Two new species of the genus Tyrophagus (Acari: Acaridae)

Two new species of Tyrophagus Oudemans, 1924, are described. One species, T. Savasi , has been discovered in several habitats of economic importance. It closely resembles T putrescentiae (Schrank) and T. neiswander Johnston & Bruce. The second, T. rebertsonae , has so far been discovered in only two, soil and tree bark. It differs from other species of Tyrophagus by a number of character. Both new species have pigmented 'eyespots' on the prodorsal shield. A new character used to differentiate these species is the shape of the sclerotized neck of receptaculum semins.
The position of the new species in three commonly used keys to adults of the genus Tyrophagus is indicated     

A new white truffle species, Tuber panzhihuanense from China

A new white Tuber species, T. panzhihuanense, is described based on collections from Sichuan and Yunnan, China. This is one of 10 new white truffle species, which were discovered in 2010 and 2011. Morphological and molecular analysis shows that T. panzhihuanense is clearly different from any other taxon in the genus of Tuber. It grows in mycorrhizal association with trees of Pinus yunnanensis in limestone soils. It has a pleasant aroma and is good edible. This is the first white truffle species discovered in China that has commercial potential.     

A new species of the genus Chlorencoelia (Helotiales) from China

Chlorencoelia collections from different regions of China were examined. A new species is discovered and named as C. macrospora. The most significant features to distinguish the new species from any other known species of the genus are its very large acsi and ascospores. Three of the five known species of the genus are found from China.     

A new species of Pearsonia (Fabaceae) from dolomites in Northern Province, South Africa

The Wolkberg Centre of endemism (northeastern Drakensberg escarpment) has a high proportion of species endemic to dolomite- and quartzite-derived soils. The Legalameetse Nature Reserve falls largely within the Chuniespoort Formation, which constitutes the dolomite component of the Wolkberg Centre. A number of species that occur within Legalameetse do not match existing material. Among the new taxa discovered is a species of Pearsonia Dümmer, which also occurs on the Wolkberg and in the Ribbokkop area. Pearsonia callistoma is most closely related to P. uniflora. In this paper, the new species is described and its geographical distribution, habitat, flowering time and conservation status are discussed. We also present a revised key for the genus Pearsonia.     

A new species of Cycas from the Malabar Coast, Western Ghats, India

A new cycad species,Cycas annaikalensis, has been discovered from the Malabar Coast of the southern Western Ghats of India. Although geographically distributed in a small population within the range ofC. circinalis, it can be distinguished from the other described IndianCycas species by its distinct habitat, habit, morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts, and anatomy of leaflets.     

The discovery of the genus Spinadesha (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Spinadesha Quicke of the tribe Adeshini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) has been discovered in China. A second new species, Spinadesha sinica sp. n., is described and illustrated in detail.     

A new species of Afrolernaea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) parasitic on mormyrid fishes in Gabon and a discussion of its affinities

A new lernaeid copepod of the genus Afrolernaea parasitic on mormyrid fishes from Gabon is described. A fin parasite, this species has been found only on the inner face of the pectoral fins. The new species is the most primitive member of the genus yet discovered and the structure of its appendages throws light on the nature of the anchoring hooks of the more advanced species, and on the probable course of evolution within the genus. The suggested affinities of the species of the genus are indicated in a dendrogram.     

Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis (Apocynaceae,Asclepiadoideae), a new species from northeastern Thailand

A new species, Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis A. Kidyoo, has been discovered in northeastern Thailand and is here described and illustrated. An identification key to all species of the genus is provided. Photographs and a diagnostic comparison with the morphologically similar species G. calcicola Kerr, are also provided. Gymnemopsis phuwuaensis displays clear differences in form and color of the corolla as well as in size of bract and flower. A lectotype for Gymnemopsis pierrei is also designated.     

Three species of Lagenidiales isolated from the eggs and zoeae of the marine crabPortunus pelagicus

Three species of Lagenidiales were isolated from the eggs and zoeae of the marine crabPortunus pelagicus. One of them,Lagenidium callinectes, is reported for the first time in Japan, with fungal infection in the eggs.Haliphthoros milfordensis was discovered from a zoea of the crab.Atkinsiella okinawaensis was also isolated from a zoea of the crab and described as a new species. Growth temperature range and optimum temperature of the fungi were examined. All of the isolates grew at various concentrations of NaCl or KCl, and optimum growth was observed on PYGS agar containing seawater. Pathogenicity to zoeae of the swimming crabPortunus trituberculatus was demonstrated by using a zoospore suspension of each fungus at 25°C.     

Three new species of Spigelia (Strychnaceae) from Mexico

During a revisionary study ofSpigelia, three new species from Mexico were discovered. Two of these new species appear to be narrow endemics, one in the state of Chiapas and one in the state of Guerrero, and the third is more widespread in Mexico and Guatemala. These new species are described, illustrated, and distinguished from other North AmericanSpigelias.     

A new species of giant sengi or elephant-shrew (genus Rhynchocyon) highlights the exceptional biodiversity of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania

A new species of sengi, or elephant-shrew, is described. It was discovered in the northern Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania in 2005. Sengis (Order Macroscelidea, super-cohort Afrotheria) include four genera and 15 species of mammals that are endemic to Africa. This discovery is a significant contribution to the systematics of this small order. Based on 49 camera trap images, 40 sightings and five voucher specimens, the new sengi is diurnal and distinguished from the other three species of Rhynchocyon by a grizzled grey face, pale yellow to cream chest and chin, orange-rufous sides, maroon back and jet-black lower rump and thighs. The body weight of the new species is about 700 g, which is 25–50% greater than any other giant sengi. The new Rhynchocyon is only known from two populations that cover about 300 km² of montane forest. It has an estimated density of 50–80 individuals km⁻². This discovery has important implications for the conservation of the high biodiversity that is found in the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains.     

A new ballistosporous species of Protostelium

During surveys of the protostelids of the Hawaiian Islands and the South Island of New Zealand, an undescribed species of Protostelium was discovered fruiting on collections of substrates found in several sites on the southern and western parts of the island of Hawaii and from one site near Port Elizabeth, New Zealand. The new species, P. okumukumu, has a sporocarp with a bipartite stalk that supports a single, spherical spore. The basal portion of the stalk is straight and rigid. The upper part of the stalk is a nearly spherical apophysis. The junction between the stalk base and the apophysis is flexible such that the spore and apophysis swing back and forth as a unit. Spores are forcibly discharged from the stalk, and only the straight base of the stalk is left behind. Amoebae typical of the taxon Protostelium germinate from the spores, and when an amoeba differentiates into a prespore cell, it becomes lozenge shaped (nearly ellipsoid) in top view, as is typical for species of Protostelium. This represents the seventh species of protostelids described to have forcible spore discharge, and the possibility of forcible discharge needs to be examined in several other species.     

Fusarium foetens, a new species pathogenic to begonia elatior hybrids (Begonia x hiemalis) and the sister taxon of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex

A new disease recently was discovered in begonia elatior hybrid (Begonia × hiemalis) nurseries in The Netherlands. Diseased plants showed a combination of basal rot, vein yellowing and wilting and the base of collapsing plants was covered by unusually large masses of Fusarium macroconidia. A species of Fusarium was isolated consistently from the discolored veins of leaves and stems. It differed morphologically from F. begoniae, a known agent of begonia flower, leaf and stem blight. The Fusarium species resembled members of the F. oxysporum species complex in producing short monophialides on the aerial mycelium and abundant chlamydospores. Other phenotypic characters such as polyphialides formed occasionally in at least some strains, relatively long monophialides intermingled with the short monophialides formed on the aerial mycelium, distinct sporodochial conidiomata, and distinct pungent colony odor distinguished it from the F. oxysporum species complex. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit of the ribosomal DNA (mtSSU rDNA), nuclear translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and β-tubulin gene exons and introns indicate that the Fusarium species represents a sister group of the F. oxysporum species complex. Begonia × hiemalis cultivars Bazan, Bellona and Netja Dark proved to be highly susceptible to the new species. Inoculated plants developed tracheomycosis within 4 wk, and most died within 8 wk. The new taxon was not pathogenic to Euphorbia pulcherrima, Impatiens walleriana and Saintpaulia ionantha that commonly are grown in nurseries along with B. × hiemalis. Inoculated plants of Cyclamen persicum did not develop the disease but had discolored vessels from which the inoculated fungus was isolated. Given that the newly discovered begonia pathogen is distinct in pathogenicity, morphology and phylogeny from other fusaria, it is described here as a new species, Fusarium foetens.     

A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania; a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities

A very distinctive perdicine bird was discovered in July 1991 during fieldwork in montane evergreen forests in parts of the Udzungwa Mountains in Tanzania which were so far ornithologically unexplored. The bird is described here as a new genus and species with affinities to the hill-partridges Arborophila of the Indo-Malayan region. The relict occurrence in Africa of taxa with affinities to Oriental biota is discussed.     

中国及老挝果实蝇属一新种及一新记录种（双翅目：实蝇科）

记述果实蝇属Bactrocera Macquart 1新种:甘肃果实蝇Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)gansuica Chen,Han et Zhousp.nov.及老挝果实蝇属1新记录种:黑颜果实蝇B(Z.)vultus(Hardy,1973),并附形态特征图。新种和盾条果实蝇B.(Z.)adusta(Wang & Zhao)及塔帕果实蝇Bactrocera(B.)tappanus(Shiraki)相似,均仅具1对小盾鬃,中胸盾片除2侧纵条及1中纵条外,余均黑色,以及小盾片具1黑色宽纵条。主要区别在于:1)前足股节端半深棕色,而非几乎全黑;2)中、后足股节端部约1/3深棕色;3)翅前缘带与端斑明显相连,而非与端斑明显分离。     

Iterative taxonomy reveals a new species of Trichomycterus Valenciennes 1832 (Siluriformes,Trichomycteridae) widespread in Rio Doce basin: a pseudocryptic of T. immaculatus

This paper reports on a new species of Trichomycterus from the Rio Doce basin. Unusually for new taxa in the genus during the past few decades, the new species is not narrowly endemic but instead widely distributed in its major drainage, the Rio Doce. The species has been collected and deposited in scientific collections for some years, but has been systematically misidentified as the more abundant Trichomycterus immaculatus or, to a lesser degree, as other morphologically similar species from south-eastern Brazil such as T. nigricans and T. pradensis. A combination of several morphological characteristics, such as vertebral number, pectoral-fin ray counts, pigmentation pattern and barcoding distance, were iteratively used and unambiguously distinguish the new species from all congeners. The present case reveals a pattern of diversity-discovery in which rare and narrowly endemic morphologically conspicuous species are discovered and described before visually inconspicuous taxa, even when the latter are more abundant and widespread. The morphological similarities among south-eastern Brazilian species with a uniform dark-grey color serve as basis for a brief discussion about the concepts of cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species in Trichomycterus and their consequences for potentially hidden diversity in the genus.     

新的蜜环菌生物种

对湖北、西藏等地区的蜜环菌进行调查,发现了1个新蜜环菌生物种CBS P和2个互交不育子实体标本,均为四极性异宗配合。扩大了部分生物种的分布范围,试验结果显示西南地区为CBS J的分布中心。     

新的蜜环菌生物种

对湖北、西藏等地区的蜜环菌进行调查,发现了1个新蜜环菌生物种CBSP和2个互交不育子实体标本,均为四极性异宗配合。扩大了部分生物种的分布范围,试验结果显示西南地区为CBSJ的分布中心。