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1.
唐健雄  蔡超岳  刘雨婧 《生态学报》2023,43(7):2800-2817
生态文明建设是实现“美丽中国”的必由之路,旅游因其“绿色”属性与之联系十分密切,论证旅游发展能否促进生态文明建设并探究其空间溢出特征具有重要意义。在构建旅游发展对城市生态文明建设影响及空间溢出效应理论框架的基础上,通过熵权TOPSIS法对全国284个地级及以上城市2004—2019年生态文明建设水平(ECC)进行测度,使用空间杜宾模型揭示旅游发展对城市生态文明建设的影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)各城市ECC均取得不同程度提升,相对高值区集中于长江和黄河经济带下游沿线,低值区多分布在中西部地区;区域尺度下,各地区ECC长期呈“东—中—西”递减格局,内部发展差异性与其存在明显空间错位。(2)旅游发展能够显著促进“本地”和“邻地”城市生态文明建设,具体表现为“三轮驱动”下的水平提升,其对城市经济系统的驱动力显著大于生态和社会系统。(3)东、中、西部地区旅游发展对城市生态文明建设的影响和空间溢出效应均得到释放,空间异质性下二者作用强度与城市ECC基本“区域重叠”。(4)政策制定上,一方面在长期落实旅游业“生态优先”原则的基础上,加快旅游数字化建设和文旅融合步伐,充分释放其对生态文明建设的...  相似文献   

2.
    
Summary Exposure to high levels of air pollution during the pregnancy is associated with increased probability of preterm birth (PTB), a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. New statistical methodology is required to specifically determine when a particular pollutant impacts the PTB outcome, to determine the role of different pollutants, and to characterize the spatial variability in these results. We develop a new Bayesian spatial model for PTB which identifies susceptible windows throughout the pregnancy jointly for multiple pollutants (PM2.5 , ozone) while allowing these windows to vary continuously across space and time. We geo‐code vital record birth data from Texas (2002–2004) and link them with standard pollution monitoring data and a newly introduced EPA product of calibrated air pollution model output. We apply the fully spatial model to a region of 13 counties in eastern Texas consisting of highly urban as well as rural areas. Our results indicate significant signal in the first two trimesters of pregnancy with different pollutants leading to different critical windows. Introducing the spatial aspect uncovers critical windows previously unidentified when space is ignored. A proper inference procedure is introduced to correctly analyze these windows.  相似文献   

3.
杨玉珍  闫佳笑  杨洋  杨阳 《生态学报》2022,42(20):8202-8212
黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演变及空间溢出效应研究,有利于优化旅游资源要素投入,推动黄河流域生态保护及高质量发展。基于超效率SBM模型测算2010—2019年黄河流域73个城市旅游生态效率,借助ArcGIS软件描绘时空演化轨迹,并构建空间杜宾模型揭示空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)黄河流域旅游生态效率时序上呈现先上升后下降的阶段性特征,空间上呈现“下游-中游-上游”阶梯式递减的异质性特征;(2)旅游生态效率分布具有明显的空间集聚与依赖特征,低水平同质化现象显著;(3)空间溢出效应显著,政府干预、市场规模对邻近城市旅游生态效率具有正向溢出效应,经济发展、产业结构、交通可达性对邻近城市旅游生态效率具有负向溢出效应。基于实证分析结果,提出制定差异化、互补性旅游发展策略,加强区域旅游战略合作,发挥邻近区域辐射带动作用,优化城市空间溢出效应的建议。  相似文献   

4.
    
The European Common Agricultural Policy still follows its primary goals, i.e. quality food at affordable prices and a decent standard of living for farmers, fifty years after its adoption. Moreover, this policy adapts to the changing needs of society and the new challenges, mostly preservation of the environment, nature and biodiversity in rural areas. Although the Common Agricultural Policy receives the largest share of European budget, the funds are decreasing over time, especially direct payments, which aim to provide basic income support to farmers in the European Union. On the other hand, agri-environmental payments are gaining importance. Policy decision-makers should be interested in the question of impacts of growing eco-conditionality of agricultural spending. New insights would help them to be successful in achieving the goals of sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impacts of production support payments and rural development payments on the quality of groundwater. We use the small EU country Slovenia as an example. The baseline indicators are the level of nitrates and pesticides in groundwater, while the impacts were estimated using spatial error model. The results show that direct payments, coupled subsidies and investment grants raise the level of pesticides in groundwater, but do not have any statistically significant impact on the level of nitrates in groundwater. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant effects of agri-environmental payments on decrease of groundwater pollution with nitrates. However, our findings revealed that agri-environmental payments are effective in reducing pesticides in groundwater, although only to a limited extent. These results imply a problem of insufficient targeting of agri-environmental measures on the one hand, and suggest that greening of direct payments is necessary and entirely justified.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Background: Despite the in vitro and in vivo evidence, studies are limited in evaluating whether chemokines are potential inflammatory mediators in response to air pollution exposure in humans.

Methods: We conducted a panel study coinciding with the Beijing Olympics, when temporary air pollution controls were implemented. We measured a suite of serum chemokines among healthy adults before, during and after the Olympics, respectively. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in chemokine levels over the three time periods.

Results: In response to the 50% drop in air pollution levels during the games, levels of RANTES, MCP-2, and TARC decreased by 25.8%, 20.9% and 35.3%, respectively (p?<?0.001) from pre-Olympics, and then increased by 45.8%, 34.9% and 61.5%, respectively (p?<?0.001) after the games when air pollution levels went up again. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking and body mass index. GRO-α and IL-8 decreased significantly during the games (22.5% and 30.4%), and increased non-significantly after the games. Eotaxin-1 only increased significantly from during- to post-games.

Conclusions: The strongest associations with air pollution levels were observed among RANTES, TARC and MCP-2. Those chemokines may play important roles in the air pollution-induced inflammatory pathway.  相似文献   

6.
    
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7.
付伟  李龙  罗明灿  陈建成  王福利 《生态学报》2023,43(10):4074-4085
森林碳汇空间相关性与溢出效应对林业产业的区域统筹发展具有重要作用,科学核算各地区的森林碳汇量并分析其空间关联特征是制定差异化碳汇发展政策的重要基础。以森林蓄积量扩展法核算我国31个省(市、自治区)1993—2018年6次森林资源清查期间的森林碳汇量,探究省域间森林碳汇量的相关性特征,并利用空间计量模型分析森林碳汇的外溢效应和影响因素。结果表明:(1)我国整体森林碳汇量不断增加,不同地区的森林碳汇量差别较大。西南省份和东北林区森林碳汇量处于第一梯队,上海和北京碳汇增速较快。(2)研究期间内的Moran′s I指数先呈现倒“V”形的变化特征,之后又以较为稳定的趋势上升,我国各地区的森林碳汇分布存在显著的空间关联性。(3)森林碳汇的空间外溢效应显著,根据空间杜宾模型将外溢效应分解为直接效应、间接效应和总效应。林业管理水平和森林蓄积水平对本地和相邻地区森林碳汇量有正向影响,林业产业发展水平对本地区的森林碳汇量有负向影响。综上,我国各地方政府对差异化林业碳汇政策的制定和执行应兼顾区域因素,以我国林业政策的总体空间规划来综合统筹各区域森林政策,在“山水林田湖草沙”的命运共同体理念引领下,实现林业的...  相似文献   

8.
章屹祯  汪涛  张晗 《生态学报》2022,42(16):6656-6669
新常态背景下,“降霾增效”是促进城市协调可持续发展的重要保障。基于2008—2017年我国269个地级市面板数据,利用ArcGIS空间分析、EBM-DEA、空间杜宾等模型,探究雾霾污染与生态效率的时空演化格局及产业集聚对其非线性影响及空间溢出效应。结果显示:(1)我国城市雾霾污染具有“块状”与“集群分布”特征,并呈现以京津冀城市群为中心的“核心-边缘”扩散模式;城市生态效率呈东部>中部>西部依次递减态势,其H-H型城市主要分布在东部沿海地区;(2)产业集聚是“双刃剑”,其对雾霾污染与生态效率的影响存在显著的“U”型关系,即产业集聚每提升1%,雾霾污染和生态效率相应降低0.1388%和0.1409%,产业集聚平方项每提升1%则相应提升0.0188%和0.0113%;(3)产业集聚进一步提升对本地与邻近城市的雾霾污染具有较强的正向空间溢出效应,地方政府应采取联防联控的污染治理策略,构建长效环境治理合作机制;(4)产业集聚规模对雾霾污染和生态效率的影响表现出一定的区域异质性,应设计差异化的产业发展策略,为城市“降霾增效”提供支撑;通过重构权重矩阵、替换核心解释变量与设置滞后变量,...  相似文献   

9.
旅游产业集聚对旅游业碳排放效率的空间溢出效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
王凯  刘依飞  甘畅 《生态学报》2022,42(10):3909-3918
在碳中和、碳达峰的时代背景下,提高旅游业碳排放效率对实现旅游产业高质量发展具有重要的实践价值。基于2001—2018年中国省际(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,首先利用区位熵和Super-SBM模型分别测算中国省际旅游产业集聚水平和旅游业碳排放效率,并探究二者空间演变趋势和关联特征;其次,运用空间杜宾模型分析旅游产业集聚对旅游业碳排放效率的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)研究期内,中西部地区的旅游产业集聚水平明显提高,东部地区则无明显变化;除河北省、山西省、内蒙古自治区等地区外,其他省份的旅游业碳排放效率均无显著变化。整体上看,二者高水平地区的空间分布变化大致均呈现出以现有集聚区为中心向周边扩散的趋势。(2)旅游产业集聚能显著提高旅游业碳排放效率,并且具有正向空间溢出效应,而旅游业碳排放效率的负向空间溢出效应则会抑制其他地区旅游业碳排放效率的提高。(3)经济发展、产业结构、城镇化、对外开放、技术进步和环境规制均能不同程度促进旅游业碳排放效率,但城镇化作用效果不显著,旅游业产权结构则显著抑制旅游业碳排放效率,经济发展和城镇化均具有正向空间溢出效应,产业结构呈现出较强的负向空间溢出作用,技...  相似文献   

10.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Constructing maps of dry deposition pollution levels is vital for air quality management, and presents statistical problems typical of many environmental and spatial applications. Ideally, such maps would be based on a dense network of monitoring stations, but this does not exist. Instead, there are two main sources of information for dry deposition levels in the United States: one is pollution measurements at a sparse set of about 50 monitoring stations called CASTNet, and the other is the output of the regional scale air quality models, called Models-3. A related problem is the evaluation of these numerical models for air quality applications, which is crucial for control strategy selection. We develop formal methods for combining sources of information with different spatial resolutions and for the evaluation of numerical models. We specify a simple model for both the Models-3 output and the CASTNet observations in terms of the unobserved ground truth, and we estimate the model in a Bayesian way. This provides improved spatial prediction via the posterior distribution of the ground truth, allows us to validate Models-3 via the posterior predictive distribution of the CASTNet observations, and enables us to remove the bias in the Models-3 output. We apply our methods to data on SO2 concentrations, and we obtain high-resolution SO2 distributions by combining observed data with model output. We also conclude that the numerical models perform worse in areas closer to power plants, where the SO2 values are overestimated by the models.  相似文献   

11.
    
The conflict between cultivated land protection and economic development has become increasingly acute in recent years. Despite, intensive researches made on this conflict, little attention has been paid to the spatial correlation of variables. In view of this, the paper introduces the spatial panel regression model to estimate, and test whether the relationship between economic growth and cultivated land conversion conforms to Kuznets curve. Research results show that the area of converted cultivated land in China exhibits strong spatial auto-correlation; the spatial panel model with time effect and fixed effect is more stable and significant than conventional panel mode, and that the relationship between economic growth and cultivated land conversion agrees with the inverted U-shape of Kuznets curve, with inflection point occurring when average per capita GDP reaches ¥31330.93 (calculated at comparable price of 1999). On the basis of analysis, it is suggested that the government, with a view to developing economy alongside protecting cultivated land, should attach more importance to land use and planning in the future, pay more attention to the spatial correlation of cultivated land planning in adjacent areas and make greater efforts to increase the input–output ratio of land.  相似文献   

12.
以广西弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 hm2森林动态监测样地为对象,结合2011年和2016年两次调查数据,分析5年间样地树木死亡个体的数量、径级结构和空间格局特征等。结果显示:2011年至2016年,样地有86.5%的树种出现了个体死亡的现象,死亡个体占个体总数的14.4%;死亡个体的聚集程度随空间尺度的增大而逐渐减弱;小径级个体死亡与周边邻体和环境的关联性较大;竞争是影响弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性云林树木死亡的主要因素。综合来看,北热带喀斯特季节性雨林内树木死亡并非是一个完全随机的过程,而是树木本身特征和生物与非生物环境共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

13.
Often there is substantial uncertainty in the selection of confounderswhen estimating the association between an exposure and health.We define this type of uncertainty as `adjustment uncertainty'.We propose a general statistical framework for handling adjustmentuncertainty in exposure effect estimation for a large numberof confounders, we describe a specific implementation, and wedevelop associated visualization tools. Theoretical resultsand simulation studies show that the proposed method providesconsistent estimators of the exposure effect and its variance.We also show that, when the goal is to estimate an exposureeffect accounting for adjustment uncertainty, Bayesian modelaveraging with posterior model probabilities approximated usinginformation criteria can fail to estimate the exposure effectand can over- or underestimate its variance. We compare ourapproach to Bayesian model averaging using time series dataon levels of fine particulate matter and mortality.  相似文献   

14.
15.
宜昌城区绿地景观格局与大气污染的关系   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
在湖北省宜昌市中心城区4种景观绿地分布格局分析的基础上,对比观测了各景观中的环境噪声和大气SO2、NOx、TSP含量。结果表明,以无绿化道路廊道和建筑铺装斑块为主要景观构成的对照景观绿地破碎化指数最高(18.1253ind·hm^-2),绿化覆盖率仅为1.00%,其景观中环境噪声较大、大气TSP含量高(0.4918mg·m^-3);大面积绿地斑块占优势的景观绿化覆盖率高(达43.59%),绿地破碎度指数最小(0.4539 ind·hm^-2),与对照景观相比,大气噪声减弱28.12%,TSP含量降低86.42%;中小面积绿地斑块和绿化廊道呈均匀分布的景观绿化覆盖率(11.34%)和绿地破碎度指数(2.7511 ind·hm^-2)均较低,与对照景观相比平均滞尘率为46.62%;以绿化廊道占绝对优势的景观绿化覆盖率仅为6.13%,绿地破碎度指数均较高(6.8700 ind·hm^-2),绿化廊道密度指数最大(0.8443hm·hm^-2),其景观中环境噪声、TSP和NOx含量分别比对照景观增加21.47%、5.08%和9.06%.可见,在城市景观中绿地斑块平均面积越大、破碎度指数越低,则其对大气污染净化的作用越大。  相似文献   

16.
    
Different from previous studies which mainly focused on conventional estimation techniques, this paper examines the CO2 EKC hypothesis of China using a spatial panel data model to avoid the coefficient estimation error covering the period of 1997–2012. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the turning points between the non-spatial panel model and spatial panel model is conducted. The results show that the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions shapes as an inverted-N trajectory. Spatial spillovers effects are confirmed to affect the shape of the CO2 environmental Kuznets curve. There exists an apparent block distribution in spatial structure of China's provincial CO2 emissions. Specifically, CO2 emissions have a relatively sharp increase from the eastern regions to the central and the western regions of China. It has also been found that urbanization and coal combustion are main factors on increasing CO2 emissions. While the trade openness contributes to slight decrease in CO2 emissions. The government should make targeted carbon-reduction policies for CO2 emission reduction.  相似文献   

17.
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that has received extensive attention in the literature, mainly because of the adverse effects that exposure to it can cause, particularly in vegetation during the growing season. Because meteorological conditions strongly influence the efficiency of photochemical processes leading to ozone formation and destruction, ground-level ozone air pollution is currently being considered as a regional-scale phenomenon rather than a local one. This role of O3 as a regional-scale pollutant often implies the handling of large data sets in order to obtain information about its spatial and temporal variability patterns over a given broad region. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) is known to be one of the most powerful mathematical tools that can be used to achieve this aim. RPCA was applied in this paper to the summer and winter hourly time series of ground-level O3, concentrations recorded during 2 consecutive years (1996–1997) at 26 urban and suburban sites in Castilla-León (Spain). This procedure permitted the identification of different subregions where O3 concentrations show different spatio-temporal variability patterns. These variability patterns are mainly associated with the interaction of regional-level meteorological and anthropogenic factors. Some differences between winter and summer patterns were also found. Received: 5 April 1999 / Revised: 27 December 1999 / Accepted: 27 December 1999  相似文献   

18.
城市化驱动下;乡村地区土地利用/覆被(LULC)发生明显变化;进而导致了地表热环境的改变。然而;乡村地表温度(LST)在不同尺度上与景观格局的关系还缺乏理解。本研究以富春江流域乡村地区为例;利用相关性分析、空间自相关分析和地理加权相关系数分析等方法;探讨了不同分析尺度下(300、600、900、1200、1500、1800、2100 m和乡镇尺度);1990年和2020年夏季不同地类景观格局对LST的影响。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年耕地、林地是主要用地类型;30年间耕地面积大量减少;主要转化为工业用地、城镇建设用地和农村居民点用地。(2)中度升温区及重度升温区主要分布于富春江两岸的城镇建设用地、农村居民点用地和工业用地聚集区。此外;随分析单元尺度增加;单元间LST的差异逐渐模糊。(3)不同地类景观格局指数与LST的相关性强弱程度依次为城镇建设用地>工业用地>耕地>水体>农村居民点用地>林地;且随尺度增大表现出不同的变化趋势。其中;斑块面积百分比(PLAND)指数对LST的影响最强。耕地减少;城镇建设用地和工业用地增加是局部LST上升的主要原因;农村居民点用地增加对LST的影响相对较弱。林地变化不明显;但对地表热环境具有缓解作用。(4)城镇建设用地、工业用地景观格局指数与LST之间存在明显空间自相关和空间溢出效应。研究结果有助于理解乡村地区土地利用/覆被变化对地表温度的影响;并为未来降低城市化对乡村环境负面影响的解决方案提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
To increase the analytical tractability of lattice stochastic spatial population models, several approximations have been developed. The pair-edge approximation is a moment-closure method that is effective in predicting persistence criteria and invasion speeds on a homogeneous lattice. Here we evaluate the effectiveness of the pair-edge approximation on a spatially heterogeneous lattice in which some sites are unoccupiable, or "dead". This model has several possible interpretations, including a spatial SIS epidemic model, in which some sites are occupied by immobile host-species individuals while others are empty. We find that, as in the homogeneous model, the pair-edge approximation is significantly more accurate than the ordinary pair approximation in determining conditions for persistence. However, habitat heterogeneity decreases invasion speed more than is predicted by the pair-edge approximation, and the discrepancy increases with greater clustering of "dead" sites. The accuracy of the approximation validates the underlying heuristic picture of population spread and therefore provides qualitative insight into the dynamics of lattice models. Conversely, the situations where the approximation is less accurate reveals limitations of pair approximation in the presence of spatial heterogeneity.  相似文献   

20.
崔盼盼  赵媛  张丽君  夏四友  许昕 《生态学报》2020,40(4):1424-1435
正确认识不同需求水平下人均隐含碳排放量的变化,对实现低碳经济及低碳生活具有重要的参考价值。基于居民消费需求层次建立不同需求层次与隐含碳排放的对应关系,将人均隐含碳排放分解为生存型、发展型、奢侈型三类,并运用投入产出法进行核算,在对不同需求层次人均隐含碳排放的空间格局演变分析的基础上采用空间面板方法对其驱动机制进行甄别。结果显示,在全国层面,各需求层次人均隐含碳排放均呈现上升趋势,空间分布不均衡性主要体现在南北差异上,北部地区始终是各需求层次人均隐含碳排放的主要空间载体,其中多数省分生存型人均隐含碳排放上升势头较强,发展型和奢侈型的高值区在省份数量上分别呈现先减后增与逐渐增加的变化趋势;不同需求层次人均隐含碳排放水平相似的地区在空间上呈集聚分布,具有较强的\"马太效应\";空间面板模型结果显示技术减排是降低不同需求层次人均隐含碳排放的重要举措,而人口规模在各需求层次上的负向减排作用远小于正向的人口结构效应,宏观经济因素主要表现为增排效应,而居民消费因素的作用通道存在差异。此外,部分因素在各需求层次上存在显著空间外溢效应,应重视区域间的横向联动减排效应,做好隐含碳减排的统筹协调工作。  相似文献   

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