16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值比较研究

目的:研究16层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(CT)三维重建与数字化摄影(DR)平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值,为临床诊治提供参考。方法:将2017年6月至2018年6月期间于本院接受诊治的82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查,观察并记录患者的骨折发生部位,并比较两种诊断方法对外伤性肋骨骨折诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及漏诊情况。结果:82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者经影像学与临床诊断明确发生骨折179处,多发性骨折发生率为62.20%,单发性骨折发生率为37.80%,骨折肋骨段位中4-10段骨折发生率最高为69.83%,骨折肋骨水平阶段中腋肋骨折发生率最高为59.78%。相较于DR平片,16层螺旋CT三维重建诊断外伤性肋骨骨折的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值更高,漏诊率更低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于DR平片检查,应用16层螺旋CT三维重建检查外伤性肋骨骨折能明显提高临床诊断的准确率、灵敏度和特异性,减少漏诊,可为临床诊治提供更可靠的信息,值得临床推广。     

多排螺旋CT扫描对骨折的诊断

目的: 普通X线片及CT平扫对于骨折,尤其是隐匿性骨折检出率较低,较易造成漏诊和误诊,随着多排螺旋CT的普及,利用曲面重建(MPR)和容积再现(VR)技术后处理图像,成为诊断隐匿性骨折的理想的影像诊断手段.探讨多排螺旋CT在对骨折的诊断中的临床应用价值。方法: 对213例临床怀疑骨折的患者进行CR摄片再进行多排螺旋CT扫描,通过三维重建技术处理后,得到受检部位二维、三维的图像。结果: 相同的对照组经多排螺旋CT、X线检查检查后,新增33例骨折。结论: 多排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术较传统X线平片能对骨折病例做出更正确的诊断。     

多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折的诊断价值及最佳复查时间研究

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折的诊断价值及最佳复查时间。方法:选取2017年7月到2018年7月期间在我院接受治疗的胸部外伤患者95例,在首次检查时均接受了X线平片和多排螺旋CT检查,比较首次检查时X线平片和多排螺旋CT的检出率,比较首次检查时X线平片和多排螺旋CT对不同类型骨折的诊断情况,比较各个时间段复查病例的肋骨骨折数与首次检查时的差异。结果:95例患者中最终86例确诊存在肋骨骨折,首次检查时多排螺旋CT的检出率为95.35%(82/86),高于X线平片的82.56%(71/86)(P0.05)。86例患者最终确定共存在骨折289处,首次检查时X线平片共检出246处,多排螺旋CT共检出274处,多排螺旋CT对线性骨折、凹陷性骨折的检出率高于X线平片(P0.05)。伤后11-20d、伤后41-50d、伤后51-60d的复查肋骨骨折数与首次检查肋骨骨折数比较无统计学差异(P0.05),伤后21-30d、伤后31-40d的复查肋骨骨折数高于首次检查肋骨骨折数(P0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT对隐匿性肋骨骨折有较高的诊断价值,首次诊断时的检出率明显高于X线平片,伤后21-40d这个时间段是进行复查的较佳时间段,可获得较好效果。     

64层螺旋CT对胸部创伤的诊断价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT相对于CR片在胸部创伤诊断中的价值。方法:我院2006年1月～2008年3月收治81例胸部创伤,全部患者在伤后10min至5h进行了64层螺旋CT检查,其中58例在初次检查后12～38h内进行了CR或床旁CR检查,CT扫描采用GE LightSpeed 64层螺旋CT机,层厚0.625 mm,螺距为0.984:1。结果:81例中诊断肋骨骨折72例,肺挫裂伤65例,气胸36例,血胸53例,血气胸31例,锁骨骨折12例,肩胛骨骨折13例,皮下及纵隔积气18例,右横膈破裂2例。在同时进行过CR检查的患者中,非错位性及撕脱性肋骨、肋软骨骨折在CR上常显示不佳,而在64层螺旋CT多平面或三维重建图像上显示非常清晰。结论:64层螺旋CT多平面及三维重建对胸部创伤各种病变的检测明显优于x线平片,对临床急救计划的制定有重要的指导意义。     

X线片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的对比研究

目的:对比X线平片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的效果。方法:选取了100例周围型肺癌患者,所有患者入院后先行X线片检查,后进行多层螺旋CT检查。通过观察并记录X线片与多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的影像学特征、临床TNM分期的诊断效果,评价X线平片和多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的诊断效果。结果:多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的肿块、分叶征、支气管气象征、空洞、胸膜凹陷、血管集束征,胸腔积液的检出率均高于X线片(P0.05)。根据外科病理TNM分期结果,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为92.0%,X线对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为61.0%,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率明显高于X线(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对于周围型肺癌各类型影像学征象具有较好的检出率,对周围型肺癌临床TNM分期诊断准确性接近病理诊断结果。     

64层MSCT血管成像对婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断的评价

目的:评价64层螺旋CT血管成像在婴幼儿主动脉缩窄及离断诊断中的应用价值及其准确性.方法:对临床和超声怀疑主动脉缩窄的21例患儿行胸片、心脏大血管彩超及CT主动脉成像,其中5例行DSA检查,16例进行了手术治疗.CT血管重建技术包括VR、MIP、MPR及CPR等,对主动脉缩窄程度、长度、侧枝血管显示情况进行评价,并比较原始数据、VR、MPR、MIP及CPR几种后处理方式对主动脉缩窄诊断的准确性和敏感性.结果:21例患者中,19例为主动脉缩窄,2例为主动脉离断.病变部位于左锁骨下动脉远端、动脉导管开口附近20例(95.2%),正对左锁骨下动脉1例(4.8%).病变部位位于动脉导管近段2例,动脉导管附着处3例,动脉导管远段16例.多层螺旋CTA对主动脉狭窄诊断的总体准确率和敏感性均为100%,对主动脉缩窄的显示以靶血管VR最好,其次是CPR和MPR;对侧枝血管的显示以整体VR和CPR最好,其次是MIP和MPR;而整体VR和原始轴位图像对主动脉缩窄显示较差.结论:64层MSCT血管成像各种后处理技术相结合能为主动脉缩窄及离断患者提供了更多有价值的诊断信息,有助于临床术前评估和制定恰当的治疗方案.     

螺旋CT头颈部血管成像对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT头颈部血管成像对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年1月期间来我院就诊的60例急性脑梗死患者作为观察组,另选同期来我院就诊的非急性脑梗死患者60例作为对照组。两组患者均进行螺旋CT头颈部血管成像检查,比较两组患者的颈动脉狭窄程度及各段血管斑块分布情况,并根据检查结果评价螺旋CT头颈部血管成像对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值。结果:观察组轻度狭窄与中度狭窄检出率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),重度狭窄与闭塞检出率与对照组比较无统计学差异(P0.05),观察组总检出狭窄率高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组与对照组在颈动脉分叉处、颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颈外动脉均有斑块检出,观察组斑块总检出率为69.4%,显著高于对照组的41.2%(P0.05)。结论:临床上应用128层螺旋CT头颈部血管成像技术对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄情况可进行有效评估,该方法对患者轻、中度狭窄以及双侧颈动脉斑块检出率更高,在临床诊断及预后防治中具有应用推广价值。     

64排螺旋CT在老年冠心病患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT在老年冠心病患者中的应用价值方法:选择60例老年冠心病患者行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,并与传统的冠状动脉造影进行比较结论:以冠状动脉造影作为对照,64-MSCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为86.41%、特异度为94.01%、阳性预测值为78.26%、阴性预测值为96.52%、诊断符合率为92.49%。研究结果表明对于老年冠心病患者的诊断而言,64排螺旋CT可以作为冠脉动脉造影的有效替代检查。     

多层螺旋CT 血管造影在脑动脉瘤中应用

目的:观察多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法:对16例脑动脉瘤患者的多层螺旋CT血管造影结果进行总结分析.结果:多层螺旋CT血管造影的诊断准确性与DSA无明显差异;多层螺旋CT血管造影显示动脉瘤的部位、大小、动脉瘤颈结构及其与周围血管的关系等与手术结果基本符合.结论:多层螺旋CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确率高,具备十分重要的临床应用价值.     

多排螺旋CT 肾动脉成像技术与临床应用

近年来随着CT扫描技术的发展及高速和多排螺旋CT（multi-slices CT）的出现,CT血管成像技术日益完美,尤其是目前可临床应用的16层、64层螺旋CT具有时间分辨力高,可采集各向同性的容积数据,加之其微创、技术操作简单、耗时短及患者容易接受等优势因此在揭示肾动脉疾病方面具有很大的临床意义,与之相关的临床应用已经取得了长足的进步。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.