响。方法:收集并随访新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿外科2009年1月~2012年6月接受经后腹膜行腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗,且术后病检结果为肾癌患者的临床资料,分别于术前、术后24小时、2周、6月、1年、1.5年、2年测定双肾GFR、血清肌酐、血清胱抑素指标值,随访时间大于2年的有28例患者,比较并分析各指标值的变化情况,分析LNSS术对肾功能的影响。结果:28例患者术肾术前GFR及占总GFR的比例分别为42.02±7.31 ml/min和43.30±3.6%,术后2周分别为31.42±5.23 ml/min和34.83±5.8%,术后6月分别为33.23±5.46ml/min和36.85±5.3%,术后1年分别为37.21±6.59 ml/min和39.74±6.2%,术后1.5年分别为40.44±5.82 ml/min和42.26±6.2%,术后2年分别为40.64±5.74 ml/min和42.26±5.8%。术后24小时,血清肌酐水平升高,术后6个月以后与术前比较无明显差别。术后2周,血清胱抑素水平升高,术后6个月恢复到术前水平。结论:LNSS术式对早期肾癌是安全有效的。     

穿刺单针阳性前列腺癌的术后病理特征分析

摘要 目的：回顾性分析单针阳性患者的术后病理特征及Gleason评分的变化情况。方法：收集2018年9月-2020年6月在本院泌尿外科行穿刺活检,病理诊断为单针阳性的86例前列腺癌患者展开研究,按患者年龄、手术前PSA检测值、Gleason评分、临床分期（cTNM）进行分组,其中：年龄组（年龄≥70岁、年龄＜70岁）、术前PSA组（PSA＜10 ng/mL、≥10 ng/mL）、术前Gleason评分组（6分、3+4=7分、4+3=7分、≥8分）、临床分期组（cT1期组、cT2期组）。所有患者均采用腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术和单针穿刺活检,观察纳入患者的基线资料,比较分析不同组别患者术后病理特征的差异和临床意义。结果：不同年龄患者病理特征无差异,PSA≥10 ng/mL组Gleason评分≥7分和Gleason评分升级患者占比显著高于PSA＜10 ng/mL组（P＜0.05）;cT2期组占比较低（P＜0.05）;cT2期组患者Gleason评分≥7分患者占比显著高于cT1期组（P＜0.05）,但两组切缘阳性和Gleason评分升级相比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同Gleason评分患者术后pT0、切缘阳性、Gleason评分升级差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;不同Gleason评分患者术后病理分期差异有统计学意义,Gleason评分为4+3=7分患者病理分期＞2显著高于6分、3+4=7分和≥8分（P＜0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄＞70岁、PSA≥10 ng/mL、cT2期和Gleason评分≥7分是影响术后病理特征的主要危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：前列腺单针阳性患者存在Gleason评分术后升高情况,部分患者伴有切缘阳性、病理分期≥T2特征,所以临床中无法将穿刺单针阳性作为前列腺癌患者低风险检测指标,需要结合患者其它各项指标对其进行个体化治疗方案。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418