Risk assessment method for submerged weeds in New Zealand hydroelectric lakes

The latent potential for problematic weed growth in a hydro-lake is proportional to water level fluctuation, water clarity, lake shape, littoral gradient and exposure to wave action. These five factors were used to assess a score for measuring the latent potential for weed impact and each factor was allocated a score of 1–5, with a theoretical maximum of 25. Any hydro-lake scoring above 15 could be expected to present potential inconvenience to power generation, given the presence of suitable submerged weed species. Assessment of potential impact arising from weed invasion must firstly determine what species are already established, and whether it is possible for a weed species of greater potential impact to be introduced. The risk of this occurring is dependent upon a number of factors, including public accessibility, proximity to sources of those species and the desirability of the waterbody to potential weed vectors. Once these factors are quantified, appropriate surveillance strategies in high-risk hydro-lakes may then be developed.     

广州外来入侵植物

根据野外调查及相关文献资料,初步探讨了广州市外来入侵植物的种类组成、分布生境、生长特性、危害以及来源.结果表明:广州市现有外来人侵植物73种,隶属于27科59属,其中菊科(19种)、禾本科(8种)、豆科(7种)和苋科(7种)植物占了入侵植物总种数的56.2%.生活型分析发现,在广州有分布的外来入侵植物中,陆生草本植物最多(58种),其次为灌木(10种)、水生草本(3种),乔木种类最少(2种),它们主要生长在人类干扰比较频繁的低海拔地区.另外,基于对外来入侵植物目前在野外的生长和分布状况等生态学特性进行分析,可大致将它们对本地生物多样性危害程度分为3级,其中危害严重的有11种,危害中等的有25种,危害较轻的有37种.从原产地分析来看,61种来自于热带美洲地区,占广州外来入侵植物总种数的83.6%.与国内其他地区外来入侵植物进行比较发现,广州和广西共有种数最多,有62种,然而,对已经造成严重危害的外来植物种类,在数量上广州与香港、深圳和广西相同种类较多,分别有8种、7种和6种.对广州市目前外来植物的入侵风险(潜在威胁)的评估结果表明,对一些在其它地区已经造成严重危害的外来植物,应当加强监控,防止入侵扩散并造成重大生态灾难.还对广州市外来植物入侵的主要途径及防治策略做了简要分析和说明.     

外来入侵物种的风险评估定量模型及应用

预防生物入侵的一个重要手段是对外来物种进行风险评估,应用模型则是定量评估的必备方法。本文简述了常用的适生性风险评估模型,概述了诸如遗传算法、模糊包络模型、自组织特征映射网络等较新的理论方法,它们使用环境变量和物种实际分布数据,利用不同的机理模型预测物种潜在分布区。本文还综述了适用于研究物种扩散性的模型,积分差分方程模型可以模拟物种扩散行为,元胞自动机模型可以揭示种间竞争关系,景观中性模型大多用于种群动态等生态过程的研究。     

对《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》中植物物种的解析与思考

《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》（简称《重点名录2023》）于2023年1月1日起正式施行,该名录对我国外来入侵物种防控管理具有重要的指导作用。本文梳理了我国外来入侵物种名录修订背景及概况,比较了《重点名录2023》和其他名录中外来入侵植物物种的差异,并分析了《重点名录2023》中33种外来入侵植物的危害性和扩散程度。《重点名录2023》与4批“中国外来入侵物种名单”和《国家重点管理外来入侵物种名录（第一批）》中的植物物种重合度较高。33种外来入侵植物对我国生态、农业、林业、人畜健康均有严重危害,且扩散范围广,但仍有值得商榷的问题。本文详述了《重点名录2023》在分类争议和前期评估上存在的问题和缺口,并对我国外来入侵植物物种名录的动态调整和分类管理提出了思考和建议。     

中国外来入侵植物的学名考证 (3)

基于中国外来入侵植物的相关报道与文献,发现一些入侵植物的学名使用比较混乱：不同时期、不同地区、不同作者在报道同一外来物种时使用不同的学名,或因中文名相近,而将其他植物作为外来入侵植物报道。依据最新资料,对国内报道的16种外来入侵植物学名进行了考证,包括中文名、英文名、异名、原产地及其在国内外的分布情况。     

The alien flora of Kashmir Himalaya

Compilation of alien flora from phytogeographically distinct regions is of immediate relevance not only for better understanding the patterns of plant invasion but also for explicating the processes promoting invasion at local, regional or global scales. Despite being at higher risk of invasion by plants because of its European colonial past, south Asia has received very little attention in respect of characterization of its alien flora. This paucity of baseline data necessitated compilation of the first catalogue of alien flora from the Kashmir Himalaya—a phytogeographically distinct south Asian region nestled in the northwestern folds of Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. Total alien flora of the region is represented by 571 plant species, belonging to 352 genera and 104 families. It constitutes a relatively higher (29%) proportion of the total flora of the region. Families with largest number of alien representatives are Poaceae (60 species), Asteraceae (54 species), and Brassicaceae (30 species). However, families such as Amaranthaceae (83%) and Chenopodiacae (71%) show higher percentage of aliens relative to their total number of plant species in the region. Most of the alien plant species (38%) trace their origin to Europe, followed by Asia (27%) and Africa (15%). Present study also reports, for the first time, occurrence of seven plant species in this region. Each alien plant species is provided with information on the origin, habit, mode/purpose of introduction, current invasion status, altitudinal range and the primary published source.     

Invasive alien plants in China: diversity and ecological insights

China’s current invasive alien plant species were analyzed with regard to their floristic status, biological attributes and invasion status elsewhere. Most of the 270 species identified were annuals, followed by perennial herbs. Woody perennials made only about 10% of the species. The invasives were comprised of 59 families, the largest being Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Brassicaceae. The genera with most invasive species were Amaranthus, Ipomoea, and Solanum. Most of the species originated from the New World, notably from South America. About one-third of the species were serious invaders of natural habitats in countries other than China. The proportion of invasive alien plants in province floras ranged from 0.5 to 3.8%, absolute numbers from nine to 117 species per province. Density of invasive species was correlated positively with native species density at provincial scale. The results demonstrate that in China invasive plants are present throughout the country, with a particularly high species richness in the Southeast. The ecological diversity of invasive plants suggests wide ranging impacts which need to be assessed.     

浙江省外来入侵植物研究

基于国内外文献资料、标本信息和野外调查,初步整理了浙江省外来入侵植物的种类组成、生活型、原产地、危害程度和入侵途径。结果表明,浙江省现有外来人侵植物46科106属166种,种数最多的是菊科、豆科和禾本科。根据原产地分析,来源于南美洲的物种最多,约占总数的32．16％,其次为北美洲,约占总数的25．63％,欧洲排第三位,约占总数的19．59％;已产生严重危害的有23种,中等危害的60种,危害较轻的83种。还有一些物种虽然没有在表里列出,但它们具有潜在的危害,必须密切关注。同时,与之前的研究相比,我们去除了一些已报道为人侵的物种,又增加了一些新的入侵种。在此基础上,对浙江省外来入侵植物的生活型、来源及危害进行了分析,并与以往的研究进行了比较,提出了针对性的管理建议。     

上海外来植物及其入侵等级划分

汇总分析了上海外来植物75科232属357种(和种下类群)基础资料,并对其入侵危害进行等级划分;其中入侵植物64种,一般或偶见外来植物293种;报道了9种上海新纪录逸生植物。上海外来植物总体呈现种类繁多、国产种类较多、分布密度大、严重危害种类较多且分布广、入侵途径集中等特征。同时对上海外来入侵植物的管理与防治提出具体措施。     

浙江省外来入侵植物研究

基于国内外文献资料、标本信息和野外调查,初步整理了浙江省外来入侵植物的种类组成、生活型、原产地、危害程度和入侵途径。结果表明,浙江省现有外来入侵植物46科106属166种,种数最多的是菊科、豆科和禾本科。根据原产地分析,来源于南美洲的物种最多,约占总数的3216%,其次为北美洲,约占总数的2563%,欧洲排第三位,约占总数的1959%;已产生严重危害的有23种,中等危害的60种,危害较轻的83种。还有一些物种虽然没有在表里列出,但它们具有潜在的危害,必须密切关注。同时,与之前的研究相比,我们去除了一些已报道为入侵的物种,又增加了一些新的入侵种。在此基础上,对浙江省外来入侵植物的生活型、来源及危害进行了分析,并与以往的研究进行了比较,提出了针对性的管理建议。     

中国外来入侵植物的学名考证（2）

报道中国外来入侵植物的文献众多,然而不少物种的学名使用混乱。不同时期、不同地区的不同作者在报道同一物种时,使用不同的学名,或因中文名相近,将其他物种作为外来入侵植物报道,从而给入侵植物的研究造成混乱。依据最新植物志等权威资料,对国内文献报道的20种入侵植物的学名进行了考证,包括中名、异名,原产地及其在国内外的扩散情况以及必要的讨论等。